depression, phobias and ocd Flashcards
What is the DSM
The DSM is the American psychiatric associations diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders
What is the DSM used to classify disorders
Using defined diagnostic criteria
What is depression?
Depression is a mood disorder
What are mood disorders characterised by?
Characterised by strong emotions which can influence a persons ability to function normally.
A mood disorder can affect a person so what?
Perceptions thinking and behaviour
What Is major depression?
An episode of depression that can occur suddenly
What can major depression be?
Major depression can be reactive- caused by external factors
It can also be endogenous caused bt internal factors
What is manic depression?
N alternation between two mood extrememes mania and depression
What does manic depression involve?
The change in mood often pccurs in regular cycles of days or weeks
what are the behavioural symptoms associated with depression?
sleep distrubances
change in appetite
pain- headaches
what are the cognitive symptoms associated with depression?
- experience persistent negative beliefs about themselves
- suicidal thoughts
- slower though processes-difficulty concentrating
what are the emotional symptoms of depression?
extreme feelings of saddness
mood variation
no longer enjoying hobbies which used to be pleasureable
a phobia is an example of what?
an axiety disorder
what is an anxiety disorder?
an extreme irrational fear of a particular object or situation.
what are the cognitive symptoms of phobias?
irrational beliefs about the stimulus that cause fear
people find it hard to concentrate because they are preoccupied with anxious thoughts
what are the behavioural symtomps of phobias?
avoiding social situations because they cause anxiety
altering behaviour to avoid the feared object or situation
what are the emotional symtoms of phobias?
anxiety and a feeling of dread
what are the various diagnostic criteria for phobias?
- there is a significant prolonged fear of an object or situation which lasts more than 6 months
- people experience an anxiety response if they are exposed to the phobic stimulus
- phobias are out of proportion to actual danger
- sufferers go out of their way to avoid the phobic stimulus
- the phobia disrupts their lives
what are the 2 parts of OCD?
obsessions and compulsions
are obsessions and compulsions linked?
yes
what are obsessions? (cog)
the cognitive part of OCD
what are compulsions (beh)
the behavioural aspect of OCD
OCD affects around how much of the worlds population?
2%
what are obsessions?
intrusive and persistant thoughts
they are the internal aspect of OCD
what are compulsions?
physical or mental repetitive actions
the external aspect of OCD
the problem is that the action only reduces the anxiety caused by an obsessions for a short period of time
what does the DSM state?
that if obsessions or compulsions last for at least 1 hour per day this is an indication of a clinical case of OCD
what are the 4 types of OCD behaviours?
cheking
contamination
hoarding
symmetry and ordeliness
what does checking involve?
includes checking that the lights are off or that you have your purse or wallet
what does contamination involve?
this involves the fear of catching germs
what does hoarding involve?
keeping useless or worn out objects
what does symmetry and orderlines involve?
getting objects lines up ‘just right’ in neat orders and the right way around
