DERM Flashcards
What are Beau’s lines
Self limiting trasnverse ridges that occur on the nails
Caused by temporary interference with nail formation
Diseases: pneumonia, diseases with prolonged fever,
Clubbing causes:
CVS: cyanotic ongenital heart disease, endocarditis, atrial myxoma, aneurysms,
RESP: bronchogenic carcinoma, chronic lung suppuration, fibrosing alveolitis, mesothelioma, TB
GI: crohns, UC, cirrhosis, gi lymphoma, coeliac diseases
Rare: thyroid acropachy, oesophagel carcinoma
Idiopathic clubbing
NOT COPD !!!!!!!!!!!!!
What is a cause of hirsutism
PCOS
adrenal/ovarian tumours cushing's acromegaly congenital adernal hyperplasia androgen/costicosteroid therapy
Which drug is known to cause alopecia?
Warfarin
With which malignancy is acanthosis nigricans commonly associated with?
Gastrointestinal malignancies
PCOS obesity acromgaly Diabetes thyroid disease
With which condition is dermatitis herpetiformis associated with?
Coeliac disease
Intense, itchy blisters on elbows, knees or buttocks
With which condition is pyoderma gangrenosum associated with?
Crohns. UC
What is Steven Johnson syndrome?
Steven-Johnson syndrome is a severe form of erythema multiforme with bullous lesions and necrotic ulcers
With which condition is lupus pernio associated with?
Sarcoidosis
What is tuberous sclerosis?
An AD condition characterized by triad of cutanoues abnormalities, mental retardation and seizures
Skin lesions: ash-leaf hypopigmentation, periungual fibromata, shagreen patches, adenoma sebaceum
How will cellulitis classically present?
Pt will present with a painful, red area with a history of a cut happening in that area “gardening the other day”
OE: erythematous, oedematous, warm, indistinct margins, pyrexia
can be orbital and periorbital aswell
Which organisms commonly cause cellulitis?
Streptococcus Pyogenes
Staph Aureus
Orbital: haemophilus influenzae
What is lupus vulgaris
A cutaneous manifestation of Mycobacterium Tuberculosis
It has a classic jellylike reddish-brown glistening plaques apperance
It’s usually found on the head and neck
It keeps growing
If left untreated it can possibly turn malignant
On Bx you will see tuberculoid granulomata.
What are the 4 types of malignant melanoma and their prelevance
Superficial spreading 70% - from pre existing mole, radial expansion
Nodular 15% - de novo, agressive
Lentigo Maligna 10% - flat, on face, elderly
Acral Lentigous 5% - on palms, soles
What is Mycosis fungoides
Mycosis fungoides - looks like a fungal infection but is in fact a cutaneous T-cell lymphoma)
Often confused with psoriatic plaques on chest and back - erythematous.
Describe the classic appearance of arterial ulcers
“punched out appearance”
elliptical
well defined edges
Where are arterial ulcers found
dorsum of foot
between toes
What are common risk factors for arterial ulcers
coronary heart disease stroke/tia history DM !! Peripheral arterial diseases Obesity Immobility
Classic presentation of pt with arterial ulcer
Ulcer on dorsum of foot
WORST AT NIGHT !!!!
Generally worst when lying flat (due to a further decrease in arterial blood supply to the are)
Relieved by dangling foot over edge of bed.
Wing shaped red rash on face?
SLE
“butterfly rash”
Which drugs can commonly cause an SLE-like syndrome and present with a butterfly rash
Sulphonamides (antibiotics)
What is a nodule
A solid lump greater than 0,5cm in diameter which may be SC or intradermal
Which skin changes are typically seen in DM pts
Neuropathic ulcers
Necrobiosis lipoidica
Acanthosis Nigricans
Lipohypetrtophy
