Depression Treatment: Cognitive Approach

Question 1

What is Cognitive Behaviour Therapy (CBT)?

Answer 1

CBT is a therapeutic approach where therapists assess patients’ problems, identify goals, and create a plan to achieve them.

Question 2

What is the main task of CBT?

Answer 2

The main task is to identify and challenge negative or irrational thoughts.

Question 3

What does CBT aim to replace negative thoughts with?

Answer 3

CBT aims to replace negative and irrational thoughts with effective behaviours.

Question 4

Who developed Rational Emotional Behaviour Therapy (REBT)?

Answer 4

Albert Ellis developed REBT, which focuses on resolving emotional and behavioural problems.

Question 5

What does the ABCDEF model in REBT stand for?

Answer 5

A: Activating Event
B: Belief
C: Consequence
D: Disputing irrational thoughts and beliefs
E: Effects of disputing and effective attitude to life
F: Feelings that are produced (hopefully positive)

Question 6

What is logical disputing in REBT?

Answer 6

Logical disputing involves showing that self-defeating beliefs do not logically follow from the event.

Question 7

What is empirical disputing in REBT?

Answer 7

Empirical disputing shows that self-defeating beliefs are inconsistent with reality.

Question 8

What is pragmatic disputing in REBT?

Answer 8

Pragmatic disputing highlights the pointlessness of self-defeating beliefs.

Question 9

What is the purpose of effective disputing?

Answer 9

Effective disputing changes self-defeating beliefs into more rational beliefs, replacing catastrophizing with rational interpretations.

Question 10

What role does homework play in CBT?

Answer 10

Patients complete homework to test irrational beliefs against reality and practice new rational beliefs.

Question 11

What is Behavioural Activation in CBT?

Answer 11

Behavioural Activation encourages patients to become more active and engaged in pleasurable activities to combat depression.

Question 12

What is Unconditional Positive Regard?

Answer 12

Unconditional Positive Regard is when a therapist provides respect for the client without judgment, facilitating change in beliefs and attitudes.

Question 13

What was Ellis’s claimed success rate for REBT?

Answer 13

Ellis claimed his ‘REBT’ had a 90% success rate, taking an average of 27 sessions to complete the treatment.

Question 14

What did Cuipers find about CBT in comparison to no treatment?

Answer 14

Cuipers found that out of 75 studies, CBT was far superior to no treatment.

Question 15

What were the results of March et al’s study on CBT and antidepressants?

Answer 15

After 36 weeks, it was found that 81% of the CBT group, 81% of the antidepressants group, and 86% of the CBT and antidepressants group were significantly improved.

Question 16

What did Babak’s study reveal about exercise and relapse rates?

Answer 16

Babak randomly assigned 156 depressed adults to aerobic exercise, drug treatment, or both. The exercise group had lower relapse rates than the medication group after 6 months, especially if they continued with an exercise regime.

Question 17

How effective is CBT when combined with drug therapy?

Answer 17

Culipers found that CBT was especially effective when used with drug therapy, as SSRI may alleviate symptoms enough to allow the patient to focus on the demands of CBT.

Question 18

What did Elkin state about CBT and individual differences?

Answer 18

Elkin states that CBT works less well with people who have high levels of irrational beliefs that are rigid and resistant to change.

Question 19

What is the Dodo Bird Effect?

Answer 19

Rogers argued that all methods of treatment for mental disorders were pretty much equally effective, which he called the Dodo Bird Effect.

Question 20

What did Luborsky find in his review of different therapies?

Answer 20

Luborsky reviewed 100 different studies comparing therapies and found only small differences.

Question 21

What did All et al find about patient relapse rates after treatment?

Answer 21

All et al found that 42% of patients relapsed within 6 months of ending treatment and 53% within a year.