Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

DSE > Derm > Flashcards

Derm Flashcards

1
Q

Basic things to consider for skin

A

Appearance: texture, hydration, sun exposure
Temperature: cold vs hot, sweating, clammy, doughy
Rash/lesions: redness, excoriations, borders, changes
Color: natural pigment- can influence tx choice

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Hx of eczema

A

Hx of allergies
Recurring rash, worse in winter mos, exacerbation by heat
“The itch that rashes”
Usually flexor/extensor surfaces, faces, hands
-Dry, erythematous, scaly patches or plaques

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Lab and work up for eczema

A

Could do KOH prep to r/o tinea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

DDx of eczema

A

Tinea
Contact dermatitis
Lichen simplex chronicus
Seborrheic dermatitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Health maintenance of eczema

A

Avoid hot water bathing
Use detergent/soap without fragrances/dyes
Keep skin lubricated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Tx/medications of eczema

A

Antihistamines for itching
Topical steroids
-Not curable, only treatable
-Choose appropriate steroid class for location
-Do not use for longer than 2 wks at a time- can cause striae
–Peds: one wk
-Occlusive dressings if needed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

F/u in eczema

A

As needed
Refer to derm if no relief
-Can cause significant skin disfigurement that can be embarrassing, esp in peds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Clinical pearls of eczema

A

Extra virgin olive oil is a great moisturizer and can be used to maintain between flare ups; apply to damp skin after bathing; add to bath water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Typical sites of eczema

A 
Face
Neck
Elbows
Wrist
Groin
Knees
Ankles
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Hx taking/PE findings of drug reactions

A 
Recent medication changes
-Think beyond new medication (pharmacy change, etc)
Symmetric cutaneous reaction
-Purpura, erythema, blisters
R/o other causes
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Lab and workup for drug reactions

A 
Usually based on HPI/PE
Bx if needed
-Cannot tell you if it is a drug reaction only
Based on severity of reaction
-CBC, CMP, cultures
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

DDx of drug reactions

A 
Contact dermatitis
Erythema multiforme
Lichen planus
Pityriasis
Urticaria
Vasculitis
SJS
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Health maintenance of drug reactions

A

Avoid causative agent

Label medical record

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Tx/medications of drug reactions

A

Antihistamine
Topical steroid
Systemic steroids
IVIG

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Hx/PE of pityriasis rosea

A

Usually acute onset, spreading over last several weeks
+/- itching
Herald patch, Christmas tree distribution
-Salmon colored, usually on trunk

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Lab and work up for pityriasis rosea

A

KOH prep to r/o tinea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

DDx of pityriasis rosea

A

Contact dermatitis
Tinea
Drug reaction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Health maintenance of pityriasis rosea

A

No known cause

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Tx/meds for pityriasis rosea

A

Usually resolves spontaneously in 6-8 wks

Sometimes topical/PO steroids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

F/u for pityriasis rosea

A

As needed

Bx if not resolving

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Hx/PE of psoriasis

A

Usually hx of similar
Worse with stress
+/- joint pain
Silver “fish scale” plaques usually on knees and elbows
Variant-punctate psoriasis, gutate psoriasis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Lab and work up of psoriasis

A

Bx to confirm

ANA usually positive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

DDx of psoriasis

A

Eczema

Lichen sclerosis chronicus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Health maintenance of psoriasis

A

None

Avoid triggers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Tx/meds of psoriasis

A

Topical steroids
Kenalog intralesional injections
UV light therapy
Biologic agents- Humira, Remicade, Embrel

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Hx/PE of herpes simplex

A

Recurrent skin lesions, usually oral or genital
Prodrome pain, itching, burning before lesion arises
Erythematous viesicles that spread
Herpetic whitlow: nail bed
Ocular: refer to ophthalmology

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Lab and work up of herpes simplex

A

Culture HSV 1 and 2

Tzanck smear

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

DDx of herpes simplex

A

Herpes zoster
Hand/foot/mouth
Chancroid (genital)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Health maintenance of herpes simplex

A

DO NOT SHARE razors

Avoid contact during outbreak

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Tx/meds for herpes simplex

A

Zovirax cream/ointment
Acyclovir, Famvir, valacyclovir
Vaccine?

31
Q

F/u for herpes simplex

A

As needed for recurrent breakouts

Maintenance therapy

32
Q

Hx/PE of molluscum contagiosum

A

Flesh colored papules with central umbilication that spread
Can be sexually transmitted
-R/o sexual abuse in peds

33
Q

Lab and work up of molluscum contagiosum

A

Bx

34
Q

DDx of molluscum contagiosum

A

Verruca

Chicken pox

35
Q

Health maintenance of molluscum contagiosum

A

Hand washing-contagious through contact

36
Q

Tx/meds of molluscum contagiosum

A

Self-limited
Retin-A: apply daily
LN2 tx
Podophylin: wash off in 1-2 hrs, repeat q2 wks prn

