Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Derm Pharm > Derm Pharm Cards Part 1 > Flashcards

Derm Pharm Cards Part 1 Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Dermatology Board Prep flashcards
1
Q

Botulinum toxin MAO

A

Hyperhydrosis tx

Purified protein from Clostridium botulinum

Heavy chain portion binds to cell membrane via an unidentified high affinity receptor molecule; internalized via endocytosis; light chain cleaves SNAP25 to prevent the fusion of Ach vesicles w/ cell membrane

Blocks N/M receptors to reduce wrinkles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Glycopyrrolate

Propantheline

A

Quaternary ammonium cmpd, N/M block for hyperhydrosis, no BBB cross

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Propanolol

A

Hyperhydrosis tx

Beta blocker that reduces CNS stimulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Ditiazem

A

Hyperhydrosis tx

Blocks calcium ions involved in secretion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Cyclovir MOA

A

Viral immediate early genes - thymidine kinases - phosphorylate the cyclovirs to activate them

All are renaly eliminated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Cyclovir agents that are neurotoxic/ seizures

A

acyclovir

valacyclovir

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Cyclovir agents that cause anemia, leukopenia, neutropenia, thrombocytopenia

A

Gancyclovir

Valgancyclovir

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Variciella zoster & chicken pox - 2 therapies for pox, 3 for zoster

A

Acyclovir & Valacyclovir - pox & zoster

Famciclovir - zoster only

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Best tolerated cyclovir

A

Famcyclovir

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Anti-viral that causes electrolyte imbalance, chelates calcium

A

Forscarenet

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

2 anti-virals that do not require intracellular phosphorylation

A

Forcarenet

cidofovir

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Taken w/ cidofovir to reduce renal toxicity

A

Probenecid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

MAO of Forscarenet

A

Selectively inhibits the viral-specific DNA polymerases and reverse transcriptases at pyrophosphate-binding site; blocks chain elongation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

MAO of cidofovir

A

Competitively inhibits viral DNA polymerase; competes with deoxycytosine triphospate for incorporation into viral DNA

(only Rx for HHV-7)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Amorolfine MOA and use

A

Inhibits ergosterol synthesis

Clinical use: Topical therapy for Onchomycosis infections

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Ciclopirox MOA and use

A

Blocks fungal transmembrane transport which depletes essential substrates and interferes with RNA and DNA synthesis

Clinical use: Topical therapy for localized Tinea and Onchomychosis infections

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Naftifine

A

Inhibits ergosterol synthesis by inhibiting squalene epoxidase

Locally bactericidal against Gram+ and Gram- bacteria

Anti-inflammatory due to inhibition of PGs, LTs and histamine  vasoconstriction

Clinical use: Topical therapy for localized Tinea infections

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

2 topical anti-fungals that we do not combine

A

Azoles & Naftifine because they both work by inhibiting ergosterol synthesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Fluconazole

A

Inhibit ergosterol synthesis by blocking 14-alpha demethylase, which is a CYP enzyme responsible for converting lanosterol to ergosterol

Clinical use: oral therapy for widespread Tinea infections, topical treatment for localized Tinea infections and oral therapy for Onychomycosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Azole w/ Renal Elimination

A

Fluconazole

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

2 azoles to the CSF

A

Fluconazole & Voriconazole

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Itraconazole adverse effects

A

Hepatotoxicity

No QT prolongation

BBW: negative inotropic action  heart failure and ventricular dysfunction

23
Q

Terbinafine MAO & Adverse Effects

A

Inhibits ergosterol synthesis by inhibiting squalene epoxidase

Hepatotoxicity (rare), transient lymphopenia and neutropenia  requires routine CBCs

Avoid in immunosuppressed patients

24
Q

Posaconazole

A

Inhibit ergosterol synthesis by blocking 14-alpha demethylase, which is a CYP enzyme responsible for converting lanosterol to ergosterol

Must be taken with a full meal for adequate bioavailability

25
Q

Vorconazole unique adverse effects

A

genetic polymorphisms affect serum concentrations

optic neuritis

Photosensitizes the skin

26
Q

Daptomycin MAO, AEs? limitations?

A

Cyclic lipopeptide that rapidly disrupts bacterial cell membranes and results in depolarization and loss of membrane potential and K+ efflux

Adverse affect- muscle pain or weakness, monitor serum creatine phosphokinase elevations

Drug interactions with co-administration of statins

Surfactant antagonizes daptomycin, so do not use in the treatment of pneumonia

27
Q

Linezolid static vs. cidal?

Resistance?

Caution use with?

