Depression Flashcards
Who created the negative cognitive style model
Haffel et al (2008)
What are the key claims of Haffel et al (2008) negative cognitive style model?
Negative life event + cognitive vulnerability- negative influences about the cause (self worth) - hopelessness- depression
Support for negative cognitive style model
Alloy et al (2000)
What did Alloy et al (2000) do?
5000 uni student screened for neg cog style
Created high and low risk groups based on scores
How many participants in high and low risk neg cog style (Alloy et al., 2000)
176 = low
173 = high
What did Alloy et al (2000) find?
Participants with neg cog style were 3x more likely to experience MDD than low group
5x more likely to experience hopelessness depression than low group
Supporting evidence of Alloy et al (2000)
Costantini et al (2021) longitudinal study
What did Costantini et al (2021) do?
Longitudinal study 4,301 ppt
Measure neg cog at 17 and re measure :( symptoms at 23
What did Costantini et al (2021) find?
25% met :( threshold (1 in 4)
Age 23 risk of :( was elevated in ppt with higher neg cog style at 17
Limitation of Costantini et al (2021)
Better test than Alloy et al (2000) but not experimental so can’t establish causality
Evidence for SSRIs in depression
Hieronymous et al (2016)
Fried et al (2015)
Who found SSRIs have different effects on different symptoms?
Hieronymous et al (2016) - grouping all symptoms under the umbrella term is wrong
What did Fried et al (2015) do?
Network analysis of 28 symptoms in 3,463 ppt
What did Fried et al (2015) argue?
Depression is not a single syndrome and therefore need to focus on the symptoms not “MDD”
What did Fried et al (2015) find?
SSRIs were effective in targeting low mood but not agitation
Psychological intervention evidence (CBT)
Gloaguen et al (1998)
Cuijpers et al (2014)
Cuijpers et al (2008)
What does CBT aim to do for depression?
Identify negative thoughts and beliefs
Challenge them as being dysfunctional and irrational
Replace with more rational and adaptive beliefs
What did Gloaguen et al (1998) do?
Meta analysis of 20 studies
Found that CBT was better than placebo/ waiting list
Large effect
What did Cuijpers et al (2014) do?
Update Gloaguen et al (1998) meta analysis with only 11 studies actually meeting high RCT quality
Only 8 of high quality RCTS tested CBT vs 83 low quality
What did Cuijpers et al (2014) find?
Low quality RCTS had effect size of 0.74
High quality effect size of 0.22
Still significant effect but much smaller in high quality
Who tested CBT against other psychological interventions
Cuijpers et al (2008)
What did Cuijpers et al (2008) do?
Meta analysis review of 53 studies comparing CBT + psychodynamic therapy with control
What did Cuijpers et al (2008) find?
CBT was more effective than psychodynamic therapy but not significantly so
Cohen D = 0.15
