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Psychology: Psychopathology > Depression > Flashcards

Depression Flashcards

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1
Q

what is the cognitive approach to depression

A

depression is due to irrational thoughts from maladaptive internal mental processes

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2
Q

what is Becks negative triad

A

The Self
The World
The Future

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3
Q

what is the self

A

self schemas
feeling inadequate and unworthy

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4
Q

what is thr world

A

the belief that people are hostile or threatening

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5
Q

what is the future

A

the belief that things will always turn out badly

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6
Q

outline Ellis ABC model

A

Activating event: something that happens
Belief: Irrational beliefs (for people w depression)
Consequence: negative consequences due to the irrational beliefs

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7
Q

what is mustabatory thinking

A

thinking the world must be a certain way

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8
Q

research support for Becks cognitive model of depression

A

Cohen et all tracked development of 473 adolescents, regularly measuring cognitive vulnerability
- cognitive vulnerability predicted later depression showing an association between cognitive vulnerability and depression

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9
Q

what is the real world application for Becks cognitive model of depression

A

used in screening and treatment for depression

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10
Q

what is cognitive vulnerability

A

ways of thinking that may predispose a person to becoming depressed e.g. faulty thought processing, negative triad

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11
Q

what is the real world application for Ellis ABC model

A

psychological treatment for depression
- REBT > vigourous arguing with the patient to alter their irrational beliefs

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12
Q

what is one limitation of the Ellis ABC model

A

only explains reactive depression and not endogenous depression
- not all depression comes from an activating event

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13
Q

what are ethical issues with the ABC model

A

locates the responsibility of depression on the patient because its their fault for thinking irrationally

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14
Q

what is CBT

A

cognitive behaviour therapy > most commonly used psychological treatment for depression

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15
Q

what is the cognitive approach to treating depression

A

CBT

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16
Q

outline the cognitive element of CBT

A
  • assessment of the client and then the therapist works with them to clarify the problems and put together a plan
17
Q

whats the behavioural element of CBT

A

working to change the irrational negative thoughts and put more effective behaviours into place

18
Q

what is Becks cognitive therapy

A
  • identify automatic thoughts about the negative triad and then challenge them
  • set homework for client to help the client test the reality of their beliefs
19
Q

what is Ellis REBT

A
  • rational emotive behaviour therapy
  • extends ABC model to ABCDE
  • D: dispute E: effect
20
Q

what is the technique for REBT

A

to identify and dispute irrational thoughts

21
Q

what is behavioural activation

A

decreases the individuals avoidance and isolation and increases their engagement in activities that have been shown to improve mood

22
Q

what is the evidence for the effectiveness of CBT

A

March et al compared antidepressants to CBT with treatment to 327 depressed adolescents
81% of CBT were improved
81% of antidepressants were improved
86% of CBT + antidepressants were improved
This suggests that CBT is just as effective as antidepressants and can significantly improve treatment if both are used

23
Q

what is a pro to the clients for CBT

A

it is cost effectivr

24
Q

outline a limitation of CBT for depression

A

lack of effectiveness for severe cases
- some clients cant motivate themselves to do CBT
- unsuitable for people with learning disabilities due to complex rational thinking element

25
Q

outline a counterpoint to the lack of effectiveness of CBT limitation

A

John Taylor reviewed and said that CBT can be effective for patients with learning disabilities

26
Q

what are the relapse rates for CBT and why is it a limitation

A

high
the long term effectiveness outcomes arent as good as expected
Shehzad Ali et al > assessed depression in 439 clients every month for 12 months > 42% clients relapsed

Psychology: Psychopathology (4 decks)

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