Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Pediatrics 2 > Derm > Flashcards

Derm Flashcards

1
Q

transient vascular phenomena

A
  • first 2-3 wks of life
  • secondary to cold stress
  • resolves w/ warming of skin
  • associated w/ acrocyanosis and cutis marmorata
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

acrocyanosis

A
  • hands and feet symmetrically blue

- no edema or other cutaneous findings

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

cutis marmorata

A
  • reticulated cyanosis
  • symmetrical to trunk and extremities
  • can mimic CMTC which is persistent
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

erythema toxicum neonatum

A

-MC pustular rash
-2nd - 3rd day of life
2-3 mm erythematous, blotchy macs/paps, evolve into pustules on broad erythematous base
-“Flea bitten”**
- on face, trunk, and proximal extremities

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

transient neonatal pustular melanosis (TNPM)

A
  • MC in black males
  • usu present at birth
  • small pustules on non erythematous base
  • leave hyperpigmented macules w/ collarette of fine scale
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

acropustulosis of infancy

A
  • chronic or recurrent pustular eruption in newborn or early infancy
  • esp on palms and soles, but can be widespread
  • episodic w/ remissions q 1-3 wks but resolves by 2-3 yrs
  • significant pruritus***
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

which eruption resembles scabies?

A

acropustulosis of infancy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

miliaria crystallina

A
  • obstruction to flow of sweat (eccrine duct obstruction)

- tiny vesicles on non-inflamed skin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

miliaria rubra

A
  • small paps/vesicles or pustules w/ erythema
  • obstruction is deeper** in epidermis than crystallina
  • a response to thermal stress and resolves w/ cooling of skin
  • common in first few weeks of life secondary to eccrine duct immaturity
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

neonatal/infantile acne

A
  • avg onset 3 wks but can be delayed to 3-6 mos
  • inflammatory red paps/pustules, rarely cysts
  • tx non usu necessary but topical acne preps or ketoconazole can be used in neonates
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

suggested causes of neonatal and infantile acne

A
  • neonatal: inflammatory rxn to malassezia

- infantile: likely triggered by endogenous androgens

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

diaper dermatitis

A
  • irritant is MC
  • contact w/ irritants leads to erythema, scale and often erosion
  • intertriginous areas usu spared**
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

tx of diaper dermatitis

A
  • gentle cleansing
  • use of lubricants/barrier pastes
  • may need low potency steroid ointment
  • avoid offending agent w/ contact derm
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

diaper candidiasis

A
  • brilliant red eruption w/ sharp borders and satellite red paps or pustules
  • intertriginous areas typically involved**
  • topical antifungals to tx
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

oral candidiasis (thrush)

A
  • newborns may acquire from contact w/ vaginal tract and infants following abx tx
  • white dots or patches and plaques; rubbing of lesions leaves a red spot and occasional superficial bleeding erosions
  • MC on buccal mucosa, tongue and soft palate
  • tx: nystatin or fluconazole
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

capillary malformations

A
  • salmon patch

- port wine stain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

salmon patch

A
  • innocent pink to red macule on nape of neck (stork bite), glabella (angel’s kiss), forehead, upper eyelids, sacrum
  • if on face, usu fades during 1st year but may persist indefinitely on neck/sacrum
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

port wine stain

A
  • persist during childhood; darkens and thickens in adolescence and adulthood
  • gradual hypertrophy to underlying soft tissue
  • unilateral to head/neck MC
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

complications of port wine stain

A
  • involvement to 1st division trigeminal nerve associated w/ Sturge-Weber syndrome
  • may involve underlying meninges, cerebral cortex/eye; seizures, mental retardation, hemiplegia, glaucoma
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

tx of port wine stain

A

pulsed dye laser - recurrence possible

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

venous malformation

A
  • slow flow venous abnormality of lg dilated vascular channel
  • superficial blue or purple paps/nodules; deeper lesions w/ subtle blue hue at surface w/ compressible ropy texture
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