A

Bacteriostatic in Staph and enterococci
Bacteriocidal in Strep

Resistance can develop by point mutations arising in the 23S RNA

Non-selective inhibitor of monoamine oxidase, use caution with co-administration of pseudoephedrine, phenylpropanolamine, SSRIs, etc…  serotonin syndrome

Decreased breakdown of tyramine absorbed from the diet  HTN

oral - contains aspartame, caution w/ PKU

28
Q

Mupirocin MAO, vehicle, AEs, uses

A

Inihibits protein and RNA synthesis by binding reversibly to staphylococcal isoleucyl tRNA synthetase

The vehicle used in mupirocin ointments is polyethylene glycol, which can cause renal failure

tx topical for Staph/ Strep impetigo

29
Q

Bacitracin

A

Polypeptide that inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis by inhibiting movement of peptidoglycan building blocks of cell wall from inside to outside the cell membrane by inhibiting dephosphorylation of isoprenyl pyrophosphate carrier protein

Clinical use: Gram + cocci and bacilli

Nephrotoxicity with parenteral use

30
Q

Dapsone MAO - 2

A

Inhibits folate synthesis via competitive antagonism of dihydropteroate synthetase

Inhibits second messenger pathways involved in neutrophil chemotaxis (mechanism UNK)

31
Q

Dapsone - adverse rsns

A

hemolysis, methemoglobinemia, hepatitis, infectious mononucleosis, cholestatic jaundice, peripheral (motor) neuropathy, severe hypoalbuminemia, psychosis, leukopenia, agranulocytosis and maculopapular or exfoliative lesions

SJS has been associated with dapsone syndrome as well

Contraindicated in patients with G-6-PD deficiency

Metabolized in liver to hydroxylamine  potent oxidant  hemolysis and methemoglobinemia

Renal elimination  decreased renal function  increase risk of ADEs listed

32
Q

Dapsone syndrome

A

Type I - red rash on upper body/ forehead, give corticosteroids

Type II - painful nodules/ neuropathy - give corticosteroids, clofazimine, thalidomide

33
Q

Clofazimine MAO

A

Binds to mycobacterial guanine and cytosine blocking the template function of the DNA and inhibiting bacterial proliferation

Stains body fluids, feces may appear black or tarry and skin discoloration

Highly lipophilic  long persistence

34
Q

3 TNF-alpha blockers

their black box warning?

A

Adalimumab
Etanercept
Infliximab (also Heart Failure & murine protein sensitivity)

Infection, neoplasm, TB

35
Q

Ustekinuma

A

Monoclonal antibody that binds p40 subunit  disrupts IL-12 and IL-23 signal which are both over expressed in psoriasis plaques  suppresses formation of pro-inflammatory Th1 and Th17 cells

36
Q

Calcipotriene

A

Binds VitD receptor  complex associated with RXR  binds DNA vitamin D response element  modulation of epidermal differentiation and inflammation, leading to improvement in psoriatic plaques

37
Q

Calcitriol

A

Hormonally active form of VitD3 binds VitD receptor  complex associated with RXR  binds DNA vitamin D response element  modulation of epidermal differentiation and inflammation, leading to improvement in psoriatic plaques

psoriasis in intertriginous and sensitive areas of skin

38
Q

Retinoids - MOA

Name 4 RAR;s

A 
Targets RAR  affects cellular differentiation and proliferation
first line for comedonal acne 
Adapalene
Tretinoin, ATRA 
Isotretinoin
Tazarotene
39
Q

2 retinoic acid receptors & their roles

A

RAR - affects differentiation and proliferation, useful in psoriasis and acne

RXR -affects apoptosis, used for mycosis funoides & Kaposi sarcoma

40
Q

Benzoyl peroxide

A

Pro-drug converted in the skin to benzoic acid  liberation of free radical, which is lethal for nearby P. acnes

41
Q

Salicylic acid

A

Topical keratolytic  desquamation of horny layer of skin

Clinical use: common and plantar warts, psoriasis, calluses, corns and acne

42
Q

salicylism

A

dizziness, tinnitus, CNS deficits, multi-organ failure and organ edema

43
Q

For fluorinated steroids only

A

Rosacea-like skin rash around the mouth
Perioral dermatitis
Do not apply fluorinated topical steroids to face

44
Q

Hydrocortisone

A

mild topical corticosteroid

45
Q

Betamethasone valerate

A

moderate corticosteroid; intralesional injection

46
Q

Flucinonide

A

potent topical corticosteroid

47
Q

Clobetasol propionate

A

very potent corticosteroid

48
Q

Aluminum Chloride

A

Hyperhydrosis tx

Short term occlusion of eccrine/ apocrine ducts
Combines with keratin to produce fibrilar contraction of duct

49
Q

Oxybutynin

A

Hyperhydrosis tx

Tertiary ammonium cmpd, cross BBB causing sedation and delirium

50
Q

Clonidine

A

Hyperhydrosis tx

Central alpha 2 agonist that lowers CNS stimulation

51
Q

Griseofulvin MAO & adverse rxns (2 unique)

A

Binds to tubulin  interfers with microtubule function  inhibiting mitosis

Clinical use: oral therapy for widespread Tinea infections and oral therapy for Onychomycosis

Because the drug is a product of penicillium, there is a potential cross-sensitivity to patients with beta-lactam hypersensitivity

INDUCES CYP3A4

52
Q

Dalfopristin/Quinoprostin
(70:30) -Synercid
MAO

A

Protein synthesis inhibition by binding to the ribosome peptidyletransferase domain  inhibition of tRNA synthetase  amino acid addition to peptide chain is blocked

53
Q

Clindamycin antagonized by..

A

Erythromycin

Derm Pharm (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions