Derm Flashcards
1
Q
Most common skin disease of dogs and cats?
A
Flea allergy
2
Q
Name of the cat flea
A
Ctenocephalides felis
3
Q
Are fleas host specific?
A
No
4
Q
Most resistant stage of flea (IgR, vaccuuming, etc.)
A
Pupa
5
Q
Primary flea allergy lesions?
A
papule
6
Q
How does the primary flea allergy lesion feel?
A
Severely itchy (pruritis)
7
Q
Three classifications of dermatophytes?
A
Geophilic, anthrophilic, zoophilic
8
Q
M. canis host
A
cats
9
Q
T. mentagrophytes host
A
rodents
10
Q
M. Gypseum normal home
A
Soil
11
Q
Risk factors for dermatophytosis
A
Warm, humid, overcrowded, young, poor nutrition, lak of sunlight, injury, depressed cell-mediated response
12
Q
Can spores invade healthy tissue?
A
No, need microlesions
13
Q
What type of hairs can dermatophytes only invade?
A
Growing hairs
14
Q
What type of immunity needed to recover from dermatophytosis?
A
Cell-mediated, not humoral
15
Q
Nail fungal infection:
A
Onychomycosis
16
Q
What is a kerion?
A
a nodular region with draining tract, very inflammatory sometimes a mass (furunculosis of fungi)
17
Q
Most fungal infections? (70%)
A
Microsporum canis
18
Q
Fungal diagnosis ALWAYS based on?
A
Dermatophyte test medium (DTM)
19
Q
Why does DTM turn red when positive?
A
Dermatophytes use proteins first and make alkaline metabolites
20
Q
What does Griseofulvin work for?
A
Dermatophytes only, not systemic (like yeast)
21
Q
Griseofulvin contraindicated in?
A
Cats with FIV (interferes with bone marrow)
22
Q
Ketoconazole for what species?
A
Dogs, not cats
23
Q
Ketoconazole potential drug interactions, why?
A
Inhibits cytochrome P450
24
Q
Why do cats need 3 negative, sequential weekly DTM cultures before “cleared”?
A
Because they appear normal before they clear the dermatophyte infection
25
How long do you treat a large animal for dermatophytosis?
2 weeks past clinical cure
26
Two types of surface pyoderma:
Pyotraumatic dermatitis (hot spot) or skin folds (intertrigo)
27
Most common cause of pyotraumatic dermatitis?
Flea allergy dermatitis
28
Are hot spots a primary lesion?
No, there is always an underlying problem (so treat it!)
29
How do you treat superficial bacterial folliculitis and what is the primary lesion?
Papules/pustules, treat with systemic antibiotics for 3-4 weeks
30
What is exudative epidermatitis? What causes it?
Greasy pig disease (looks like scabies but they're not itchy), staph hyicus
31
What is important about exudative epidermatitis?
It is very exudative and the pig can die from fluid/electrolyte loss. It triggers a massive immune response.
32
How does a deep pyoderma present?
Abscess/furunculosis
33
When do you culture a deep pyoderma?
Always
34
How do you treat a deep pyoderma?
6-8 weeks minimum systemic antibiotics and topicals
35
What causes canine juvenile cellulitis?
Immune-mediated cause, NOT bacteria
36
How do you treat canine juvenile cellulitis?
Steroids (like pred)
37
How often recheck cellulitis?
Every 4 weeks
38
List the three antibiotics OK for empirical therapy for skin?
1st generation cephalosporins (cephalexin), Clindamycin (mycins), Clavamox
39
What dose of antibiotics should be used for skin?
Highest dose possible
40
4 ways to minimize abx resistance:
Culture, highest dose of abx, avoid steroids, use topical therapy
41
Don't use which antibiotics for skin (3)
Amoxicillin, ampicillin, penicillin
42
Which Beta-lactams should you use for skin?
Cephalosporin, penicillin (b-lactamase resistant), imperim, clavamox
43
How to do demodex scrapes on puppies?
Take samples from 5 PLACES
44
Should you use steroids with demodex?
NO
45
What is worrisome about juvenile-onset generalized demodex?
It is heritable
46
Adult-onset generalized demodex is indicative of what?
Underlying disease
47
How long should you continue anti-demodex therapy?
Until 3 consecutive negative scrapes at 2-4wk intervals
48
Demodex cati versus gatoi:
Narrow, long, head/neck sites, deep in body vs. Broad, short body, highly contagious
49
Which demodex treatment is highly toxic to cats?
Amitraz
50
Primary lesion of scabies:
erythematous papules
51
Is cheyletiellosis zoonotic?
Yes
52
Biting lice versus sucking lice morphology
Biting = round head, sucking = cone head
53
Ectoparasite control regimen:
Adulticide on pet, IgR on pet, and both adulticide and IgR in environment
54
IgR stable in environent?
Pyroproxifen
55
IgR that's UV inactivated?
Methoprene
56
2 substances that repel fleas
Amitraz (toxic to cats), permethrin
57
Pyrethroids are toxic to:
cats
58
Can atopic dermatitis be hereditary in certain breeds?
Yes, terriers, setters, retrievers
59
Age of onset atopic dermatitis?
1-3 years
60
How do you diagnose atopic dermatitis?
history, clunical signs, exclusion (there is no specific test)
61
Therapy for atopic dermatitis?
Life-long disease that is not curable, must manage it
62
Are food allergies common?
No
63
Are food allergies seasonal?
No
64
What kind of hypersensitivity is food allergies?
ANY
65
How big of proteins trigger a food response?
10,000 - 70,000 daltons
66
Do food allergies respond to steroids?
No
67
How to diagnose food allergy?
Food trial 2 months, rechallenge-- worsening should occur in hours-7 days
68
Primary lesion of contact dermatitis?
Maculo-papular eruption and pruritis
69
How soon should contact dermatitis resolve with treatment, and how soon come back with re-exposure?
Resolve 7-10 days, signs come back in 1-2 days
70
What type of ear infection factor is hair in ear canal?
Predisposing-- not a diagnosis
71
What type of ear infection factor is otodectes?
Primary-- parasitic. Not predisposing
72
#1 cause of contact allergy while treating ear infections:
Propylene glycol
73
4 reasons to culture the ear:
Rods, not responding to tx, otitis media, history of abx use
74
What is a deep ear flush to break tympanic membrane called?
Myringotomy
75
Complications of myringotomy?
Deafness, vestibular signs, anesthesia reactions, pain
76
Min # weeks to treat otitis externa
4 weeks
77
How often recheck ears?
2 weeks lol
78
Min # weeks treat otitis media?
6 weeks
79
4 ways to dx otitis media:
Relapsing otitis externa, abnormal/ruptured TM, RODS/biofilm, neurological signs
80
Indolent ulcer caused by
Allergies, something constant
81
How to treat indolent ulcer
Underlying cause and flea control
82
What usually causes eosinophilic plaques?
Flea allergic dermatitis, it is very pruritic
83
How do you know if cat alopecia is self-induced?
Trichogram-- is hair broken (self-induced) or normal (fell out)
84
4 types of cultures taken for nodular skin dz
Fungal, mycobacterium, anaerobic, aerobic
85
4 systemic fungi
Blasto, Crytpo, Histo, Coccidiodo
86
Subcutaneous fungi spp.?
Sporotrichosis (from soil)
87
Why is pythiosis difficult to treat?
Lack ergosterol in cell walls (which is target of most drugs)
88
Which breed has increased incidence of Pythiosis
German Shepherds
89
What causes acral lick dermatitis and how do you treat it?
Underlying dz like pain, bacteriod, hypothyroid, allergies-- treat underlying cause-- don't surgically excise it!
90
Mycobacterium associated with:
fat cats
91
What does atypical mycobacterium look like and where are the lesions? Is the patient sick?
Non-healing ulcers/wounds, ventral abdomen and inguinal area. P is not sick
92
Nocardia, actinomycosis and actinobacillus: how sick in the patient?
Systemically ill
93
Is seborrhea a sebaceous gland/sebum disease?
No, it is hyperkaratosis (thickened stratum corneum)
94
2 predispositions for primary keratinization disorders:
very young (because hereditary), spaniels, westies
95
Secondary seborrhea causes: most common spp
bacteria, Malassezia (yeast!)
96
How severe is malassezia dermatitis?
10/10 god awful
97
How does a yeasty animal look?
Ears, lips, muzzle, ventral neck, groin, azillae, perianal, brown material in nail fold or nail
98
Does malassezia respond to steroids?
NO
99
What is diagnostic of malassezia
Brown material building up in nail fold or nail
100
Are yeast #s directly corrrelated with severity on cytology?
NO
101
Can you use selsun blue on cats?
Hell naw
102
What does itraconazole cause in high doses?
Vasculitis in dogs
103
Cells associated with type 2 hypersensitivity
acantholytic cells
104
Most common autoimmune dz in domestic animals?
Foliaceous
105
Foliaceous looks like
pustular dz, scaling, hyperkeratosis
106
Foliaceous directed at what part of skin
Superficial epidermis
107
How does Foliaceous appear
Butterfly (face/ muzzle), no oral cavity involvement
108
What must you do with foliaceous before treating how?
BIOPSY before STEROIDS in HIGH DOSES
109
Erythematosus is an immune response against what?
Intercellular antigens and basement membranbes
110
What does erythematosus look like?
Dipigmentation and ulceration of the face
111
erythematosus is worse after _____
re-exposure
112
Negative ANA test with
erythematosus
113
Primary lesion of vulgaris
vesicle or bullae
114
Vulgaris affects what first
oral cavity
115
What is affected by discoid lupus erythematosus (cutaneous)
Face, especially nose
116
discoid lupus erythematosus systemic: most common sign? Areas most affected?
vasculitis with ulceration and necrosis. Tips of ears and tails
117
No ______ in bullous pephigold
acantholytic cells
118
Animals with toxic epidermal necrolyis (TEN) are ______ sick and the necrosis is ____ ____
systemically sick, full thickness necrosis
119
Necrolytic Migratory Erythema: necrosis of what? how treat?
Necrosis of epidermis, do not use steroids (find underlying cause)
120
Folliculitis ddx (3)
Dermatophytes, demodex, staph
121
Which is not a primary factor of otitis but rather perpetuating?
Bacteria
122
Which is not a predisposing factor for otitis?
Otodectes
123
How do you treat eosinophilic granuloma complex?
flea tx and steroids
124
No $ with an acral lick granuloma, how to treat?
Cephalexin and flea tx
125
What is not used to diagnose pemphigus?
IFA
126
Drugs that interfere with T4 (4)
NSAIDs, steroids, phenobarb, sulfa drugs
127
Yeast/bacteria resolve, dog not itchy but still lesions, what could it be?
Endocrinopathy
128
Withdraw glucocorticoids how long before intradermal skin test?
4 weeks
129
Look for demodex on microscope with ___ illumination?
Low
