Depressive Disorders

Question 1

People who suffer from Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) often experience loss of interest in their favorite activities. This is referred to as ______.

Answer 1

Anhedonia = loss of interest in favorite activities.

No joy / pleasure

Question 2

People who suffer from Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) often feel very tired. This is referred to as _______.

Answer 2

Anergia = feeling very tired.

Sleeping too much = atypical

Question 3

______ refer to alterations in those activities necessary to support physical life and growth (eating, sleeping, elimination, sex).

Answer 3

Vegetative Signs of Depression

1. ) Decreased or increased sleep
2. ) Decreased or increased appetite
   c. ) Decreased ability to concentrate
   d. ) Decreased ability to make decisions
   e. ) Decreased sexual drive / libido

Question 4

a. ) MDD (Major Depressive Disorder)
b. ) DMDD (Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder
c. ) PDD (Persistent Depressive Disorder) (Dysthymia
d. )

Question 5

Depression with Catatonic Features

Involuntarily repeating another’s words.

a. ) echolalia
b. ) echopraxia

Answer 5

a.) echolalia

Question 6

Depression with Catatonic Features

Involuntarily copying another’s movements.

a. ) echolalia
b. ) echopraxia

Answer 6

b.) echopraxia

Question 7

Etiology of Depression

A general theory that explains psychopathology using a systems approach. This theory helps us understand how personality disorders emerge from the multi-faceted factors of biology and environment. Refers to genetic and biological vulnerabilities and includes personality traits and temperament (genetics + environmental stress).

Answer 7

Diathesis Model

Genetics + Environmental Stress

Question 8

Symptoms r/t Decreased Neurotransmitters in Depression

Decreased motivation and anhedonia.

a. ) Decreased serotonin
b. ) Decreased norepinephrine
c. ) Decreased dopamine

Answer 8

c.) Decreased dopamine

Decreased motivation and anhedonia (lack of pleasure or joy)

Question 9

Symptoms r/t Decreased Neurotransmitters in Depression

Depression, anxiety, OCD, insomnia, and anergia.

a. ) Decreased serotonin
b. ) Decreased norepinephrine
c. ) Decreased dopamine

Answer 9

a.) Decreased serotonin

Depression, anxiety, OCD, insomnia, and anergia (lack of energy).

Question 10

Symptoms r/t Decreased Neurotransmitters in Depression

Inattention and lack of focus.

a. ) Decreased serotonin
b. ) Decreased norepinephrine
c. ) Decreased dopamine

Answer 10

b.) Decreased norepinephrine

Inattention and lack of focus.

Question 11

Evidence-Based Treatment of Depression

For mild or moderate depression.

Answer 11

Mild or Moderate Depression

Evidence-based CBT + Exercise is best

Question 12

Evidence-Based Treatment of Depression

For severe depression.

Answer 12

For severe depression

Gold Standard = Evidence-based CBT + Exercise + Medication

Usually hospitalized

Question 13

What are the main s/s of serotonin syndrome?

Answer 13

HARMED

Hyperthermia - Fever up to 107º

Autonomic instability - altered BP, pulse, and respirations

Rigidity - muscles in continual state of tension

Myocionus - twitches or jerks casued by sudden muscle contractions (can include seizures)

Encephalopathy - altered brain function: confusion, coma, ataxia

Diaphoresis - excessive sweating; being “soaked”

Question 14

The neurotransmitter ______ increases attention, alertness, and decreases pain.

a. ) Serotonin
b. ) Norepinephrine
c. ) Dopamine

Answer 14

Norepinephrine

increases attention, alertness, and decreases pain.

Question 15

The neurotransmitter ______ increases motivation and pleasure.

a. ) Serotonin
b. ) Norepinephrine
c. ) Dopamine

Answer 15

Dopamine → increases motivation and pleasure

Question 16

The neurotransmitter ______ decreases anxiety and OCD.

a. ) Serotonin
b. ) Norepinephrine
c. ) Dopamine

Answer 16

Serotonin → decreases anxiety and OCD