arteriovenous malformation

A
  • route from artery to vein, bypassing the capillary bed (uncommon)
  • fast flow anomaly
  • tense vascular mass; overlying skin is purple-ish, warmer, hair may grow faster and affected limb may be larger; possible palpable thrill or bruit
  • US or MRI to evaluate
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

infantile hemangioma

A
  • dome shaped, dull to bright red
  • generally grow over the first year, remain stable for period of months, then slowly involute spontaneously
  • most require no tx
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

involution of infantile hemangioma

A
  • streaks or islands of white appear w/i as the lession flattens
  • possible ulcerations
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

complications of infantile hemangioma

A
  • can compromise vital fxn if located near anus, urethra, airway or eyes
  • if > 5 cutaneous lesions it could indicate visceral involvement
  • associated w/ extra cutaneous syndromes (vertebral, spinal, GU abnormalities)
  • massive ones on the face/scalp have been associated with PHACE syndrome (posterior fossa brain malformations, arterial anomalies, cardiac defects, eye defects)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

mongolian spots

A
  • poorly circumscribed, gray to blue congenital macules or patches usu on trunk / proximal extremities
  • AA>Asian>Caucasian
  • no tx, usu fade by 3-5 yrs
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

epidermal nevi

A
  • most appear at brith or early infancy

- localized, linear**, verrucous, hyperpigmented plagues

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

sebaceous nevus

A
  • linear, crescent, or round hairless, yellow, smooth to cobblestone-like plaque usu on scalp*
  • benign hypertorphy and warty nodules expected around puberty
  • <1% can lead to BCC
  • elective excision can be delayed until after puberty
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

congenital pigmented nevi

A
  • pigmented macules/plaques at birth or first few mos of life
  • often develop dense hair growth
  • small dark macules/paps may appear w/i
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

giant congenital pigmented nevi

A
  • 20 cm or more

- 2-15% incidence of melanomas developing in them

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

angiofibroma

A
  • small reddish-brown paps on face

- solitary in healthy individual but numerous are associated w/ tuberous sclerosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

tuberous sclerosis

A

genodermatosis associated w/ triad of angiofibromas, epilepsy and mental retardation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

angiofibroma associaed tumors

A
  • rhabdomyoma of myocardium
  • brain tumors
  • renal tumors
  • retinal tumors
34
Q

clinical presentation of angiofibroma

A
  • can find ash leaf (hypomelanotic macules), shagreen patches (collagenoma), periungual fibromas and cafe au lait spots
  • refer to ophthalmology and imaging
35
Q

neurofibroma

A
  • soft compressible, skin colored tumors

- occurs sporadically in healthy or progressive in neurofibromatosis

36
Q

neurofibromatosis

A
  • autosomal dominant syndrome manifested by developmental changes in nervous system, bones, skin
  • NF1 is MC: many cafe-au-lait spots, axillary freckles, lisch nodules
37
Q

complications of neurofibromatosis type 1

A

-4x more likely to develop malignancies

38
Q

diagnostic criteria for neurofibromatosis type 1:

-2 or more of the following

A
  • 6 or more cafe spots
  • 2 or more neurofibromas
  • axillary or inguinal freckling
  • optic glioma
  • 2 or more lisch nodules
  • distinctive osseous lesion
  • 1st degree relative w/ NF
39
Q

atopic dermatitis / eczema

A
  • chronically recurrent, genetically influenced rash
  • associated w/ asthma and allergic rhinitis
  • pruritis is hallmark**
  • erythematous scaly paps/plaques w/ possible lichenification
  • prefers flexural surfaces
40
Q

pathophys of atopic dermatitis

A
  • overzealous immunologic rxn to various Ags

- filaggrin gene mutation leading to increase transepidermal water loss**

41
Q

management of atopic dermatitis

A
  • avoid irritants

- keep water tepid, mild cleansers, moisturize daily

42
Q

tx of atopic dermatitis

A
  • low to med potency steroids x 1-3 weeks
  • high potency if lichenification
  • elidel or protopic
  • sedating antihistamines for pruritis
  • topical/oral abx for secondary infections
  • bleach bath
43
Q

keratosis pilaris

A
  • commonly associated w/ atopic dermatitis
  • retention of scale resulting in horny follicular paps w/ erythema
  • upper arms, lower cheeks, buttocks and thighs
44
Q

tx of keratosis pilaris

A
  • emollients: urea, lactic acid, salicylic acid

- often refractory to tx

45
Q

seborrheic dermatitis

A
  • chronic symmetric erythematous, greasy scaling eruption on hair bearing and intertriginous areas
  • variable pruritis
  • infants: cradle cap
  • adolescence: dandruff
46
Q

pathogenesis of seborrheic dermatitis

A

-possibly d/t the lipophilic yeast pityrosporum ovale

47
Q

tx of seborrheic dermatitis

A
  • OTC shampoos w/ pyrithione, selenium or salicylic acid
  • antifungal shampoos/topicals
  • short term topical steroid
48
Q

tinea/pityriasis amiantacea

A
  • variant of seborrheic / atopic, or psoriasis w/ probable secondary infection of staph
  • proximal shafts of hair matted together in the scale
  • tx: anti dandruff shampoo daily and topical steroid; lubricate w/ peanut oil or keratolytic prior to shampoo
49
Q

herpangina

A
  • multiple coxackieviruses, echoviruses and enteroviruses
  • acute onset fever, HA, ST, dysphagia, anorexia, sometimes stiff neck
  • 1 or more yellowish-white vesicles in throat
50
Q

varicella

A
  • scattered pruritic red paps that evolve in approx 24 hrs to vesicles on bright red base
  • central umbilication then crusting and desquamation w/i 10 days
  • preceding fever, ST, decreased appetite, malaise
51
Q

hand foot mouth disease

A
  • highly infectious coxsackie virus
  • prodrome of fever, anorexia, ST - incubation 4-6 days
  • 3-6 mm rapidly ulcerating vesicles w/ red halo w/i mouth, hands, feet
  • lasts less than 1 week
52
Q

impetigo

A
  • group A beta hemolytic strep and or staph
  • honey colored crusted patches or bullae
  • topical or oral abx
53
Q

staph folliculitis

A
  • bacterial infection of hair follicles
  • folliculocentric red paps/pustules on inflamed base - butt, thigh, arms, axillae
  • consider MRSA
54
Q

verruca vulgaris

A

-discrete, round, skin colored papillomatous papules

55
Q

verruca plana

A

minimally pigmented flat topped paps

56
Q

verruca plantaris

A
  • bottom of foot

- multiple black dots on surface are thrombosed capillaries

57
Q

molluscum contagiosum

A
  • poxvirus
  • sharply circumscribed, superficial, pearly, dome shaped paps
  • often umbilicated
  • contagious
  • if in genital area of teens/adults its an STD
  • resolve spontaneously
58
Q

pityriasis rosea

A
  • self limited eruption of suggested viral
  • prodrome of malaise, HS, mild viral sxs
  • salmon-colored oval paps w/ fine collarette of scale - christmas tree pattern
  • start w/ single larger herald patch
59
Q

roseola infantum

A
  • surprise rash d/t HHV6
  • sudden unexplained high fever that occaisionally triggers febrile seizure and lymphadenopathy
  • at around day 4 fever drops and rash forms - morbilliform erythema of discrete macules
60
Q

measles (rubeola)

A
  • high contagious viral illness spread by respiratory droplets w/ incubation 9-12 days
  • prodrome of fever, malaise, dry cough, coryza, conjunctivitis (3 Cs)
  • Koplik spots
  • rash appears 14 days after exposure on face and spreads to trunk and LEs
61
Q

potential complications of measles

A
  • OM
  • pneumonia
  • meningitis
  • acute encephalitis
62
Q

rubella (german measles)

A
  • aka 3 day measles
  • caused by togavirus
  • prodrome: 1-5 days low grade fever, malaise, ST, HA, eye pain, runny nose
  • rash: exantheam, pink morbiliform macules, from face spreading caudally
63
Q

erythema infectiosum (fifth dz)

A
  • parvo B19
  • prodome: occasionally mild viral prodrome precedes rash by 1-2 d
  • rash: asx erythema of cheeks (slapped) then 1-4 d later, diffuse erythematous macules/pap which evolve into reticulate pattern
  • after rash clears, will often recur when exposed to heat
64
Q

gianotti crosti syndrome

A
  • flat topped 3-10 mm pink-brown edematous paps, involving arms, legs, butt, face (occasionally vesicles)
  • caused by various viruses
  • most are asx
  • eruption may last several mos
  • can be associated w/ anicteric hepatitis, lymphadenopathy, splenomengaly
65
Q

scarlet fever

A
  • fine, red, pap, sandpaper-like rash
  • starts at face/neck and generalizes to trunk/extremities
  • usu follows onset of strep pharyngitis
  • early white membrane on tongue that sheds leaving red strawberry tongue**
  • desquamation of palms/soles 2 wks after
66
Q

kawasaki dz acute phase

A
  • 10-14 days
  • abrupt onset high fever and extreme irritability
  • rash: polymorphous, macular, morbillitform, urticarial, scarlatiniform or mized
  • accentuated intertriginous w/ maceration
67
Q

kawasaki dz subacute phase

A
  • fever and rash improve
  • carditis and coronary angitis and thrombocytosis –> occulsion of vessels and cardiac events
  • widespread desquamation 1-2 weeks after clearing of rash
  • tx: IVIG
68
Q

henoch-schonlein purpura

A
  • anaphylactoid or allergic vasculitis
  • MC trigger: viral infection or strep
  • 4-8 yo males
  • palpable purpura and arthralgias MC
  • possible abd pain and renal dz
69
Q

henoch schonlein purpura rash

A

mottled palpable purpura to extensor aspects of extremitites and buttocks but may be preceded by urticarial lesions

70
Q

systemic effects of henoch schonelin purpura

A
  • scalp edema, periarticular swelling esp tp knees and ankles, abdominal colic w/ melena or frank blood stools are possible
  • hematura
  • vasculitis can involve kidneys, lungs, CNS
  • if hemature, be cautious of development of glomerular dz and renal failure
71
Q

what is the MC cause of hair loss in children?

A

tinea capitis

72
Q

tinea capitis

A
  • MC in black children
  • annular patches of mild redness and scaling w/ partial alopecia
  • hair breakage low on hair shaft –> “black dot” appearance*
73
Q

kerion

A

a less common form of tinea capitis w/ intense inflammation w/ a tender boggy nodule

74
Q

adenopathy associated w/ tinea capitis

A

occipital, post or pre auricular

75
Q

MC fungus that causes tinea capitis

A

trichophytan tonsurans (microsporum species is 2nd MC)

76
Q

alopecia areata

A
  • asx, acute onet of 1 or several round patches of complete** hair loss
  • scalp, eyebrows, eyelashes, trunk, extremities
  • t cell mediated autoimmune dz
  • no inflammation or scaling
  • “exclamation point”*** hairs
77
Q

other forms of alopeica

A
  • totalis: entire scalp

- universalis: entire body

78
Q

common associations with alopecia areata

A
  • nail pitting possible

- atopic dermatitis and other autoimmune dz (SLE, thyroid, DM, vitilitgo)

79
Q

tx of alopecia areata

A

-topical or IL steroids, local irritants, topical minoxidil, topical sensitizer and occ UV light

80
Q

trichotillomania

A
  • hair pulling
  • common in toddlers, children and adolescents
  • d/t repetitive pulling and/or twisting
  • oddly shaped patches of hair loss w/ short broken off hairs at different lengths
  • habitual, situational stress, and OCD
81
Q

traction alopecia

A
  • traumatic alopecia in young girls and women
  • hairstyles that pull tightly on hair shafts
  • can cause shaft fx and possible follicular damage
  • MC to periphery of scalp (temple and above ears)
  • permanent scarring can occur if prolonged

Pediatrics 2 (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions