depression Flashcards
definition of depression
lengthy disturbance of mood (everyday for 2 weeks)
what is depression
form of mood disorder
have to have at least 5 characteristics
4 types of depression
- major depressive disorder (severe but short term)
- persitant depressive disorder (long term)
- bipolar depression
- post natal depression
6 behavioural characteristics
- loss of energy
- sleep problems
- poor hygiene
- social impairment
- appetite changes
- self harm
3 emotional characteristics
- low mood
- loss of enthusiasm
- anger
4 cognitive characteristics
- problems with concentration
- poor memory
- focus on negatives
- absolutist thinking
2 explanations of depression
becks cognitive triad
ellis’s ABC model
Becks cognitive triad
- explains why some people may be vulnerable to depression
- unhappy experiences = negative schemas about ourselves = faulty information processing = irrational thoughts
- develop dysfunctional view of themselves
becks three parts
negative view of self
negative view of world
negative view of future
ellis abc model
- good mental health is the result of rational thought
- irrational thoughts are triggered by certain events
- we experience blocks from our happiness
ellis 3 steps ABC
activating agent (negative event) irrational belief (musterbation - must always be perfect) consequences (unhealthy emotion)
3 disadvantages of explanations
- dont explain all aspects of depression e.g. anger
- victim blaming
- may be depressed person with irrational thoughts rather than irrational thoughts causing depression
an advantage of explanations
both been applied to CBT
2 treatments of depression
- cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT)
2. rational emotional behavioural therapy (REBT)
CBT
- try to change the way people behave
- developed by beck so based on cognitive triad
- cannot change trigger but can change thoughts
3 stages of CBT
- patient as scientist - record emotions/actions
- behavioural activation - do things we enjoy
- thought catching - write down negative thoughts
REBT
- talking therapy to change actions and emotions
- change irrational thoughts to rational
- done by Ellis, based on ABC model
REBT abcDE…
disputes - argue against irrational beliefs
new effect - positive consequence
2 advantages of treatments
- as good as anti depressants
2. best to use therapy and drugs at the same time
one disadvantage of treatments
suggests its the patient who is responsible for their disorder so therapist may overlook other situational factors e.g. life events or family