37
Q

Hx/PE of impetigo

A

Highly contagious Gram + bacteria

Honey crusted lesion

38
Q

Lab and diagnostic workup of impetigo

A

Culture

39
Q

DDx of impetigo

A

Erysipelas
Herpes
Folliculitis/acne

40
Q

Health maintenance of impetigo

A

Avoid contact during outbreak

Good hygiene

41
Q

Tx/meds for impetigo

A

Mupirocin
Keflex PO
Altabax

42
Q

F/u of impetigo

A

Within 1 wk to ensure clearing

43
Q

Hx/PE of erythema multiforme

A

Type IV hypersensitivity
Minor, major, SJS
Hx recent URI
Target lesions, mucous involvement, +/- palms/soles

44
Q

Lab and work up of erythema multiforme

A

CBC, CMP

Bx

45
Q

Etiology of erythema multiforme

A

EM and SJS are both caused by drugs, but infectious agents are considered to be the major cause of EM
Hx of HSV infections 1-3 wks before onset of EM
EM minor: triggered by HSV in nearly 100% of cases
EM major: herpetic etiology also accounts for 55% of cases, other infections, Mycoplasma
SJS and EM major: Drugs are found to be major cause, antibacterial sulfonamides, anticonvulsants, NSAIDs, allopurinol

46
Q

DDx of erythema multiforme

A

Granuloma annulare
Erythema migrans
Drug eruption
Viral exanthem

47
Q

Health maintenance for erythema multiforme

A

Symptomatic tx
Self-limited
Avoid causative agent
Risk of recurrence

48
Q

Tx/meds for erythema multiforme

A

Topical corticosteroids
Antivirals
Supportive measures

49
Q

F/u for erythema multiforme

A

Prophylaxis for recurrence

50
Q

Hx/PE of acne

A 
Current skin cleansing regimen
Can often be due to irritation
Recurrent breakouts on face, chest, back
Consider other underlying causes- Cushings, thyroid, etc
Comedones, pustules, cysts
51
Q

Lab and work up of acne

A

R/o underlying cause

52
Q

DDx of acne

A

MRSA
Hidradentitis supporitiva
Cushings

53
Q

Health maintenance of acne

A

Avoid skin irritants

Sometimes d/t pH imbalance- avoid acidic/alkali foods

54
Q

Tx/meds for acne

A 
Depends on severity
Topical abx/bacteriocidals
PO abx
OCP for females
Accutane- only qualified providers, +/- teratogenic, monitor lipids
55
Q

Acne f/u

A

Monthly

Maintain tx for several mos (>6 mos)

56
Q

Clinical pearls of acne

A

Always ask about it, pts don’t talk about it but it bothers them
If not resolving, think MRSA, culture

57
Q

Hx/PE of actinic keratosis

A

Non healing scaly erythematous based plaque
Sometimes heal but comes back
Face, scalp, arms

58
Q

Lab and work up of actinic keratosis

A

Bx to r/o SCC

59
Q

DDx of actinic keratosis

A

SCC/BCC
Dyshidrosis
Dermatitis

60
Q

Health maintenance of actinic keratosis

A

Sunscreen at young ages

Avoid smoking

61
Q

Tx/meds for actinic keratosis

A

Topical fluorouracil
-Apply sparingly, basically burns top layer of skin so causes redness; use in winter mos
Liquid nitro
TCA peel

62
Q

F/u of actinic keratosis

A

2 wks after start tx

Monthly/q3-6 mos

63
Q

Hx/PE of seborrheic keratosis

A

“Stuck on” hyperpigmented macules
Spreading, growing
Face, back, abdomen

64
Q

Lab and work up of seborrheic keratosis

A

Bx to r/o DN versus AK

65
Q

DDx of seborrheic keratosis

A

DN/melanoma
Actinic keratosis
Neurofibroma

66
Q

Health maintenance for seborrheic keratosis

A

Usually genetic

67
Q

Tx/meds for seborrheic keratosis

A

Lachydrinf or mild lesions

Liquid nitrogen

68
Q

F/u of seborrheic keratosis

A

As needed

69
Q

Hx/PE of cellulitis

A

Localized erythema and edema +/- tenderness
Usually underlying infection
Can be non-necrotizing which only requires local tx vs. necrotizing which requires systemic tx and close monitoring bc life-threatening

70
Q

Lab and workup of cellulitis

A

CBC, CMP

Culture

71
Q

DDx of cellulitis

A

Erysipelas (GAS)- superficial, shiny, defined borders
Necrotizing fasciitis
-Can be streptococcal or non streptococcal, determines tx
-Must suspect if rapidly progressing (24 hrs) eschar/necrosis and/or signs of sepsis (increased HR, oliguria, mental status changes)
-Life threatening
MRSA
DVT

72
Q

Health maintenance of cellulitis

A

Hygiene

Prevention

73
Q

Tx/meds for cellulitis

A

IV vs PO abx

  • In mild cases of cellulitis treated on an outpt basis: Dicloxacillin, amoxicillin, or cephalexin
  • In pts who are allergic to pcn: clindamycin or a macrolide (clarithromycin or azithromycin)
  • An initial dose of parenteral antibiotic with a long half-life (e.g., ceftriaxone) followed by an oral agent

DSE (14 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions