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DERMATOLOGY/ INTUGEMENTARY SYSTEM > DERM ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY > Flashcards

DERM ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY Flashcards

1
Q

WHAT ARE THE 4 TYPES OF HUMAN TISSUE?

A

MUSCLE
NERVOUS
EPITHEILIAL
CONNECTIVE

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2
Q

4 TYPES OF HUMAN TISSUE:

GENERATES FORCE FOR MOVEMENT

ARRANGED IN BUNDLES

SUPPLIED WITH BLOOD VESSELS

A

MUSCLE

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3
Q

4 TYPES OF HUMAN TISSUE:

  • DETECTS CHANGES INSIDE AND OUTSIDE THE BODY
  • INITIATES AND TRANSMITS IMPULSES TO THE BODY TO HELP COORDINATE ACTIVITIES INVOLVED WITH HOMEOSTASIS.
  • CONSISTS OF THE CENTRAL AND PERIPHERAL SYSTEMS.
A

NERVOUS TISSUE

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4
Q

4 TYPES OF HUMAN TISSUE

COMPRISES THE HAIR, SKIN AND NAILS,

MAINLY IN CHARGE OF BEING COVERINGS FOR THE BODY, ORGANS ETC.

A

EPITHELIAL TISSUE

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5
Q

4 TYPES OF HUMAN TISSUE:

  • BINDS ORGANS TOGETHER
  • STORES ENERGY RESERVES AS FAT.
  • PROVIDES IMMUNITY
A

CONNECTIVE TISSUES

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6
Q
  • PROVIDE CONTACT OR ADHESION BETWEEN NEIGHBORING CELLS AND EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX.
  • MAINTAIN PARACELLULAR BARRIER OR EPITHELIA AND CONTROL TRANSPORT OF MATERIALS OR SIGNALS BETWEEN CELLS.
  • ENSE IN EPITHELIAL TISSUES BECAUSE THE TISSUE NEEDS TO MAINTAIN STRENGTH AND INTEGRITY.
A

CELL JUNCTIONS

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7
Q

CELL JUNCTIONS:

FORM BARRIER AGAINS WWATER AND ANTIGENS PASSING BETWEEN EPITHELIAL CELLS.

A

TIGHT JUNCTIONS

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8
Q

CELL JUNCTIONS:

-CELL TO CELL ADHESION THAT IS CONTINUOUSLY ASSEMBLING AND DISASSEMBLING

A

ADHERENT JUNCTIONS

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9
Q

CELL JUNCTION:

FORMS A STABLE ADHESIVE JUNCTION BETWEEN CELLS.

A

DESMOSOMES

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10
Q

CELL JUNCTIONS:

THIS JUNCTION ALLOWS SOME MOLLECULES TO FREELY PASS THROUGH BETWEEN CELLS.

A

GAP JUNCTIONS

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11
Q

CELL JUNCTIONS:

-FACILITATES THE STABLE ADHESION OF BASAL EPITHELIAL CELLS TO THE UNDERLYING BASEMENT CELLS.

A

HEMIDESMOSOMES

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12
Q

TWO BROAD CLASSIFICATIONS OF EPITHELIUM TISSUE

A

COVERING AND LINING

GLANDULAR

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13
Q

EPITHELIAL TISSUE:

  • COVERS EXTERNAL SURFACES OF THE BODY AND SOME ORGANS
  • LINES CAVITIES, BLOOD VESSELS AND DUCTS.
  • LINE THE INSIDE OF VESSELS LIKE G.I. , URINARY AND REPRODUCTIVE ORGANS.
A

COVERING AND LINING EPITHILEUM.

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14
Q

EPITHELIAL TISSUE:

-SECRETING PORTION OF THE GLANDS, SUCH AS SWEAT GLANDS.

A

GLANDULAR EPITHELIUM

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15
Q

3 LAYERS OF EPITHELIAL TISSUE

A

APICAL
BASAL
BASEMENT

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16
Q

3 LAYERS OF EPITHELIAL TISSUE

-MOST SUPERFICIAL LAYER

A

APICAL LAYER

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17
Q

3 LAYERS OF EPITHELIAL TISSUE

DEEPEST LAYER OF THE CELL

A

BASAL LAYER

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18
Q

3 LAYERS OF EPITHELIAL TISSUE

THIN EXTRACELLULAR STRUCTURE COMPOSED MOSTLY OF PROTEIN FIBERS

LOCATED BETWEEN THE EPITHELIUM AND UNDERLYING CONNECTIVE LAYER.

BINDS AND SUPPORTS THE EPITHELIUM.

A

BASEMENT LAYER

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19
Q

2 WAYS EPITHELIAL TISSUE IS CLASSIFIED

A

BASED OFF OF:

MORPHOLOGY

STRATIFICATION

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20
Q

TYPES OF EPITHELIAL TISSUE:

-SHAPED LIKE FLAT CIRCULAR DISCS (PANCAKES)

A

SQUAMOUS TISSUE

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21
Q

TYPES OF EPITHELIAL TISSUE:

SHAPED LIKE A CUBE

A

CUBOID EPITHELIUM

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22
Q

TYPES OF EPITHELIAL TISSUE:

-SHAPED LIKE A COLUMN

A

COLUMNAR EPITHELIUM

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23
Q

TYPES OF EPITHELIAL TISSUE:

-CHANGES SHAPE

A

TRANSITIONAL

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24
Q

TYPES OF EPITHELIAL TISSUE:

THIN, FLAT SHAPE ALLOWS RAIPD PASSAGE OF SUBSTANCES THROUGH THEM

KERATINIZED OR NON, DEPENDENT ON LOACATION

FOUND IN IN THE ESOPHAGUS, MOUTH AND CERVIX

A

SQUAMOUS EPITHELIUM

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25
Q

TYPES OF EPITHELIAL TISSUE:

  • TALL AS THEY ARE WIDE
  • HAVE MICROVILLI AT APICAL SURFACE
  • FUNCTION TO ABSORB OR SECRETE
  • FOUND IN SALIVARY GLANDS AND THYROID FOLLICLES
A

CUBOIDAL EPITHELIUM

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26
Q

TYPES OF EPITHELIAL TISSUE:

  • TALLER THAN THEY ARE WIDE
  • MAY HAVE CILLIA OR MICROVILLI
  • LINES ORGANS OF THE G.I TRACT, RESPIRATORY TRACT AND FALLOPIAN TUBES
A

COLUMNAR EPITHELIUM

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27
Q

TYPES OF EPITHELIAL TISSUE:

  • ABLE TO CHANGE SHAPE FROM FLAT TO CUBOIDAL AND BACK DEPENDING ON TENSION AND DISTENTION OF TISSUE.
  • EXAMPLES INCLUDE THE BLADDER.
A

TRANSITIONAL EPITHELIUM

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28
Q

TYPES OF EPITHELIAL TISSUE:

THIS TISSUE PROVIDES LOCOMOTION OF THE CELLS THEMSELVES OR CAN HELP AID IN THE MOVEMENT OF WASTE OUT OF THE BODY

A

CILIATED EPITHELIUM

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29
Q

TYPES OF EPITHELIAL TISSUE:

-INCREASES THE SURFACE AREA OF A CELL BY MAKING THE CELL 3 DIMENSIONAL AND INCREASES ABSORPTION/SECRETION.

  • HELPS ANCHOR SPERM TO EGGS.
  • HELPS WITH THE MOVEMENT OF WHITE BLOOD CELLS.
A

MICROVILLI ON EPITHELIAL TISSUE

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30
Q

TYPES OF EPITHELIAL TISSUE:

HIGHLY INSOLUABLE FIBROUS PROTEIN WITH WATER PROOFING QUALITIES AND RESISTENCE TO FRICTION.

A

KERATIN

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31
Q

KERATIN THAT IS FUSED WITH EPITHELIAL CELLS IN THE STRATUM BASALE OF THE EPIDERMIS

A

KERATINOCYTES

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32
Q

CONNECTIVE TISSUE CELLS:

  • MOST COMMON OF CONNECTIVE TISSUE CELLS.
  • MAINTAINS MOST OF THE TISSUES EXTRACELLULAR MOVEMENT
  • SYNTHESIZES AND SECRETES COLLAGEN AND ELASTIN.
A

FIBROBLASTS

33
Q

CONNECTIVE TISSUE CELLS:

FAT CELLS SPECIALIZING IN THE STORAGE OF LIPIDS AND TO HELP PRODUCE HEAT.

A

ADIPOCYTES

34
Q

CONNECTIVE TISSUE CELLS:

COMPOSED OF LOOSE CONNECTIVE TISSUES, OFTEN LOCATED NEAR SMALL BLOOD VESSELS IN THE SKIN

FUNCTION IN LOCALIZED RELEASE OF COMPOUNDS IMPORTANT TO INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE, INNATE IMMUNITY AND TISSUE REPAIR.

A

MAST CELLS

35
Q

CONNECTIVE TISSUE CELLS:

MAKES UP 25% OF ALL PROTEINS IN THE BODY

RESISTANT TO SHEAR FORCES

KEY ELEMENT OF ALL CONNECTIVE TISSUES

36
Q

CONNECTIVE TISSUE CELLS:

COMPOSED OF ELASTIN

GIVES STRENGTH AND ELASTICITY

A

ELASTIC FIBERS

37
Q

CONNECTIVE TISSUE CELLS:

COMPOSED OF GLYCOGEN AND GLYCOPROTEINS.

PROVIDE STRENGTH AND AND SUPPORT TO VESSEL WALLS

A

RETICULAR FIBERS

38
Q

CELL MEMBRANES:

LINES ENTIRE G.I., RESPIRATORY, REPORDUCTIVE AND MUCH OF THE URINARY SYSTEM.

EPITHELIAL LAYER SECRETES GOBLET CELLS.

MAIN FUNCTION IS TO KEEP CELLS FROM DRYING OUT

A

MUCOUS MEMBRANES

39
Q

CELL MEMBRANE:

LINES BODY CAVITIES THAT DONT OPEN DIRECTLY TO EXTERIOR AND COVERS ORGANS THAT LIE WITHIN THE CAVITY.

A

SEROUS MEMBRANES

40
Q

CELL MEMBRANE:

LINES JOINTS

COMPOSED OF AREOLAR CONNECTIVE TISSUE AND ADIPOSE TISSUE WITH COLLAGEN FIBERS.

NO EPITHELIAL LAYER

SECRETES SYNOVIAL FLUID

A

SYNOVIAL MEMBRANE

41
Q

INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM:

SURFACE LAYER OF SKIN COMPRISED OF EPITHELIAL TISSUE

A

EPI DERMIS

42
Q

INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM:

EPIDERMAL LAYER WHERE STEM CELLS AND NEW CELLS ARISE

A

STRATUM BASALE

43
Q

INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM:

LAYER OF EPIDERMIS WHERE CELLS BEGIN TO FLATTEN

A

STRATUM SPINOSUM

44
Q

INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM:

LAYER OF THE EPIDERMIS WHERE KERATINOCYTES BEGIN LOSING NUCLEI AND ORGANELLES AND ARE INFUSED WITH WATERPROOFING LIPIDS.

A

STRATUM GRANULOSUM

45
Q

INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM:

LAYER OF THE EPIDERMIS THAT INVOLVES THE SOLES OF THE HANDS AND FEET.

A

STRATUM LUCIDUM

46
Q

INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM:

THIS LAYER OF THE EPIDERMIS IS COMPRISED MOSTLY OF KERATINIZED CELLS AND ARE SHED, THEN REPLACED BY CELLS FROM BELOW.

A

STRATUM CORNEUM

47
Q

INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM:

LAYER OF THE SKIN LOCATED BETWEEN THE EPIDERMIS AND SUBCUTANEOUS LAYER

-COMPRISED MOSTLY OF DENSE IRREGULAR TISSUE AND FUNCTIONS AS A CUSHION FOR THE BODY FROM STRESS AND STRAIN.

48
Q

THIS LAYER OF THE DERMIS HAS THE TERMIAL CAPILLARIES , LYMPH VESSELS, AND SENSORY NEURONS ALL OF WHICH EXTEND INTO THE EPIDERMIS

A

PAPILLARY LAYER

49
Q

THIS LAYER OF THE DERMIS IS THICK, AND IS COMPRISED OF DENSE COLLAGEN, ELASTIC, AND RETICULAR FIBERS THAT WEAVE AND GIVE THIS LAYER IT’S STRENGTH.

CONTAINS HAIR, SWEAT GLANDS , NAILS AND BLOOD VESSELS.

A

RETICULAR LAYER

50
Q

INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM:

SPECIAL CELLS OF THE EPIDERMIS AND HAIR FOLLICLE.

FUNCTIONS IN THE SYNTHESIS OF MELANIN

A

MELANOCYTES

51
Q

INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM:

THIS CELL FOUND IN THE SKIN IS EXPANDED DENTRITIC ENDINGS IN EPIDERMIS OF GLABROUS SKIN THAT RESPOND TO SUSTAINED PRESSURE AND TOUCH.

SENSES TOUCH AND PRESSURE.

A

MERKEL CELLS

52
Q

THIS ACCESSORY STRUCTURE OF THE SKIN IS SOMETHING FOUND ON SKIN SURFACES EXCEPT THE PALMAR SURFACES

COMPRISED OF KERATINIZED CESLLS SURROUNDING THE FOLLICLE

PROTECTS EYES, SCALP AND NOSTRILS.

53
Q

THESE TYPES OF GLANDS IN THE SKIN RELEASE SECRETIONS DIRECTLY INTO THE BLOOD.

A

ENDOCRINE GLANDS

54
Q

THESE GLANDS OF THE SKIN RELEASE SECRETIONS ONTO AN EPITHELIAL SURFACE VIA A DUCT AND IS A MAJOR ROLE FOR DERM.

A

EXOCRINE GLANDS

55
Q

WHAT ARE SOME DERM SPECIFIC EXOCRINE GLANDS?

A

SEBACEOUS AND SUDOIFEROUS

56
Q

gLAND OF THE SKIN THAT OPENS INTO THE HAIR FOLICLE AND SECRETES AN OILY/WAXY SUBSTANCE CALLED SEBUM.

A

SEBACEOUS GLANDS

57
Q

THIS GLAND OF THE SKIN

COVERS ALL SURFACE OF THE BODY.

IS CONCENTRATED TO THE PALMS, HEAD, SOLES AND UPPER LIMBS.

SERVES AS A MAJOR THERMOREGULATOR

IS COMPRISED OF H2O AND NACL

A

SUDOIFEROUS/ECCRINE GLANDS

58
Q

THIS GLAND IS LARGELY CONFINED O THE AXILLAE, PERINEUM, AND CONCENTRATED IN HAIRY AREAS.

THE SWEAT PRODUCED FROM THESE GLANDS ARE CLOUDY, VISCOUS NAD INITIALLY ODORLESS.

DO NOT BECOME FUNCTIONAL UNTIL PUBERTY

A

APOCRINE GLANDS

59
Q

NAIL ANATOMY:

DISTAL MARGIN OF NAIL PLATE

60
Q

NAIL ANATOMY:

PORTION OF THE NAIL THAT IS VISIBLE COLORED PINK DUE TO UNDERLYING CAPILLARIES.

A

NAIL BODY/PLATE

61
Q

NAIL ANATOMY:

VISIBLE PART OF THE MATRIX; LOOKS LIKE A WHITE CRESCENT AT THE BASE OF THE NAIL PLATE.

62
Q

NAIL ANATOMY:

SEMICIRCULAR LAYER OF EPITHELIAL CELLS COVERING PROXIMAL PORTION OF THE NAIL PLATE.

63
Q

THICKENED AREA OF STRATUM CORNDUM BEATH THE FREE EDGE THAT ATTACHES THE FREE EDGE OF THE FINGERTIP.

64
Q

PROXIMAL PORTION OF THE NAIL DEEP TOT THE ROOT WHERE NEW NAILS ARE CREATED.

A

NAIL MATRIX

65
Q

PROTECTING THE DISTAT PHALANGES AND TISSUE FROM INJURIES

ENHNACING THE PRECISE AND DELICATE FINGER MOVEMENTS BY EXERTING COUNTER PRESSURE ON PULPS OF THE FINGERS WHEN GRASPING AND MANIPULATING OBJECTS.

ENABLING EXTENDED PRESCISION GRIP FOR PULLING OR SCRAPING.

A

FUNCTIONS OF THE NAIL

66
Q

HOW FAST TO FINGERNAILS GROW ?

A

3-5 MM IN A MONTH. AND IF TAKEN OUT REQUIRE 3-6 MONTHS TO REGROW COMPLETELY.

67
Q

HOW FAST DO TOENAILS GROW?

A

1.6 MM PER MONTH, AND REQUIRE 12-18 MONTS TO FULLY GROW BACK IF TAKEN OFF THE NAIL BED.

68
Q

SKIN PIGMENTATION:

-PATIENT NOT GETTING ENOUGH OXYGEN OR PERFUSION

69
Q

SKIN PIGMENTATION:

CAUSED BY BUILDUP OF BILIRUBIN

70
Q

SKIN PIGMENTATION:

DUE TO AN ENGORGEMENT OF CAPILLARIES IN THE DERMIS WITH BLOOD.

A

ERYTHEMA/RED

71
Q

SKIN PIGMENTATION:

SKIN LOOKS PALE FROM SHOCK OR ANEMIA.

A

PALLOR/PALE

72
Q

3 MAIN PIGMENTS THAT INFLUENCE SKIN COLOR.

A

MELANIN

CAROTENE

HEMOGLOBIN

73
Q

SKIN PIGMENTATION:

PRIMARY DERTERMINENT OF SKIN, HAIR AND EYE COLOR.

74
Q

SKIN PIGMENTATION:

YELLOW COLORED, LIID SOLUABLE COMPUNDS FOUND IN RED, ORANGE AND YELLOW OR GREEN FRUITS AND VEGGIES.

TOO MUCH OF THIS CAN CAUSE SKIN TO LOOK YELLOW/ORANGE IN COLOR.

IS NOT PERMANENT IF YOU STOP EATING THE VEGGIES/FRUIT CAUSING IT.

75
Q

SKIN PIGMENTATION:

IRON CONTAINING O2 TRANSPORT PROTEIN IN ERTHROCYTES

SUDDEN DROPS IN THIS CAN CAUSE PALLOR.

PROLONGING THIS LACK OF 02 TRANSPORT CAN CAUSE CYANOSIS.

A

HEMOGLOBIN

76
Q

CONDITION OF THE SKIN, EYES, AND HAIR WHERE NO MELANIN IS PRODUCED

HIGH RISK OF SKIN CANCER AND UV SENSITIVITY.

77
Q

THIS CONDITION OF THE SKIN DEALS WITH THE LOSS OF MELANOCYTES AND IS THOUGH OF AS AN AUTOIMMUNE DISORDER,

78
Q

5 SIGNS OF INFLAMMATION

A 
HYPERTHERMIA
ERYTHEMA
EDEMA
PAIN
LIMITED/LOSS OF FUNCTION

DERMATOLOGY/ INTUGEMENTARY SYSTEM (3 decks)

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