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skin class > Derm 1: hx, exam, lesions, dx techniques > Flashcards

Derm 1: hx, exam, lesions, dx techniques Flashcards

1
Q

what is the difference between a primary and secondary lesion?

A

primary: direct manifestation of a disease process

secondary: lesions that evolve from a primary lesion

some lesions can be both primary and secondary

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2
Q

what is a macule? is it primary or secondary?

A

flat area of colour change <1cm diameter

primary

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3
Q

what is a papule? is it primary or secondary?

A

circumscribed elevated lesion <1cm diameter

primary

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4
Q

what is a patch? is it primary or secondary?

A

flat area of colour change >1cm diameter

primary

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5
Q

what is a pustule? is it primary or secondary?

A

circumscribed elevated lesion filled with pus

primary

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6
Q

what is a plaque? is it primary or secondary?

A

flat-topped, raised skin lesion >1cm diameter

idk it actually doesn’t say in the notes

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7
Q

what is a vesicle? is it primary or secondary?

A

thin-walled fluid filled lesion <1cm diameter

primary

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8
Q

what is a bulla? is it primary or secondary?

A

thin walled fluid filled lesion >1cm diameter

primary

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9
Q

what is a nodule? is it primary or secondary?

A

solid mass >1cm diameter

primary

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10
Q

what is a wheal? is it primary or secondary?

A

flat, firm, raised, emematous lesion; larger and coalescing wheals create angioedema (basically, they’re hives)

primary

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11
Q

what is a cyst? is it primary or secondary?

A

epithelial lined cavity containing fluid, cellular, follicular, or sebaceous debris

primary

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12
Q

what is alopecia? is it primary or secondary?

A

aka hypotrichosis

decreased amount of hair/fur

can be both primary or secondary

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13
Q

what is a scale? is it primary or secondary?

A

fragments of surface epithelium

can be both primary or secondary

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14
Q

what is a crust? is it primary or secondary?

A

accumulation of cellular debris (pus, blood, keratinocytes)

can be primary or secondary

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15
Q

what is a follicular cast? is it primary or secondary?

A

keratinous debris adhered to proximal hair shaft

can be primary or secondary

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16
Q

what is a comedone? is it primary or secondary?

A

dilated and plugged hair follicles

can be primary or secondary

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17
Q

what is hypopigmentation? is it primary or secondary?

A

decreased epidermal melanin

can be primary or secondary

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18
Q

what is hyperpigmentation? is it primary or secondary?

A

increased epidermal melanin

can be primary or secondary

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19
Q

what is eukoderma? is it primary or secondary?

A

white skin

can be primary or secondary

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20
Q

what is leukotrichia? is it primary or secondary?

A

white fur

can be primary or secondary

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21
Q

what is melanoderma? is it primary or secondary?

A

dark skin

can be primary or secondary

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22
Q

what is melanotrichia? is it primary or secondary?

A

dark dur

can be primary or secondary

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23
Q

what is an epidermal collarette? is it primary or secondary?

A

circular alopecic lesion with peripheral scale and develops from ruptured pustule or bulla

secondary

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24
Q

what is a scar? is it primary or secondary?

A

fibrous tissue that has taken the place of dermis and subcutis

secondary

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25
Q

what is excoriation? is it primary or secondary?

A

erosion or ulcerations from self-trauma

secondary

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26
Q

what is erosion? is it primary or secondary?

A

partial thickness epidermal defect (not to level of dermis)

secondary

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27
Q

what is an ulcer? is it primary or secondary?

A

full thickness epidermal defect (to level of dermis)

secondary

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28
Q

what is lichenification? is it primary or secondary?

A

thickened, elephant-like skin, usually also hyper pigmented

secondary

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29
Q

what is a callus? is it primary or secondary?

A

hyperplastic, thickened, alopecic lesions typically on pressure points

secondary

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30
Q

What is this lesion? What are the top ddx?

A

erythema (reddening of skin)

ddx are anything that can cause inflammation
top ones: allergic inflammation, yeast dermatitis (malasseziasis), bacterial overgrowth

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31
Q

what is this lesion? what are the top ddx?

A

hypopigmentation

immune-mediated (DLE), vitiligo, uveodermatologic syndrome, cutaneous lymphoma, post-inflammatory, senile

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32
Q

what is this lesion? what are the top ddx?

A

hyperpigmentation

post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation, lentigo, melanoma, viral plaques, endocrine dz, senile

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33
Q

what is this lesion? what are the top ddx?

A

leukotrichia

vitiligo, alopecia areata, uveodermatologic syndrome, post-inflammatory, endocrinopathies, senile

34
Q

what is this lesion? what are the top ddx?

A

papules

allergic dermatitis, bacterial folliculitis, demodicosis, dermatophytosis, parasitic, actinic disease, drug reaction, immune-mediated disease (pemphigus - early in disease)

35
Q

what is this lesion? what are the top ddx?

A

pustules

bacterial pyoderma, ectoparasites (demodicosis, scabies), pemphigus foliaceus, pustular dermatophytosis, sterile eosinophilic pustulosis, pustular drug eruption, impetigo, sub corneal pustular dermatosis, pyoderma gangrenosum

36
Q

what is this lesion? what are the top ddx?

A

plaques

infectious dermatoses (pyoderma, dermatophytosis), eosinophilic plaques (feline), calcinosis cutis, viral plaques, solar disease, neoplastic conditions, sterile granuloma/pyogranuloma syndrome, sterile panniculitis

37
Q

what is this lesion? what are the top ddx?

A

vesicle/bulla

bullus pemphigoid, systemic lupus, vesicular cutaneous lupus, drug reaction, contact dermatitis, junctional epidermolysis bullosa, epidermal bulls acquista, mucous membrane pemphigoid, mucinosis

38
Q

what is this lesion? what are the top ddx?

A

nodule

deep pyoderma, demodicosis, dermatophytosis, nocardiosis, mycobacterial disease, actinomyces, deep fungal infections, sterile nodular penniculitis, sterile granuloma/pyogranuloma syndrome, histiocytic disease, lupus disorders, neoplasia, nodular dermatofibrosis, follicular cysts, calcinosis cutis

39
Q

what is this lesion? what are the top ddx?

A

wheal, hives, urticaria (all mean the same thing) + angioedema

usually an acute allergic reaction

40
Q

what is this lesion? what are the top ddx?

A

alopecia

most inflammatory dermatologic diseases can cause hair loss in association with other lesions. non-inflammatory alopecia describes alopecia without other inflammatory lesions where the main clinical finding is the hair loss

top ddx for non-inflammatory alopecia: hyperadrenocorticism, hypothyroidism, sex hormone disorders, alopecia aerate, recurrent flank alopecia, follicular dysplasia, color dilution alopecia, injection reaction, pattern baldness, allergies (cats), anlagen and telogen defluxion, post-clipping alopecia, traction alopecia

41
Q

what is this lesion? what are the top ddx?

A

crusts

pyoderma, secondary to any pruritic disease (ex. allergies), demodicosis, scabies, pemphigus foliaceus, seborrhoea, superficial necrolytic dermatitis, Zn-responsible dermatosis

42
Q

what is this lesion? what are the top ddx?

A

Scales

seborrhoea, ichthyosis, scabies, cutaneous lymphoma, nearly any form of inflammation

43
Q

what is this lesion? what are the top ddx?

A

comedones

chin acne, demodicosis, ringworm, encrinopathies, Sphynx cats, hairless dogs, Schnauzer comedones syndrome, seborrheic conditions

44
Q

what is this lesion? what are the top ddx?

A

lichenification

assoc with chronic inflammation and trauma

45
Q

what is this lesion? what are the top ddx?

A

calluses

caused by repeated skin trauma at a pressure point

46
Q

what is this lesion? what are the top ddx?

A

follicular casts

sebaceous identities, vit A responsive dermatitis, seborrhoea, demodicosis, dermatophytosis

47
Q

what is this lesion? what are the top ddx?

A

erosion/ulceration

so many things lmao, he doesn’t list them in the notes so im not gonna bother learning them all

48
Q

what is this lesion? what are the top ddx?

A

epidermal collarette

pyoderma, impetigo, pemphigus folieaceus, demodicosis, dermatophytosis

49
Q

what is this lesion? what are the top ddx?

