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Dad 4 test 5 > Derm > Flashcards

Derm Flashcards

1
Q

Macule

A

flat, non-palpable lesions

represent a change in color or surface texture

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2
Q

Papule

A

elevated lesions

ex. nevi, warts, insect bites, acne , skin cancers

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3
Q

Plaques

A

palpable lesions
elevated above the skin surface
ex. psoriasis and granuloma annulare

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4
Q

Vesicles

A

small clear serous filled blisters
superficial, not with in the dermis
ex. herpes, chicken pox, acute allergic contact dermatitis

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5
Q

Bullae

A

clear fluid filled blisters
bigger than vesicles
may form within the epidermis or between the epidermis and dermis
ex. chemical damage or physical damage,

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6
Q

Pustules

A

elevated lesions that contain pus

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7
Q

Wheal

A

irregular superficial raised area of the skin
transient in nature
fluid is within the extravascular space

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8
Q

urticaria

A

wheals or hives
elevated lesions caused by localized edema
ex. HSR, stings or bites

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9
Q

Nodules

A

solid circumscribed elevated mass that is deep and firm in the dermis

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10
Q

scales

A

accumulation of horny epithelium

ex. psoriasis, seborrheic dermatitis, fungal infections

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11
Q

crusts

A

dried serum, blood, or pus

ex. impetigo, small pox

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12
Q

erosions

A

open areas of skin that result from a loss of Epidermis

follow rupture of a bulla or vesicle

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13
Q

exoriation

A

loss of epidermis
linear erosin
hollowed out crusted area
ex. scratch, scabies, abrasion

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14
Q

Petechiae

A

circumscribed area of blood
small
ex. platelet abnormalities, vasculitis, infection (rocky mountain spotted fever, rickettsioses)

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15
Q

Purpura

A

non blanching purple discoloration of the skin
non palpable
inflammation within BV

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16
Q

comedone

A

Can be opened (black head)
or closed (white head)
beneath surface of the skin
can lead to formation of pustule or papule

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17
Q

cyst

A

encapsulated deep seated mass filled with liquid or semisolid
appear in very severe acne
have a poor within the center

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18
Q

tumor

A

elevated solid lesion
deeper in dermis than papule
larger than 2 cm in diameter

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19
Q

fissure

A

linear crack or break from the epidermis to the dermis

can be moist or dry

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20
Q

ulcer

A

concave, loss of epidermis and dermis

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21
Q

decubitis ulcer/ pressure sore

A

forms when person sits in one position for a long time

ischemic ulcers from pressure or shearing forces

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22
Q

telangiectasia

A

fine irregular lines produced from capillary dilation

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23
Q

atrophy

A

thinning of skin surface
skin looks thin and paper like
ex. corticosteroids

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24
Q

lichenification

A

thickening od epidermis
skin looks dry and leathery
ex. chronic dermatitis

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25
Q

Desquamation

A

normal process removing outer layer of epidermis

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26
Q

annular

A

refers to a circular border of a lesion

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27
Q

diffuse border

A

lesion with an irregular border

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28
Q

keloid

A

specialized scar–> overgrowth of tissue at the site of injury
firm, rubbery lesions or shiny fibrous nodules

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29
Q

erythematous

A

redness of skin caused by dilation of capillaries

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30
Q

non infectious diseases

A 
Acne
eczema
psoriasis
atopic/seborrheic dermatitis
contact dermatitis
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31
Q

infectious diseases

A

bacterial, viral, fungal and ectoparasites SSTI
bites
wounds
burns

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32
Q

ceramide

A

waxy lipids that hold skin cells together..

dry skin is lacking these

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33
Q

high sebaceous gland activity

A

acne, cradle cap, seborrheic dermatitis (0-1)
acne, seborrheic dermatitis (12-20)
rosacea (30-50)

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34
Q

low sebaceous gland activity

A

dry skin

ages 1-8, >65

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35
Q

causes of acne

A

overproduction of the sebum
irregular shedding of skin cells
buildup of bacteria

36
Q

Benzoyl peroxide

A

peeling agents
can be used with retinoids
2nd line
OTC

37
Q

Topical retinoids

A

Tretinoin
Adapalene
Tazarotene

MOA: inc turnover of follicular epithelial cells and causes extrusion of comedones
Anti-inflammatory

