depression Flashcards
what are the emotional characteristics of depression?
- low mood and self esteem
- loss of interest/pleasure and sadness
- negative emotions and anger
what are the behavioural characteristics of depression?
- shift in activity levels
- reduced sleep and appetite
what are the cognitive characteristics of depression?
- negative thoughts and self concepts
- guilt and self worthlessness
- irrational thoughts
what is the cognitive approach to explaining depression?
negative irrational thinking leads to mental disorders such as depression
what are the two examples of the cognitive approach in explaining depression?
- Ellis’ ABC model
- Beck’s negative triad
describe Ellis’ ABC model
A refers to the activating event e.g you get fired at work
B is the belief which could be either rational or irrational
C is the consequence e.g rational beliefs lead to healthy emotions whereas irrational beliefs lead to unhealthy emotions
what is musturbatory thinking?
- the source of irrational beliefs lies in this
- thinking that certain ideals ‘must’ be true in order for an individual to be happy
- having these assumptions can lead to disappointment which can lead to depression
describe Beck’s negative triad
- the negative view on self, world and future
- involves negative schemas and cognitive biases
what is a negative schema?
a tendency to adopt a negative view of the world - depressed people have acquired a negative schema during childhood e.g through parental rejection or teacher criticism
what is CBT?
cognitive behaviour therapy - its a treatment for depression which starts with as assessment to clarify the patients problems and and then identify any negative or irrational thoughts that will be challenged
describe Ellis’ REBT model
Rational Emotive Behaviour Therapy
- it extends on the ABC model to ABCDE model where D is for dispute and E for effect
- the central technique is to identify an dispute irrational thoughts
what are the three types of disputing?
- logical disputing: self defeating beliefs do not follow logically
- empirical disputing: self defeating beliefs that may not be consistent with reality
- pragmatic disputing: emphasises the lack of usefulness of self defeating beliefs
state and describe the other parts of the treatment
behavioural activation:
- therapist may work with patient to become more active and engage in pleasurable activities
unconditional positive regard:
- convincing the client of their value as a human being by providing respect and appreciation of what they do or say
what is Beck’s cognitive therapy?
- identifies automatic thoughts about the world, future and self which are then challenged
- its a slightly less confrontational method
what is a limitation of CBT?
individual differences affect its effectiveness
