Depression Flashcards
What are the 3 core symptoms of depression?
Low mood
Anergia
Anhedonia
What are the three areas of biological symptoms of depression?
Sleep disruption
Libido
Appetite
What is Beck’s cognitive triad?
Negative views on:
The world
The future
Oneself
What areas does the MSE cover?
Appearance and behaviour
Speech
Emotions (mood/affect)
Perception
Thought
Insight
Cognition
How do antidepressants affect individuals with bipolar disorder?
Mostly ineffective
Can cause acute manic episodes
Can worsen long-term course of bipolar illness
Can lead to more mood episodes over time
What symptoms are present in bipolar affective disorder?
Episodic mood swings, delusions/hallucinations
Recurrent depressive episodes
Grandiosity
What is borderline personality disorder?
Pattern of rapid mood swings, unstable relationships, poor self-image leading to impulsivity and self-harm
What is schizophrenia?
Chronic hallucinations/delusions
What are symptoms of ADHD?
Hyperactivity
Increased impulsivity
Impaired concentration
What are some organic/iatrogenic causes of depression?
Endocrine - thyroidism, parathyroidism, hypoglycaemia, Cushing’s, Addison’s
Infections - SLE, HIV
Deficiencies - Vit B12, folate
Neurological - Parkinson’s, MS, Alzheimer’s
Medications - β blockers, steroids, anticholinergics, anti-Parkinson’s, statins, oestrogen
What is vascular depression?
What are some risk factors?
Late-onset depression, associated with white matter hyperintensities
Diabetes, hypertension, smoking, alcohol
What is post-stroke depression? Lesions to which areas of the brain are most likely to cause it?
How does location of the lesion impact severity?
Depression following a stroke
Left frontal lobe or basal ganglia
More frontal lesion = more severe symptoms