A

excoriation

self-induced secondary to prutitis (literally scratches). consider all pruritic conditions

50
Q

differentials based on body location: nasal planum

A

discoid lupus erythematous, mucocutaneous pyoderma, pemphigus erythematous, pemphigus foliaceus, uveodermatologic syndrome, vitiligo, cutaneous lymphoma, squamous cell carcinoma (esp in cats), idiopathic nasodigital hyperkeratosis, parasympathetic nose

51
Q

differentials based on body location: muzzle

A

demodicosis, dermatophytosis, pemphigus foliaceous, allergic disease, canine eosinophilic furunculosis, feline mosquito bite hypersensitivity, DLE, cutaneous lymphoma, squamous cell carcinoma

52
Q

differentials based on body location: pinnae

A

scabies, vasculitis, pineal margin seborrhoea, insect bite dermatitis (esp mosquito bite hypersensitivity in cats), atopy, Zn-responsive, sebaceous adenitis

53
Q

differentials based on body location: perioral and periocular

A

atopy, Zn-responsive dermatosis, mucocutaneous pyoderma, feline rodent ulcer, infections (Staph, Malassezia), pemphigus foliaceus, mucocutaneous lupus, DLE, cutaneous lymphoma, SCC

54
Q

differentials based on body location: paw pad (crusting/hyperkeratosis)

A

pemphigus foliaceus, leishmania, cutaneous lymphoma, benign hyperkeratotic conditions, Zn-responsive dermatosis, plasma cell pododermatitis in cats, hookworm dermatitis, hepatocutaneous syndrome

55
Q

differentials based on body location: interdigital

A

canine atopic dermatitis, canine food allergy, pedal furunculosis, foreign bodies, yeast dermatitis, interdigital cysts

56
Q

differentials based on body location: face in cats

A

feline atopic skin syndrome, feline food allergy, D. gatoi, flea allergy dermatitis, herpes viral dermatitis, pemphigus foliaceus, eosinophilic granuloma complex, mosquito bite hypersensitivity, SCC, Bowens disease

57
Q

differentials based on body location: dorsum

A

pyoderma, flea allergy dermatitis, pediculosis, cheyletiellosis, sebaceous adenines, pemphigus foliaceus

58
Q

what is diascopy?

A

a slide is pressed over an erythematous lesion and is observed for blanching.

blanching is due to vascular engorgement and in most inflammatory processes

non-blanching indicates hemorrhage into the skin and can indicate more serious diseases

59
Q

what is Nikolsky sign?

A

pressure is applied to a vesicular lesion or at the edge of an erosive or ulcerative lesion. it is possible if the outer layers of the skin are easily pushed away and can indicate pemphigus vulgaris, sub epidermal blistering diseases, toxic epidermal necrolysis/Stevens Johnson syndrome, and erythema multiforme

60
Q

what does a positive Wood’s lamp test mean?

A

dermatophytosis

61
Q

What organism is this?

A

Microsporum canis (dermatophyte)

fluffy, white, raised, cottony

62
Q

What organism is this?

A

Microsporum gypseum (dermatophyte)

flat, cream to tan, granular

63
Q

What organism is this?

A

Trichophyton mentagrophytes (dermatophyte)

white to cream, powdery or cottony

64
Q

What organism is this?

A

Microsporum canis (dermatophyte) macroconidia

abundant, pindle shaped, knobbed, thick cells, more than 6 cells ± microconidia

65
Q

What organism is this?

A

Microsporum gypseum (dermatophyte) macroconidia

spindle, thin walls, rounded ends, less than 6 cells ± microconidia

66
Q

What organism is this?

A

Trichophyton mentagrophytes (dermatophyte)

hardest to find, cigar shaped, thin walled, narrow attachment to hyphae, spiral hyphae, globose clusters of microconidia

67
Q

true or false: bacterial C&S is used to diagnose bacterial infection

A

FALSE!! it is taken from pyoderma lesions to identify the causative bacteria and determine what Abx it is sensitive to

68
Q

What organism is this?

A

yeast

69
Q

What organism is this?

A

not well stained yeast lmao

70
Q

What organism is this?

A

cocci

if on skin, most often will be Staph pseudintermedius

71
Q

What organism is this?

A

rods

if rods, then culture

72
Q

What organism is this?

A

dermatophytosis

73
Q

What organism is this?

A

environmental mold spores

74
Q

what is this?

A

eosinophilic plaque

eosinophils have arrows, macrophages have arroewheads

75
Q

what is this?

A

mast cells

intense granulation!

76
Q

what is this?

A

soft tissue sarcoma

77
Q

what is this?

A

pemphigus foliaceus

“fried egg cells” = pathognomonic (aka acantholytic keratinocytes)

78
Q

what is this?

A

cutaneous lymphoma

79
Q

what is this?

A

sebocytes

80
Q

What organism is this?

A

Demotex canis (mite)

only in dogs!

81
Q

What organism is this?

A

Demodex injai

only in dogs!

82
Q

What organism is this?

A

Demodex gatoi

only in cats!

skin class (4 decks)

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