derm crossword Flashcards
tetracycline used to treat acne, noteworthy for its ability to cause dark pigmentation in skin and sclera
minocycline
cyclosporine and tacrolimus are among these agents that revolutionized transplantation therapy because they don’t cause bone marrow suppression. among other used includes topical or systemic administration for —?
calcineurin inhibitors
psoriasis and topical administration for anogenital pruritis
route of administration where pharmacokinetic factors influencing absorption and distribution of drug include region, concentration, and vehicle
cutaneous
organophosphate anticholinesterase insecticides, kills ectoparasites
malathion
prescription synthetic topical antimycotic agent with broad spectrum activity
ciclopirox
~50% water based, and 50% oil based with an emulsifier, base that is useful for covering large and/or wet areas with a drug but preservatives, etc, can cause allergic reactions
creams
component of plant defenses against bacteria active against P. acne
azaleic acid
late choice for treating ectoparasites, works by disrupting GABAergic transmission
lindane
urea, alpha-hydroxyl acids and allantoin are among the agents found in moisturizers to soften this and give a smoother feeling (2 words)
horny substance
refers to localized pruritis caused by compression/damage to nerves; anticonvulsants gabapentin or pregabalin may provide relief
neuropathic
topical treatment o lesions due to herpes simplex
acyclovir
example of body region where topically applied agents would be rapidly absorbed
axlla
low pressure implementation of this with normal saline is an important component of healing, especially for larger wounds
irrigation
delayed hypersensitivity reaction that can be caused by substances such as latex and drugs such as neomycin and bacitracin; sometimes induced as treatment of skin disorder (i.e. psoriasis and alopecia)
contact dermatitis
K+ sparing diuretic with partial agonist propoerties at androgen receptors that can make it useful for treating menstrual cycle-linked acne of male pattern baldness in adult women
spironolactone
most important component of infection control
hand hygeine
platelet-derived growth factor that stimulates diabetic ulcer repair, but must use cautiously as too much increases risk of malignancy
becaplermin
orally administrated insecticide to treat ectoparasites, binds glutamate-activated Cl- channels to hyperpolarize the nerve and muscle cells
ivermectine
treated surgically when possible with 1-2 cm margins and conventional chemotherapy based on dacarbazine; vermurafenib is also useful in the ~60% that have the BRAF V600D gene mutation
melanoma
common cause of diarrhea due to antibiotic-associated colitis, well known example where handwashing with soap and water is superior to acohol-based gels
C Difficile
macrlide antibiotic, among uses is for topical or systemic treatment o acne; among the well-known cytochrome P450 inhibitors
erythromycin
imidazole antifungal drug applied topically or range of fungal infections, also noteworthy as a classic inhibitor of cytochrome P450
ketoconazole
local vasoconstriction due to blood volume deficit, unrelieved pain, hypothermia, etc, can impair wound healing due to inadequate amount of this inthe tissue
oxygenation
can be effective treatment for acne in women
combination oral contraceptive
to heal best, wounds should be kept clean and
moist
potent vasodilator due to hyperpolarization via activation of K+ channels, applied topically to grow hair
minoxidil
when used to treat thrush, it is held in the mouth before swallowing (has negligible GI absorption)
nystatin
retinoid administered orally for treatment of severe acne, powerful teratogen that mandates participation by prescribers and used in the iPledge program
isotretinoin
most common handwashing error in clinical setting
inadequate time
applied to inanimate objects to kill microbes
disinfectant
blocking this radtion was ~ only goal of early sunscreens; also used to treat psoriasis
UVB
good wound coverings during the debridement phase of healing
hydrogels
anti-inflammatory agent known since anciet times, keratolytic effects due to its ability to dissolve intercellular cement make it useful for treatment of acne, dandruff and calluses
salicylic acid (ASA)
important for optimal wound healing
nutrition
useful topically for fungal infections such as jock itch and athlete’s foot and systemically for fungal nail infections
terbnafine
agents such as iodine, chlorhexidine and hydrogen peroxide and potentially do this to wound healing
impede
class of antifungal drugs with a wide range of activity, blocks ergosterol synthesis
imidazoles
biologic DMARD directed against IL-17a, used to treat psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis and, for some works much better than anti-TNF therapies
secukinumab
class of adrenergic agonists administered topically to treat rosacea or red eyes; bimonidine oxymetazoline and tetrahydrozyline are example
alpha
form on surfaces, very hard to kill because 1) resident microbes of different species help each other survive and 2) some also form phenotype that replicates slowly
biofilms
effective treatment for acne primarily because o its simple/easy to follow strategy
proactiv
monoclonal antibody against IL-12 and IL-23, a biologic agent used to treat psoriasis
ustekinumab
prototypical non-steroid androgen antagonist, uses include treatment of prostate cancer and male pattern baldness in women
flutamide
