Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

psych > depressive disorders > Flashcards

depressive disorders Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Psychology 101 flashcards GRE® Psychology flashcards
1
Q

depressive disorders similarities

A

all share symptoms of sadness, emptiness, irritabliity, somatic (body) concerns, and impairment of thinking
impact a persons ability to function

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

most common mental heath problem

A

major depressive disorder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

disruptive mood regulation disorder

A

irritable, fits, violet
adolescents up to age 18 being diagnosed with bipolar, usually get diagnosed with bipolar in adulthood
kinda a childhood disorder you age out of

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

persistent depressive disorder

A

have symptoms for a year or two all the time
still productive member of society

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

premenstrual dysphoric disorder

A

relieved by menses arriving
uncomfortable in their own skin, irritable, agitated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

substance induce depressive disorder

A

both substance itself and its withdrawl can lead to depression, the high bottoms you out

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

depressive disorders due to another medical condition

A

open heart surgery
cancer
Parkinson’s
terminal illness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

depression statistics

A

depression is the leading cause of disability in the US
about 1in 20 people
children often unrecognized and prevalence is 11%
early onset more likely to have recurrence
up to 5% in older adults in community and 11% in hospital –> high suicide risk
comorbidity for other psych disorders especially anxiety

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

genetic etiology depression

A

37% incidence in identical twin is depressed
genetic influences linked to early onset and recurrence

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

biochemical etiology depression

A

serotonin is low in the cells and high in the synaptic gap
norepinephrine
dopamine
glutamate
acetylcholine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

mild/moderate depression nonpharm treatment

A

aerobic exercise for 45 ninutes 5 days awake

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

depression hormones

A

hypothalamic pituitary adrenal cortical axis involvement relate to behavior and attention
increased cortisol –> dexamethasone suppression test
inflammation –> c reactive protein and elevated biomarkers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

depression psychological etiology: cognitive theoty

A

aaron beck and his daughter –> nonpharm depression treatment
triad: helpless time, helpless thoughts, helpless world
help them work through negative thoughts
learned helplessness: feeling powerless in a situation and being unable to go about your day after

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

depression assessment health questionnaire

A

anergia (lack of energy)
anxiety
affect (sad)
psych agitation or retardation (really fast or slow)
vegetative signs –> mood motor activity speech (mute)
chronic pain
religious beliefs and spirituality
thought processes –> difficulty problem solving
mood/feelings –> worthless (low self esteem, guilt), anxious, hopeless/ helpless
communication–> feel like they don’t belong
decreased hygiene
sleep habits –> hyper/insomnia
bowel habits —> hyper/hypoactive
decreased libido due to decrease serotonin and norepinephrine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

suicide prediction depression

A

hard to predict

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

common screening tools depression

A

columbia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

depression nursing diagnosis

A

risk for suicide –> safety!
hopelessness –> number one indicator for suicide
ineffective coping
social isolation
spiritual distress
self care deficit

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

recovery model depression

A

focus on patients strengths –> have you ever been through this before? you’ve made it through 100% of your worst days
treatment goals mutually developed
based on patients personal needs and values

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

depression care planning is geared towards

A

patients phase of depression
particular symptoms
patients personal goals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

acute depression phase of treatment and recovery

A

6-12 week

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

continuation depression phase of treatment and recovery

A

4-9 months

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

maintenance depression phase of treatment and recovery

A

1 year and beyond

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

communication with someone with depression

A

presence, silence, explore assumptions (negative thoughts), overgeneralizations, self blame
sit with the patient for 5 minutes
thank them for sitting together
clarify what they’re saying

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

depression health teaching

A

choice
management of chronic illness
psychotherapy and medication
symptom recognition and management
stress management
family involvement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

self care health teaching depression

A

nutrition
sleep hygiene
activity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

depression safety teaching

A

multidisciplinary to give them choice of who to open up to
suicide assessment and precautions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

medications depression clinical benefits timeline

A

1-3 weeks after initiation –> people get discouraged and become noncompliant
adequate trial is 6-9 months

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

how is an antidepressant choseb

A

family history
genetics
ease
diet
side effect profiles
need a washout period if you’re switching classes

29
Q

SSRI MOA

A

first line treatment
block uptake of serotonin so more is available in the cell
also used for anxiety and OCD

30
Q

SSRI side effects

A

agitation
sleep disturbances
tremor
sexual dysfunction
headache
autonomic effects

31
Q

serotonin syndrome

A

abdominal pain
diarrhea
increased BP HR temp
delerium
muscle spasms
irritable
shock/death
caution with two antidepressants or herbal supplements don’t take st johns wart

32
Q

fuoxetine/ prozac

A

menopause symptoms
may cause restlessness and insomnia in the beginning

33
Q

sertraline zoloft

A

sedative property –> helps with sleep
may cause GI distress

34
Q

paroxetine paxil

A

most anticholinergic side effects

35
Q

citalopram celexa

A

QT prolongation –> electrolyte disturbances

36
Q

Serotonin partial agonist reuptake inhibitors (SPARI)

A

Vilazodone (Vilbryd)
Side effect profile is neutral

37
Q

Serotonin norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs)`

A

SSRIs may be tolerated better
Examples
Venlafaxine (Effexor)
Desvenlafaxine (Pristiq)
Duloxetine (Cymbalta)
Levomilnacipran (Fetzima)

38
Q

Serotonin antagonists and reuptake inhibitors

A

Nefazodone (formerly sold as Serzone)
Trazodone (formerly sold as Desyrel) (Oleptro)
Brexpiprazole (Rexulti)
Vilazodone (Vilbryd)
Vortioxetine (Trintellix)

39
Q

Norepinephrine and serotonin-specific antidepressants

A

Mirtazapine (Remeron)
Good for sleep

40
Q

Norepinephrine dopamine reuptake inhibitors

A

Bupropion (Wellbutrin) (Zyban)
Smoking cessation

41
Q

Tricyclic antidepressants MOA

A

Inhibits reuptake of norepinephrine and serotonin
Therapeutic dose reached 2-8 weeks

42
Q

Tricyclic antidepressant adverse and side effects

A

Side effects: anticholinergic, postural hypotension (sit up before standing), tachycardia
Toxic effects: cardiac rhythm,, heart block, MI
Anticholinergic adverse reactions → urinary retention, hypertension

43
Q

Tricyclic antidepressant drug interactions

A

MAOI, barbiturates, disulfiram, oral contraceptives, estrogen, alcohol, antihypertensives (clonidine, reserpine)

44
Q

Tricyclic antidepressant examples

A

Nortriptyline (Pamelor)
Amitriptyline (Elavil)
Imipramine (Tofranil)

45
Q

MAOI general

A

Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs)
First to come out → was a first line for a while
Now is a last resort if they’ve tried everything else
Effective for unconventional depression
Monoamine oxidase breaks down serotonin, dopamine → stops that so chemicals can stay

46
Q

MAOI diet

A

Adheres to restrictive diet of foods and drugs (tyramine free)
Wine, beer, cheese, chocolate, pickles

47
Q

MAOI indication

A

hypersomnia, overeating, anxiety disorders

48
Q

MAOI side effect

A

orthostatic hypotension, weight gain, cardiac rhythm changes, insomnia, fatigue, anticholinergic

49
Q

MAOI toxic effect

A

hypertensive crisis, need to monitor vital signs

50
Q

MAOI examples

A

Isocarboxazid (Marplan)
Phenelzine (Nardil)
Selegiline (EMSAM)
Tranylcypromine (Parnate)

51
Q

antidepressants in pregnancy

A

inconclusive
Some preterm, congenital malformations MAOI and TCA
SSRI in first trimester has some risk
Risk vs. benefit

52
Q

antidepressants in children and adolescents

A

black box warning
Suicidal ideation risk
Once it stopped being prescribed, people actually suicided so the group was put back on
Risk vs. benefit

53
Q

antidepressants in older adults

A

polypharmacy and metabolism issues

54
Q

esketamine (sparato) MOA

A

Nasal spray for treatment resistant depression (schedule III drug)

55
Q

esketamine (sparato) process

A

Patient: no food for 2 hours before and no liquid 30 minutes before treatment
Monitored every 30 minutes for hypertension

56
Q

esketamine (sparato) side effects

A

hypertension, dissociation, dizziness, vertigo, sedation, numbness, anxiety, and feeling drunk

57
Q

esketamine (sparato) dosing

A

twice weekly for 4 weeks, tapering once a week for 4 weeks, during week 9 and after once every week or two

58
Q

Brexanolone (Zulresso) general stuff

A

First and only FDA approved medication for postpartum depression (PPD) (schedule II drug)
Neuroactive steroid: 60 hour IV infusion one time

59
Q

Bexanolone (Zulresso) side effect

A

hypoxia, excessive sedation and potential LOC, patients are continuously monitored

60
Q

Electroconvulsant therapy

A

Indications: most common depression up to 90% remission, suicidal thought, psychotic disorders, failure to respond to meds
Absolute last line, after MAOI
Informed consent, education to patient and family

61
Q

Electroconvulsant therapy indications

A

anesthetic barbiturate (brevital) and muscle paralyzing agent (succinylcholine), EEG and EKG monitoring, brief seizure induced via electrodes (uni- or bilateral)

62
Q

Electroconvulsant therapy adverse reactions

A

confusion, headache, memory deficits (weeks)
Sometimes confusion never goes away
Patient needs to be handed over to a certified PACU nurse

63
Q

Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS)

A

approved in 2008, those unresponsive to other treatments, pregnancy, outpatient, electrode deliver magnetic pulses, noninvasive
Cerebral cortex
Shows improvement in two weeks

64
Q

Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS):

A

electrical stimulation boosts neurotransmitters, implanted in chest (surgical procedure) and attached to vagus nerve in neck
Treats resistant depression
Also helps with Parkinson’s disease

65
Q

Deep brain stimulation

A

implanted electrodes in underactive brain areas, device in chest wall

66
Q

light therapy depression

A

first line treatment for seasonal affective disorder (SAD)

67
Q

st John’s wart

A

increases serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine
Risk of serotonin syndrome!!

68
Q

Exercise depression treatment option

A

increases serotonin, decrease HOA axis (thought to be overly active in depression)

69
Q
A

psych (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions