Derm Pharm

Question 1

Most topical meds are incorporated into ___ or ____ to bring drugs into contact with the ____

Answer 1

bases; vehicles; skin

Question 2

Primary barrier of absorption through skin is ____; this is the what for ______? How are topicals absorbed?

Answer 2

stratum corneum; rate-limiting step for percutaneous absorption;
by the skin because of a concentration gradient

Question 3

All topical drug absorption occurs via

Answer 3

passive diffusion

Question 4

Drug absorption is enhanced by _______; this can be achived by what ()? What else can help with this drug absorption?

Answer 4

improving hydration; can be achieved by physical occlusion;

injured or diseased skin may increase absorption (eczema or psoriasis)

Question 5

Most penetration of skin occurs with things like 1, 2, 3; less penetration with what?

Answer 5

1. mucous membrane 2. scrotum 3. eyelids;

palmar and plantar skin, nails

Question 6

What different variables can help with increasing PCA?

Answer 6

Concentration, lipophilicity, decreased stratum corneum thickness, cutaneous vasculature, area of absorptive surface (increases PCA total overall), inflamed skin (disrupts stratum corneum), ulceration

Question 7

Powders absorb; however they

Answer 7

moisture and reduce friction (soothing, cooling affect);

adhere poorly to the skin and tend to clump

Question 8

Greases tend to be ____ while ointments are more ____

Answer 8

protective; occlusive

Question 9

For candida infection, what do you put on first? What can be put on later?

Answer 9

Use a cream; then use powders to not have recurrence (early on they’d make clumps)

Question 10

Gels are useful in ____ and allow for greater ____ than what? What are they useful to treat?

Answer 10

hairy areas; penetration; lotions;

chronic dermatoses and ulcers

Question 11

Paste is a smooth ____ mixture with _____-like properties

Answer 11

viscous; adherence

Question 12

Creams can be what types of preparations? Which leaves a drying effect and which leaves a moisturizing effect?

Answer 12

Oil-in-water vs. water-in-oil;

Oil-in-water will leave drying effect vs. water-in-oil leaving a moisturizing effect

Question 13

Aerosol: a ____ system in which solid or liquid particles are suspended in a ____

Answer 13

colloid; gas

Question 14

Foams: substance formed by trapping pockets of _____ in a ____ or _____

Answer 14

gas; liquid or solid

Question 15

FTU is

Answer 15

amount of ointment expressed from a tube applied to the fingertip; one FTU weights about .5 gm (1/2 FTU covers 1 side of the hand)

Question 16

Regarding glucocorticoids, there are classes of what potency?

Answer 16

1 is the most potent; 7 is the least potent

Question 17

Use of high potency steroids can result in what four things? What are some other SE’s?

Answer 17

1. steroid atrophy 2. straie 3. telangiectasia 4. purpura;
   acne, pigmentary changes, overgrowth of bacteria and fungus;
   MAYBE GLAUCOMA OR CATARACT

Question 18

Systemic affects of steroids include

Answer 18

suppression of hypothalmic-pituitary-adrenal axis and growth retardation

Question 19

UVA and UVB can be used as form of ______ treatment; what is an increased risk of UVA? UVB causes what, and UVA causes what?

Answer 19

psoriasis; increases risk of skin cancers;
UVB: erythrogenic and melanogenic: sunburn, suntan, photoaging;
UVA: less erythrogenic but penetrates more deeply (photoaging)

Question 20

UV therapy can alter

Answer 20

the immune response in the skin; type I and II reactions

Question 21

UV therapy is useful for

Answer 21

inflamm conditions like atopic dermatitis, CTCL, lichen planus, psoriasis; NOT USEFUL for non-inflamm conditions such as tinea versicolor

Question 22

Creams are; lotions are

Answer 22

grease (protective) and liquid;

liquid and powder (dry, can form clumps)

Question 23

For lichen simplex chronicus, how can you treat this?

Answer 23

1. Ointment first (occlusive)

2. Water in oil (moisturizing)

Question 24

What meds are photosensitizing themselves? 6

Answer 24

1. Phenothiazines
2. Thiazides
3. Sulfonamides
4. NSAIDs
5. Tetracyclines
6. Benzodiazepines