very important component of skin care for health care providers
moist urizers
antibiotic that works similar to macrolides, kills anaerobes, useful for range of infections including topical treatment of acne and for osteomyelitis; associated with increased risk of C. Dificile
clindamycin
topical immune response modifier used to treat actinic keratoses and basal or squamous cell carcinoma; also used to treat genital warts
imiquimod
characterizes the topical glucocorticoids that should be applied to face, genitals and skin folds
low potency
refers to substance in moisturizers that form an oily layer to trap water in the skin/treat dry skin; petrolatum, lanolin, and mineral oil are among common examples
emolients
control that is now considered a priority for optimal wound closure
glycemic
example of systemic therapy to treat tinea versicolor
flucanzole
orally administered phosphodiesterase type 4 inhibitor used to treat moderate to severe plaque psoriases
apremilast
broad-spectrum antimicrobial agent widely used in homes and hospitals due to efficacy on skin and oral mucosa with low irritablity
chlorhexidine
the formation of one of these after drug application to the skin may prolong its half-life enough to permit 1/day dosing
reservoir
drug class useful for systemic treatment of acne, photo-sensitivity, GI distress and contraindication in pregnancy and young children due to gray discoloration of permanent teeth are noteworthy adverse effects
tetracycline
chronic kidney disease, biliary obstruction, diabetes, hypo-and hyperthyroidism, hodgkin’s disease, polycythemia vera and pregnancy are among the common systemic causes of this
pruritis
applied to skin to kill microbes
antiseptic
peptide antibiotic with efficacy against gram- bacteria including pseudomonas, has a detergent-like effect that manages the bacterial cell membrane
polymixib
lower, closer to that of skin is why synthetic detergents minimize skin irritation during home skin care
pH
topical administration formulations have 7 potency classes so that it is possible to taper down to the lowest dose needed to control inflammation
glucocorticoids
refers to autoantibody mediated hair loss that is treated with corticosteroids and/or an agent such as DPCP to induce a contact dermatitis with typical hair growth restoration in the healed skin
alopecia areata
antifungal agent with topical effects limited to candida infections, may temporarily stain the skin yellow
amphotericin B
important component of wound healing, it conserves the local resources by limiting the need to synthesize proteases
debridement
synthetic insecticides similar to that of chrysanthemums, ectoparasite therapy that blocks membrane repolarizing
permethrin
topical antimicrobial agent commonly used to treat acne; local skin irritant and may blech hair or clothing
benzoylperoxide
macrolide among the systemic therapies used to treat acne; not a cytochrome P450 inhibitor, unusual pharmacokinetics in that it is taken up in phagocytes and released by them at sites of infection
azithromycin
refers to agents such as glycerin, lecithin and propylene glycol found in moisturizers to draw water into the outer layer of skin
humectants
peptide antibiotic with activity against gram + organisms and some anaerobes; only applied topically to limit systemic toxicity often causes contact dermatitis
bacitracin
somewhat surprisingly, making it a good distractor on exams, this does no promote wound healing
EGF
effective topical therapy for actinic keratoses, causes fast-proliferating dysplastic cells to die a thymidine-less death; necrosis/erosion gives way to re-epithelization over several weeks
5-fluorouracil
treatment for actinic keratoses derived from euphorbia peplus sap, causes chemoablation with neutrophil-mediated antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity eliminating remaining tumor cells
ingenolmebutate
aminoglycoside antibiotic of neosporin with activity against gram - bacteria
neomycin
compromised of ~20% water and 80% oils, best for dry skin, stay on the surface of skin and are not well absorbed, permit more complete drug absorption and less llikely to cause allergic reaction skin no preservatives
ointments
among OTC drug used to treat jock itch and athletes’ foot, like terbinafine, inactive against yeasts
tolnaftate
very old remedy for psoriasis; works but color and smells create a challenge
TAR
among the wound coverings perferreed during the granulation and epithelization phases of wound healing
low adherance
blocks the conversion of testosterone to more potent androgen dihydyrotestosterone, among its uses is to treat male pattern baldness in men and second-line agent for this in women
finasteride
drug class that may or may not stop the itch, but the associated drowsiness may help
anti-histamine
titanium dioxide is an example that could be applied, for example to your nose when on the beach
sunshade
topical retinoid administered or the treatment of acne, aters gene expression to normalize keratinization, decrease keratinocyte cohesiveness and reduce microcomedone formation
tretinoin
among the imidazole drugs commonly used to treat vulvovaginal candidiasis
miconazole
radiation that may not cause erythema and sunburn but nevertheless still does contribute to skin aging and photocarcinogenesis; under strict supervision, used in combination with photosensitizer psoralens to treat psoriases
UVA
inhibitors of this signaling pathway can be used to treat advanced basal cell carcinoma but usually treated surgically and/or topically
SHH
