Depression Flashcards

1
Q

Name the Prime Ministers during 1930 - 1951

A

Ramsey MacDonald
Stanley Baldwin
Neville Chamberlain
Winston Churchill
Clement Atlee

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2
Q

When was Churchill prime minister?

A

1940 - 1945
1951 - 1955

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3
Q

By 1933 how many British people had a radio?

A

About 50%

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4
Q

What was the minimum school leaving age in the 1930s?

A

14

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5
Q

What percentage were unemployed by the start of 1933?

A

22.8%

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6
Q

What was a new style in the 1930s?

A

Art deco

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7
Q

What houses were introduced to allow slums to be cleared and improve living standards?

A

Council houses

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8
Q

Give reasons for the decline in traditional industry in Britain?

A

-Competition from abroad
-Welsh coal industry became expensive
- New markets like oil
- Obsolete methods

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9
Q

How did the Wall Street crash affect Britain?

A

Banking systems across the western world were linked and the crash damaged Britain’s investments. Americans wanted loans which brits couldn’t pay and the drop in trade in America damaged Britain’s economy, which was already struggling.

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10
Q

What is heavy industry?

A

The production of coal, oil and iron etc.

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11
Q

What is investment?

A

Putting profits from companies back into developing new techniques and machinery etc to make business more efficient and profitable.

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12
Q

Depression

A

A long term downturn in economic activity is a country resulting in high unemployment and widespread poverty.

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13
Q

Reparations

A

The money that Germany owed countries after WW1

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14
Q

Obsolete

A

No longer needed, out of date

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15
Q

Exports

A

Selling goods to foreign countries

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16
Q

How did depression effect industry in UK?

A
  • Between 1929-1931 exports from UK fell by half
  • Rapid growth of unemployment
  • general strikes across decade
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17
Q

What percentage of people were unemployed in Rhondda Valley?

A

40%

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18
Q

How many unemployed during mid 1930s?

A

2 million

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19
Q

What was described as a catalyst to the depression?

A

Wall Street crash

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20
Q

What were the 1930s labelled as?

A

“The black years”
“The devils decade”
“The hungry thirties”

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21
Q

What did the government introduce in 1920?

A

Unemployed Insurance Act

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22
Q

What did the UIA create?

A

A system of payments for unemployed workers

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23
Q

What was the aim of UIA?

A

To give workers who become unemployed financial support while finding new employment

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24
Q

How many weeks of benefits did UIA give?

A

39

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25
Q

What was the UIA also called?

A

“The dole”

26
Q

What did “the dole” mean?

A

“Ones allotted portion”

27
Q

What did the National Government introduce in 1931?

A

The means test

28
Q

What “the dole”?

A

Unemployment benefit

29
Q

How did the means test work?

A

After 6 months on the dole, families would have the house inspected to check possessions and savings and could possibly be forced to sell them. If there was a person in the household that could work then benefits would be cut weekly.

30
Q

How much would benefits pay per week?

A

Based on the income of the whole family
Maximum fixed at £1.46 per week which was half of the average wage per week of £2.57

31
Q

What were reactions to the means test?

A

Many believed the government were trying to save money rather than help
People hated having the inspector around

32
Q

Who suffered the most?

A

Women - mothers would go without to feed their families like food. The number of deaths were higher in Wales.

33
Q

Name some hunger marches

A

Jarrow and Rhondda

34
Q

What was the worst affected town during the depression?

A

Jarrow

35
Q

How many were unemployed in Jarrow?

A

7,178 in 1933

36
Q

How many marched in Jarrow

A

200 men

37
Q

Where did the people in Jarrow March to?

A

London (government)

38
Q

Who led the Jarrow March?

A

Mayor, MP Ellen Wilkinson and town councillors

39
Q

What did the people do to prepare for the Jarrow March?

A

-Wore best clothes
-clean shaven
-neat

40
Q

How long did it take to walk in the Jarrow March?

A

8 months

41
Q

How much did the Jarrow March cover?

A

450 km

42
Q

What did people do to help the Jarrow March?

A

-gave free meals
-slept in church halls
-shoes repaired

43
Q

Who supported the Jarrow March?

A

Bishop of Ripon

44
Q

What did the Jarrow match achieve?

A

The March improved the public image Hunger marches and they were supported by the public

45
Q

Who forced the general strike to end in 1926?

A

Stanley Baldwin and did the same in 1936 by ignoring the petition

46
Q

What were the problems in the Rhondda valley?

A

Economical difficulties

47
Q

When did the Rhondda March begin?

A

October 14 1932

48
Q

How many people marched in the Rhondda valley?

A

2,500

49
Q

How did the government respond to the Rhondda valley March?

A

Deployed spies, informers and police to watch their movement as they were concerned

50
Q

Was the Rhondda Valley march successful?

A

Not really

51
Q

“Making ends meet”

A

Stretch out the little money you have

52
Q

“Self-help”

A

Asking/borrow money

53
Q

What industries were 🚩🚩during this time?

A

Old industries - coal, steel and ship buildings

54
Q

Industrial Revolution

A

The shift from and economy based on farming and agriculture to heavy industry such as oil, coal and iron production

55
Q

Emigrate

A

To move permanently to another country

56
Q

Census

A

A nationwide compulsory survey here the government finds out how many people there are, where they live and how much they earn etc.

57
Q

Where did thousands of unemployed workers and families move from and to?

A

Wales to more prosperous areas across England

58
Q

Why are accurate figures for changes in population not available in the 1930s?

A

No census held because of the war in 1941

59
Q

What is the estimate of people that left wales during 1920s and 30s?

A

430,000

60
Q

Who lost a further 10,000 people in the 1930s?

A

Merthyr Tydfil (lost 17,000 in 20s)