38
Q

Oral Retinoids

A

isotretinoin

39
Q

Treatment of Mild Acne with Black heads and white heads

A

1) Retinoid
4-8 weeks
2) Benzoyl peroxide or topical antibiotic and consider increasing the dose of retinoid

40
Q

Treatment of Mild acne with pustules/ papules

A

1) retinoid or topical antibiotics or both
2) retinoid with or without topical antibiotics or Benzoyl peroxide
3) use combination therapy of the above or add oral antibiotic (3 month trial)
4) women who aren’t candidates for accutane use Oral contraceptive or spironolactone

41
Q

Treatment of Moderate acne with pustules/papules/nodules

A

1) topical antibacterials (sulfacetamine and sulfur or other topical antibiotic with benzoyl peroxide with or without oral antibiotics
2) if after 8 weeks acne not controlled add retinoid
3a) if prescription fails use accutane
3b) if women aren’t candidates for accutane use oral contraceptives or spironolactone

42
Q

Treatment of Severe acne with papules/pustules/nodules

A

1a) if minimal scarring use topical antibacterials (sulfacetamine and sulfur or other topical antibiotic with benzoyl peroxide with or without oral antibiotics
1b) if scarring use accutane
2) most women relapse after second course of accutane use oral contraceptives or spironolactone

43
Q

Topical treatments for rosacea

A

Azelaic acid
metronidazole
benxoyl peroxide

44
Q

oral antibiotics for rosacea

A

tetracycline
minocycline- take with food to min ADR
doxycycline- Take with food to min ADR
erythromycin

ADR: stomach discomfort, N/V/D, sore mouth or tongue

45
Q

Azelaic acid

A

kills P. acnes, Staph epidermidis
inhibits protein synthesis
ADR: pruritus, burning, stinging, tingling

46
Q

metronidazole

A

used when there are pustules and papules and redness

ADR: metallic taste, burning, skin irritation, dryness, pruritus

47
Q

isotretinoin

A

used for severe rosacea
improves edema, erythema, decreases sebaceous gland activity and oily skin
ADR: depression, suicidal thoughts, bone or joint pain, skin infection, rash, birth defects if taken during pregnancy

48
Q

psoriasis

A

red, scaly, sharply demarcated plaques in different sizes and shapes

49
Q

potent topical corticosteroids

A

use BID
don’t exceed 2g daily to avoid adrenal suppression
ADR: thinning of the skin, striae, telangiectasia, temporary loss of pigment

50
Q

Topical vitamin D analogs

A

Calcipotriene

regulates the normal growth and production of kertinocytes
ADR: burning, stinging, skin irritation

51
Q

Tar derivatives- shampoos

A

used to loose and soften scales and crusts

ADR: dermatitis, allergic sensitization, photosensitivity

52
Q

Anthralin

A

topical for chronic psoriasis
MOA: inhibits DNA synthesis, decreases epidermal mitosis
DI: long term use of corticosteroids
ADR: contact allergic reactions

53
Q

Immunomodulators

A

used for severe psoriasis

1) T cell inhibitors
- Alefacept
- Eflaizumab
2) TNF inhibitors
- Etanercept
- Infliximab
- Adalimumab
3) IL-12, IL-23 inhibitors
- Ustekinumab

54
Q

Phototherapy

A

UVB may improve mild to moderate psoriasis symptoms

oral or topical psoralens used as photochemotherapy?

55
Q

Eczema

A

skin problems of :

  • dryness
  • redness
  • crusting
  • cracking
  • blistering
  • oozing
  • thickening of the skin
56
Q

Tacrolimus

A

MOA: inhibition of early activation of T lymphocytes and suppression of IL mediated itching
DI: CYP 3A4 inhibitors, Antiarrhythmic agents, Alcohol
ADR: stinging, burning, itching, soreness, HA, acne, folliculitis, stomach upset, flu like symptoms
Used for atopic dermatitis

57
Q

Pimecrolimus

A

MOA: inhibition of early activation of T lymphocytes and suppression of IL mediated itching
DI: CYP 3A4 inhibitors, Antiarrhythmic agents, Alcohol
ADR: stinging, burning, itching, soreness, HA, acne, folliculitis, stomach upset, flu like symptoms
Used for atopic dermatitis

58
Q

primary irritant contact dermatitis

A 
inflammation of the skin 
nonspecific response of the skin
usually located on the hands
characterized by burning, pruritus, pain
skin looks dry and fissured
less distinct boarders
59
Q

allergic contact dermatitis

A

inflammation of the skin
nonspecific response of the skin
exposed areas of the skin, usually the hands
characterized by pruritus
skin has vesicles and bullae
there are distinct boarders, lines and angles

60
Q

Domeboro

A

used as an astringent for temporary relief of minor skin irritations

61
Q

Lichen simplex chronicus

A

chronic itching or scaling of the skin
skin can become thick and leathery
Use topical corticosteroids and oral antihistamins to treat

62
Q

photosensitivity

A

cutaneous disease: effects of sunlight and drug

63
Q

phototoxicity

A

drug is activated by exposure to sunlight

goes away when you stop taking drug

64
Q

photoallergy

A

UV exposure changes the structure of the drug, the body then recognizes it as an antigen and there is an allergic response with inflammation of the skin in sun exposed areas

65
Q

seborrheic dermatitis

A

affects the scalp, face, upper chest, back and other oily areas of the body

cause: fungus that grows in sebum secretions on the skin

lamisil can be used if infection is over large portion of the body

66
Q

Pyrethrin

A

OTC for lice

MOA: inhibition of hydrolytic enzymes

67
Q

Permethrin

A

OTC for lice or scabies
Drug of choice
MOA: delayed repolarization of neuronal cell membranes of parasite

68
Q

Lidocain

A

Rx for lice or scabies
don’t recommend if patient weighs less than 110 pounds
don’t use during pregnancy, breastfeeding, HIV, or for those with seizures
ADR: Seizures, skin irritation

69
Q

Benzyl alcohol

A

Rx for lice
don’t use in children under 6
ADR: skin, scalp, eye irritation, seizure, coma, death

70
Q

Natroba

A

Rx for lice
MOA: enhances nicotinic acetycholine–> paralysis of parasite
AADR: skin and eye irritation

71
Q

crotamiton

A

Rx for scabies

72
Q

impetigo

A 
caused by: Staph aureus and group A beta hemolytic strep
red sore--> ruptures--> oozes--> honey colored scab
located around nose and mouth
Treatment:
- bacitracin
-polymixin
-neomycin
-mupirocin
-retapamulin
73
Q

Tinea versicolor

A 
M. furfur
creates an uneven pigment
treated with:
- ketoconazole
-slenium sulfide
-zinc pyrithione
-antifungal creams
74
Q

Tinea cruris

A

Jock itch

Treated with Azoles, allylamines (griseofluvin)

75
Q

Tinea capitis

A

Head
Oral medications are used to treat
griseofluvin, terbinafine, itraconazole

76
Q

Tinea pedis

A

Feet
OTC: miconazole, clotrimazole, tolnafitate
Rx: ketoconazole, terbinafine, buternafine

77
Q

Tinea corporis

A

Body

OTC and oral medications can be used depending on the spread of the fungus

78
Q

onychomycosis

A

nail fungus
Oral medication is most effective
terbinafine, itraconazole, fluconazole, Griseofulvin
nail laquer- ciclopirox

79
Q

Cold sores

A

Herpes simplex 1
contagious skin to skin contact
usually clears up on its on in a few weeks
Topical treatments: lidocaine, benzocaine, doconazole
Oral: Ovir drugs can also be used

80
Q

Varicella

A

incubation period 10-21 days
contagious for 1-2 days before rash appears
acetaminophen and ibuprofen can be used

81
Q

Herpes zoster

A

painful rash
inflammation of nerves
Therapy: NSAIDs, Ovir drugs (within the first 72 hours of shingle rash)

82
Q

pityriasis rosea

A

scaly rash
Ovir drugs
Itch relievers
phototherapy

83
Q

UV wavelengths that cause sunburn and cancer

A

UVB 290-320 nm (penetrate epidermis)

UVA 320-400 nm (penetrate dermis)

84
Q

Broad spectrum sunscreens

A

block UVA and UVB
chemical or physical barrier to sunlight
ADR: contact dermatitis, milaria, folliculitis

85
Q

Sunburn treatments

A

1) cool water or burrows solution
2) emollients
3) NSAIDs (Rx- not helpful after 24-48 hours)
4) corticosteroids (Rx- not helpful after 24-48 hours)
5) analgesic rubs
- menthol
- methylsalicylate
- cayenne pepper
- diclofenac patches/ creams (Rx)

Dad 4 test 5 (2 decks)

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