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Orgo 2 > Derm > Flashcards

Derm Flashcards

1
Q

Most common skin disease of dogs and cats?

A

Flea allergy

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2
Q

Name of the cat flea

A

Ctenocephalides felis

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3
Q

Are fleas host specific?

A

No

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4
Q

Most resistant stage of flea (IgR, vaccuuming, etc.)

A

Pupa

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5
Q

Primary flea allergy lesions?

A

papule

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6
Q

How does the primary flea allergy lesion feel?

A

Severely itchy (pruritis)

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7
Q

Three classifications of dermatophytes?

A

Geophilic, anthrophilic, zoophilic

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8
Q

M. canis host

A

cats

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9
Q

T. mentagrophytes host

A

rodents

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10
Q

M. Gypseum normal home

A

Soil

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11
Q

Risk factors for dermatophytosis

A

Warm, humid, overcrowded, young, poor nutrition, lak of sunlight, injury, depressed cell-mediated response

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12
Q

Can spores invade healthy tissue?

A

No, need microlesions

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13
Q

What type of hairs can dermatophytes only invade?

A

Growing hairs

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14
Q

What type of immunity needed to recover from dermatophytosis?

A

Cell-mediated, not humoral

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15
Q

Nail fungal infection:

A

Onychomycosis

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16
Q

What is a kerion?

A

a nodular region with draining tract, very inflammatory sometimes a mass (furunculosis of fungi)

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17
Q

Most fungal infections? (70%)

A

Microsporum canis

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18
Q

Fungal diagnosis ALWAYS based on?

A

Dermatophyte test medium (DTM)

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19
Q

Why does DTM turn red when positive?

A

Dermatophytes use proteins first and make alkaline metabolites

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20
Q

What does Griseofulvin work for?

A

Dermatophytes only, not systemic (like yeast)

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21
Q

Griseofulvin contraindicated in?

A

Cats with FIV (interferes with bone marrow)

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22
Q

Ketoconazole for what species?

A

Dogs, not cats

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23
Q

Ketoconazole potential drug interactions, why?

A

Inhibits cytochrome P450

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24
Q

Why do cats need 3 negative, sequential weekly DTM cultures before “cleared”?

A

Because they appear normal before they clear the dermatophyte infection

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25
Q

How long do you treat a large animal for dermatophytosis?

A

2 weeks past clinical cure

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26
Q

Two types of surface pyoderma:

A

Pyotraumatic dermatitis (hot spot) or skin folds (intertrigo)

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27
Q

Most common cause of pyotraumatic dermatitis?

A

Flea allergy dermatitis

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28
Q

Are hot spots a primary lesion?

A

No, there is always an underlying problem (so treat it!)

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29
Q

How do you treat superficial bacterial folliculitis and what is the primary lesion?

A

Papules/pustules, treat with systemic antibiotics for 3-4 weeks

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30
Q

What is exudative epidermatitis? What causes it?

A

Greasy pig disease (looks like scabies but they’re not itchy), staph hyicus

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31
Q

What is important about exudative epidermatitis?

A

It is very exudative and the pig can die from fluid/electrolyte loss. It triggers a massive immune response.

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32
Q

How does a deep pyoderma present?

A

Abscess/furunculosis

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33
Q

When do you culture a deep pyoderma?

A

Always

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34
Q

How do you treat a deep pyoderma?

A

6-8 weeks minimum systemic antibiotics and topicals

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35
Q

What causes canine juvenile cellulitis?

A

Immune-mediated cause, NOT bacteria

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36
Q

How do you treat canine juvenile cellulitis?

A

Steroids (like pred)

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37
Q

How often recheck cellulitis?

A

Every 4 weeks

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38
Q

List the three antibiotics OK for empirical therapy for skin?

A

1st generation cephalosporins (cephalexin), Clindamycin (mycins), Clavamox

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39
Q

What dose of antibiotics should be used for skin?

A

Highest dose possible

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40
Q

4 ways to minimize abx resistance:

A

Culture, highest dose of abx, avoid steroids, use topical therapy

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41
Q

Don’t use which antibiotics for skin (3)

A

Amoxicillin, ampicillin, penicillin

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42
Q

Which Beta-lactams should you use for skin?

A

Cephalosporin, penicillin (b-lactamase resistant), imperim, clavamox

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43
Q

How to do demodex scrapes on puppies?

A

Take samples from 5 PLACES

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44
Q

Should you use steroids with demodex?

A

NO

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45
Q

What is worrisome about juvenile-onset generalized demodex?

A

It is heritable

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46
Q

Adult-onset generalized demodex is indicative of what?

A

Underlying disease

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47
Q

How long should you continue anti-demodex therapy?

A

Until 3 consecutive negative scrapes at 2-4wk intervals

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48
Q

Demodex cati versus gatoi:

A

Narrow, long, head/neck sites, deep in body vs. Broad, short body, highly contagious

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49
Q

Which demodex treatment is highly toxic to cats?

A

Amitraz

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50
Q

Primary lesion of scabies:

A

erythematous papules

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51
Q

Is cheyletiellosis zoonotic?

A

Yes

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52
Q

Biting lice versus sucking lice morphology

A

Biting = round head, sucking = cone head

53
Q

Ectoparasite control regimen:

A

Adulticide on pet, IgR on pet, and both adulticide and IgR in environment

54
Q

IgR stable in environent?

A

Pyroproxifen

55
Q

IgR that’s UV inactivated?

A

Methoprene

56
Q

2 substances that repel fleas

A

Amitraz (toxic to cats), permethrin

57
Q

Pyrethroids are toxic to:

A

cats

58
Q

Can atopic dermatitis be hereditary in certain breeds?

A

Yes, terriers, setters, retrievers

59
Q

Age of onset atopic dermatitis?

A

1-3 years

60
Q

How do you diagnose atopic dermatitis?

A

history, clunical signs, exclusion (there is no specific test)

61
Q

Therapy for atopic dermatitis?

A

Life-long disease that is not curable, must manage it

62
Q

Are food allergies common?

A

No

63
Q

Are food allergies seasonal?

A

No

64
Q

What kind of hypersensitivity is food allergies?

A

ANY

65
Q

How big of proteins trigger a food response?

A

10,000 - 70,000 daltons

66
Q

Do food allergies respond to steroids?

A

No

67
Q

How to diagnose food allergy?

A

Food trial 2 months, rechallenge– worsening should occur in hours-7 days

68
Q

Primary lesion of contact dermatitis?

A

Maculo-papular eruption and pruritis

69
Q

How soon should contact dermatitis resolve with treatment, and how soon come back with re-exposure?

A

Resolve 7-10 days, signs come back in 1-2 days

70
Q

What type of ear infection factor is hair in ear canal?

A

Predisposing– not a diagnosis

71
Q

What type of ear infection factor is otodectes?

A

Primary– parasitic. Not predisposing

72
Q

1 cause of contact allergy while treating ear infections:

A

Propylene glycol

73
Q

4 reasons to culture the ear:

A

Rods, not responding to tx, otitis media, history of abx use

74
Q

What is a deep ear flush to break tympanic membrane called?

A

Myringotomy

75
Q

Complications of myringotomy?

A

Deafness, vestibular signs, anesthesia reactions, pain

76
Q

Min # weeks to treat otitis externa

A

4 weeks

77
Q

How often recheck ears?

A

2 weeks lol

78
Q

Min # weeks treat otitis media?

A

6 weeks

79
Q

4 ways to dx otitis media:

A

Relapsing otitis externa, abnormal/ruptured TM, RODS/biofilm, neurological signs

80
Q

Indolent ulcer caused by

A

Allergies, something constant

81
Q

How to treat indolent ulcer

A

Underlying cause and flea control

82
Q

What usually causes eosinophilic plaques?

A

Flea allergic dermatitis, it is very pruritic

83
Q

How do you know if cat alopecia is self-induced?

A

Trichogram– is hair broken (self-induced) or normal (fell out)

84
Q

4 types of cultures taken for nodular skin dz

A

Fungal, mycobacterium, anaerobic, aerobic

85
Q

4 systemic fungi

A

Blasto, Crytpo, Histo, Coccidiodo

86
Q

Subcutaneous fungi spp.?

A

Sporotrichosis (from soil)

87
Q

Why is pythiosis difficult to treat?

A

Lack ergosterol in cell walls (which is target of most drugs)

88
Q

Which breed has increased incidence of Pythiosis

A

German Shepherds

89
Q

What causes acral lick dermatitis and how do you treat it?

A

Underlying dz like pain, bacteriod, hypothyroid, allergies– treat underlying cause– don’t surgically excise it!

90
Q

Mycobacterium associated with:

A

fat cats

91
Q

What does atypical mycobacterium look like and where are the lesions? Is the patient sick?

A

Non-healing ulcers/wounds, ventral abdomen and inguinal area. P is not sick

92
Q

Nocardia, actinomycosis and actinobacillus: how sick in the patient?

A

Systemically ill

93
Q

Is seborrhea a sebaceous gland/sebum disease?

A

No, it is hyperkaratosis (thickened stratum corneum)

94
Q

2 predispositions for primary keratinization disorders:

A

very young (because hereditary), spaniels, westies

95
Q

Secondary seborrhea causes: most common spp

A

bacteria, Malassezia (yeast!)

96
Q

How severe is malassezia dermatitis?

A

10/10 god awful

97
Q

How does a yeasty animal look?

A

Ears, lips, muzzle, ventral neck, groin, azillae, perianal, brown material in nail fold or nail

98
Q

Does malassezia respond to steroids?

A

NO

99
Q

What is diagnostic of malassezia

A

Brown material building up in nail fold or nail

100
Q

Are yeast #s directly corrrelated with severity on cytology?

A

NO

101
Q

Can you use selsun blue on cats?

A

Hell naw

102
Q

What does itraconazole cause in high doses?

A

Vasculitis in dogs

103
Q

Cells associated with type 2 hypersensitivity

A

acantholytic cells

104
Q

Most common autoimmune dz in domestic animals?

A

Foliaceous

105
Q

Foliaceous looks like

A

pustular dz, scaling, hyperkeratosis

106
Q

Foliaceous directed at what part of skin

A

Superficial epidermis

107
Q

How does Foliaceous appear

A

Butterfly (face/ muzzle), no oral cavity involvement

108
Q

What must you do with foliaceous before treating how?

A

BIOPSY before STEROIDS in HIGH DOSES

109
Q

Erythematosus is an immune response against what?

A

Intercellular antigens and basement membranbes

110
Q

What does erythematosus look like?

A

Dipigmentation and ulceration of the face

111
Q

erythematosus is worse after _____

A

re-exposure

112
Q

Negative ANA test with

A

erythematosus

113
Q

Primary lesion of vulgaris

A

vesicle or bullae

114
Q

Vulgaris affects what first

A

oral cavity

115
Q

What is affected by discoid lupus erythematosus (cutaneous)

A

Face, especially nose

116
Q

discoid lupus erythematosus systemic: most common sign? Areas most affected?

A

vasculitis with ulceration and necrosis. Tips of ears and tails

117
Q

No ______ in bullous pephigold

A

acantholytic cells

118
Q

Animals with toxic epidermal necrolyis (TEN) are ______ sick and the necrosis is ____ ____

A

systemically sick, full thickness necrosis

119
Q

Necrolytic Migratory Erythema: necrosis of what? how treat?

A

Necrosis of epidermis, do not use steroids (find underlying cause)

120
Q

Folliculitis ddx (3)

A

Dermatophytes, demodex, staph

121
Q

Which is not a primary factor of otitis but rather perpetuating?

A

Bacteria

122
Q

Which is not a predisposing factor for otitis?

A

Otodectes

123
Q

How do you treat eosinophilic granuloma complex?

A

flea tx and steroids

124
Q

No $ with an acral lick granuloma, how to treat?

A

Cephalexin and flea tx

125
Q

What is not used to diagnose pemphigus?

A

IFA

126
Q

Drugs that interfere with T4 (4)

A

NSAIDs, steroids, phenobarb, sulfa drugs

127
Q

Yeast/bacteria resolve, dog not itchy but still lesions, what could it be?

A

Endocrinopathy

128
Q

Withdraw glucocorticoids how long before intradermal skin test?

A

4 weeks

129
Q

Look for demodex on microscope with ___ illumination?

A

Low

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