Derm Flashcards
What is pityriasis rosea?
A benign condition that usually presents with a herald patch, a single round or oval lesion appearing anywhere on the body. Usually about 5 to 10 days after the appearance of the herald patch, a more diffuse rash involving the upper extremities and trunk appears. These lesions are oval or round, slightly raised, and pink to brown in color. The lesion is covered in a fine scale with some central clearing possible. The rash can appear in a Christmas tree pattern on the back, identified by the aligning of the long axis of the lesions with the cutaneous cleavage lines. The rash lasts 2 to 12 weeks and can be pruritic. This rash is commonly mistaken for tinea corporis, and the consideration of secondary syphilis is important
How do scabies infections differ in infants vs older children?
Most older children and adults present with intensely pruritic and threadlike burrows in the interdigital areas, groin, elbows, and ankles; the palms, soles, face, and head are spared. Infants, however, usually present with bullae and pustules, and the areas spared in adults are often involved in infants (e.g. head)
What is erythema toxicum?
Erythema toxicum is a benign, self-limited condition of unknown etiology. It is found in about 50% of term newborns. The lesions are 2 to 3 cm erythematous macules; some have a central yellow-white pustule. Examination of the fluid from these lesions demonstrates eosinophils. This rash waxes and wanes over the first days to weeks of life. No therapy is indicated.
What are salmon patches (aka nevus simplex or nevus flammeus)?
They are flat vascular lesions that occur on the face, especially the eyelids, and over the nape of the neck and appear more prominent during crying or exercise. The lesions on the face fade over the first few years of life. Lesions found over the nuchal and occipital areas often persist. No therapy is indicated.
What is pustular melanosis?
Pustular melanosis is another benign, self-limited disease of unknown etiology of the newborn period. It is more common in blacks than in whites. These lesions are usually found at birth and consist of 1- to 2-mm pustules that result in a hyperpigmented lesion encircled by a collarette of scale upon rupture of the pustule. The pustular stage of these lesions occurs during the first few days of life, with the hyperpigmented stage lasting for weeks to months. No therapy is indicated.
What are sebaceous nevi?
Small, sharply edged lesions that occur most commonly on the head and neck of infants. These lesions are yellow-orange in color and are slightly elevated. They usually are hairless. Malignant degeneration is possible, most commonly after adolescence.
What are milia?
Milia are fine, yellowish white, 1- to 2-mm firm raised lesions scattered over the face of the neonate. They are cysts that contain keratinized material. Commonly, these lesions resolve spontaneously without therapy. Epithelial cysts on the palate are called Epstein pearls.
What is sebaceous gland hyperplasia?
Manifests as smooth white to yellow papules, usually found on an infant’s nose; as maternal androgen levels drop, the hyperplasia resolves.
What can chronic seborrheic dermatitis, often in the setting of failure to thrive be a sign of?
Langerhans cell histiocytosis
What is erythema toxicum neonatorum?
A benign rash in neonates that is asymptomatic and blotchy with erythematous papules and pustules. It can occur anywhere other than the palms and soles. Resolves spontaneously
Describe the rash of scarlet fever.
Starts as fine pink blanching papules on the neck and upper trunk that quickly generalize with fexural accentuation. The eruption is said to have a rough, sandpaper-like texture
What is the treatment of choice for tinea capitis?
Oral griseofulvin (better penetration into hair follicles)
What is the treatment for nonbullous impetigo?
Topical mupirocin
Compare the rash for measles and rubella?
Measles is confluent/partially confluent and rubella is non-confluent
