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Rob Block 3 > Depression > Flashcards

Depression Flashcards

1
Q

What are the additional symptoms of Depression (7)?

A 
Disturbed sleep
Weight/appetite change
Fatigue
Agitation/slowing of movements
Poor concentration/indecisiveness
Feelings of worthlessness or excessive guilt
Suicidal thoughts or acts
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2
Q

What are the two patterns of depression?

A

Unipolar and Bipolar

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3
Q

What are the three categories of depression? Briefly explain each.

A

Mild depression: 5 symptoms + no severe impairment
Moderate: in between Mild and Severe
Severe: more than 5 + major impairment

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4
Q

What chemicals are suppressed in depression? (2)

A

Noradrenaline and Serotonin

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5
Q

Which areas of the brain see an increase in activity in depression?

A

Amygdala

Hypothalamus

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6
Q

Which areas of the brain see a decrease in activity in depression?

A

Prefrontal cortex

Hippocampus

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7
Q

What are the four main theories of depression?

A

Monoamine hypothesis (5HT + NA)
Neurohormone (HPA axis (stress pathway) + steroids)
Immune System (Inflammatory response triggers HPA axis (stress pathway))
Circadian (sleep affected)

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8
Q

What are the main treatments for Depression?

A 
CBT
ECT
TMS
Placebo
Exercise
Pharmacological
Light Therapy
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9
Q

What are the disadvantages of ECT?

A

Addiction

Retrograde Amnesia

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10
Q

What are the different pharmacological treatments for depression?

A 
SSRIs
TCAs
MAOI-As
Atypical Antidepressants
Lithium
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11
Q

What are the two essential symptoms of Depression?

A

Persistent sadness or low mood

Marked loss of interests or pleasure (anhedonia)

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12
Q

What changes in neurogenesis are seen in depression?

A

Decreased arborisation

Decreased synapses

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13
Q

What is the MOA of SSRIs?

A

Inhibit reuptake of serotonin from synaptic cleft

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14
Q

Give 3 examples of SSRIs:

A

Paroxetine
Fluoxetine
Citalopram
Sertraline

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15
Q

List the common side effects for SSRIs:

A 
5 S's:
Slow onset
Sickness 
Sleep disorders
Sexual Dysfunction
Serotonin Syndrome (overactivation of ANS - increased HR, shivering, sweating, dilated pupils, etc)
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16
Q

What type of MAO inhibitors are used in depression?

A

MAO(A) inhibitors

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17
Q

What is the MOA of MAOIs?

A

They prevent MAO from breaking down 5HT and NA, thereby increasing levels of 5HT and NA at the synapse

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18
Q

Give an example of a MAOI-A:

A

Moclobemide

Phenelzine

19
Q

Give some side effects of MAOI-As:

A 
Postural hypotension
Convulsions
Restlessness
Sleep disorders
'Cheese Reaction' (autonomic overload - HTN, tachycardia, arrhythmias)
20
Q

What are the 5 main receptors that TCAs block?

A 
5HT 
NA
α1
H1
M1
21
Q

Give an example of a TCA:

A

Amitriptyline

Nortriptyline

22
Q

What are the side effects of TCAs (relate them to target receptors)?

A

H1 - sedation, weight gain
M1 - constipation, dry mouth
α1 - vasodilation, tachycardia, postural hypotension

23
Q

What are the classes of atypical antidepressants?

A

NRIs (NA reuptake inhibitors)
SNRIs (Serotonin-NA reuptake inhibitors)
5HT partial agonists

24
Q

Give an example of an NRI

A

Reboxitine

25
Q

Which drug would you use if you subscribe to the circadian theory of depression?

A

Agomelatine

26
Q

Give an example of a 5HT partial agonist

A

Buspirone

27
Q

Give an example of an SNRI:

A

Venlafaxine

28
Q

What changes in neurogenesis are seen in depression?

A

Decreased arborisation

Decreased synapses

29
Q

What is the MOA of SSRIs?

A

Inhibit reuptake of serotonin from synaptic cleft

30
Q

Give 3 examples of SSRIs:

A

Paroxetine
Fluoxetine
Citalopram
Sertraline

31
Q

List the common side effects for SSRIs:

A 
5 S's:
Slow onset
Sickness 
Sleep disorders
Sexual Dysfunction
Serotonin Syndrome (overactivation of ANS - increased HR, shivering, sweating, dilated pupils, etc)
32
Q

What type of MAO inhibitors are used in depression?

A

MAO(A) inhibitors

33
Q

What is the MOA of MAOIs?

A

They prevent MAO from breaking down 5HT and NA, thereby increasing levels of 5HT and NA at the synapse

34
Q

Give an example of a MAOI-A:

A

Moclobemide

Phenelzine

35
Q

Give some side effects of MAOI-As:

A 
Postural hypotension
Convulsions
Restlessness
Sleep disorders
'Cheese Reaction' (autonomic overload - HTN, tachycardia, arrhythmias)
36
Q

What are the 5 main receptors that TCAs block?

A 
5HT 
NA
α1
H1
M1
37
Q

Give an example of a TCA:

A

Amitriptyline

Nortriptyline

38
Q

What are the side effects of TCAs (relate them to target receptors)?

A

H1 - sedation, weight gain
M1 - constipation, dry mouth
α1 - vasodilation, tachycardia, postural hypotension

39
Q

What are the classes of atypical antidepressants?

A

NRIs (NA reuptake inhibitors)
SNRIs (Serotonin-NA reuptake inhibitors)
5HT partial agonists

40
Q

Give an example of an NRI

A

Reboxitine

41
Q

Which drug would you use if you subscribe to the circadian theory of depression?

A

Agomelatine

42
Q

Give an example of a 5HT partial agonist

A

Buspirone

43
Q

Give an example of an SNRI:

A

Venlafaxine

Rob Block 3 (2 decks)

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