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stains, depostis and polishing🦷 > depostis + stains > Flashcards

depostis + stains Flashcards

1
Q

2 types of deposits

A

soft and hard

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2
Q

4 kinds of soft deposits

A

acquired pellicle
materia alba
plaque (biofilm)
food deposits

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3
Q

example of a hard deposit

A

calculus

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4
Q

acquired pellicle

A

an amorphous, acellular membranous layer

forms quickly

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5
Q

significance of acquired pellicle

A

provides a barrier against acids in micro organisms

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6
Q

plaque (biofilm)

A

A dense, non-mineralize complex massive colonies, and a gel like inter-microbial matrix

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7
Q

at what point is there bacterial colonization of plaque

A

colonize during birth and as soon as teeth erupt and are exposed to saliva, they are exposed to plaque

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8
Q

3 basic steps of plaque formation

A

acquired pellicle
bacterial colonization
plaque maturation

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9
Q

formation of pellicle

A

forms on the tooth surface absorption of protein components from the saliva

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10
Q

bacteria multiplication and colonization

A

bacteria multiplies and colonizes

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11
Q

what type of bacteria forms on the teeth in the first few hours

A

gram positive cocci and rods

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12
Q

plaque growth and maturation

A

continued bacterial multiplication adhering the the plaque surfaces

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13
Q

significance of plaque

A

plays a major role in the progression of caries, periodontal disease, and calculus

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14
Q

what occurs with uncontrolled subgingival plaque

A

inflammation and calculus

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15
Q

new plaque

A

12-24 hours old not a health program and is normal

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16
Q

mature plaque day 1-2

A

thicker plaque consisting mainly of cocci (streptococcus mutants)

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17
Q

days 2-4

A

cocci still dominate and gram positive filamentous forms

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18
Q

days 4-7

A

filaments increase in numbers
mixed flora begins to appear and plaque thickens near gingiva

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19
Q

Days 7-14

A

vibrio and spire here’s appear

inflammation occurs

periodontal health is at risk

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20
Q

days 14-21

A

vibrios and sporophytes are prevalent and gingivitis is evident

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21
Q

composition of plaque

A

calcium
phosphorus
fluoride
carbs
protein
lipids

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22
Q

inorganic elements of plaque

A

calcium and phosphorus
fluoride

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23
Q

what does an inorganic element mean

A

can not be dissolved

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24
Q

what does an organic element means

A

can be dissolved

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25
Q

organic elements of plaque

A

carbohydrates
proteins

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26
Q

what does fresh plaque look like

A

transparent or light brown with staining

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27
Q

what does heavy older plaque look like

A

matter fur like usually stained

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28
Q

supragingival plaque

A

coronal to the gingival margin

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29
Q

gingival plaque

A

forms in the external surfaces of the oral epithelium and attached to the gingiva

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30
Q

subgingival plaque

A

located between within the sulcus

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31
Q

fissure plaque

A

develops in pits and fissures of the teeth

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32
Q

4 factors affecting plaque accumulation

A

crowded teeth
rough surfaces
difficult to clean
out of occlusion

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33
Q

average pH of plaque

A

6.2-7.0

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34
Q

critical pH for enamel demineralization

A

4.5-5.5

35
Q

amount of demineralization depends on…?

A

length of time and frequency of contact of low pH acids with teeth

36
Q

5 areas of plaque accumulation

A
  • interproximal areas
  • gingival areas
  • cervical third of buccal areas of molars
  • lingual of mandibular incisors and molars
  • crowded or maligned teeth
37
Q

streptococcus mutans

A

bacteria that creates caries

38
Q

actinomycete

A

acid bacteria

39
Q

gram negative bacteria

A

anaerobic bacteria which produce endotoxins

accounts for periodontal disease

40
Q

anaerobic bacteria

A

can survive with no oxygen

41
Q

aerobic bacteria

A

needs oxygen to survive

42
Q

dental caries

A

disease is dental calcified structures

cavities

43
Q

what bacterial plays a role in bacteria PROGRESSION

A

lactobaccilli

44
Q

plaque index

A

assess presence of plaque

45
Q

oral hygiene index

A

assess presence of debris and/or calculus

46
Q

materia alba

A

occurs in top of plaque
thick white or gray substance

47
Q

food debris

A

loose food particles

48
Q

calculus

A

calcified dental plaque

must be removed by a professional

49
Q

perioscopy

A

camera that moves and shows subgingival calculus

50
Q

supragingival calculus

A

occurs in the coronal portion to the margin

51
Q

subgingival calculus

A

calculus forms between the sulcus

52
Q

amelogenesis imperfecta

A

imperfect formation of enamel

hereditary condition in which ameloblasts fail to lay down the enamel matrix properly

53
Q

how may days does gingival tissue heal in

A

7-14

54
Q

chlorophyll

A

green plant pigment essential to photosynthesis

55
Q

chromogenic

A

producing colour or pigment

56
Q

chronologic

A

arranged in order of time

57
Q

dentinogenesis imperfecta

A

hereditary disorder of dentin formation in which odontoblasts lay down and abnormal matrix

58
Q

endogenous

A

Stains that develop or originate within the tooth

59
Q

Exogenous

A

Originating outside are caused by factors outside

60
Q

Extrinsic

A

derived from, or situated on the outside

Can be removed by coronal polish

61
Q

Hypoplasia

A

Incomplete development or under development of an organ or tissue

62
Q

Intrinsic

A

Situated entirely within

63
Q

etiology of stain

A

Caused by predisposing factors, another factor, such a Dental plaque calculus foods and beverages and tobacco

64
Q

what tools can you use to identify a stain

A

medical/dental history
food record
oral hygiene habits

65
Q

direct stains

A

stain matches in to pellicle or plaque

smooth enamel will not allow stains to adhere

66
Q

indirect stains

A

stains that attach to calculus or soft deposits

67
Q

drug stains

A

Usually extrinsic sit things that come from drugs, prescription or not usually brown

68
Q

how do whitening agents eventually cause stain

A

wear of the enamel surface cause stains to seep through

69
Q

what 3 factors affect stain accumulation

A

predisposing factors
Personal care procedures, I can reduce stands
Advantages of starting a smoking cessation program

70
Q

what four things should be included when recording stains

A

Colour
Type
extent
location

71
Q

three basic steps in calculus formation

A

pellicle formation
plaque maturation
mineralization

72
Q

how many hours does it take for mature plaque to mineralize

A

24-72 hours

73
Q

source of minerals for supragingival calculus

A

saliva

74
Q

source of minerals for subgingival calculus

A

gingival sulcus fluid
inflammatory exudate

75
Q

where does crystal formation occur (calculus)

A

in the intercellular matrix
on the surface of the bacteria
within the bacteria

76
Q

4 types of crystals

A
  • hydroxyapatite
  • octocalcium phosphate
  • whitelockite
  • brushite
77
Q

average time for calculus to form

A

12 days
20 for slow formers
10 for rapid formers

78
Q

6 factors that contribute to rate of calculus formation

A
  • lack of mastication
  • unopposed teeth
  • some drugs (diuretics, beta blockers)
  • open bites
  • dialysis
  • tube fed patients
79
Q

what colour is supragingival calculus

A

yellow or white

80
Q

what colour is subgingival calculus

A

grey or black

81
Q

what are the layers between calculus called…?

A

incremental lines

82
Q

3 modes of calculus attachment

A
  • by means of acquired pellicle
  • attachment to irregularities on tooth
  • attachment by by direct contact between calcified intercellular matrix + tooth surface
83
Q

what kind of strokes should be used when polishing

A

short overlapping intermittent strokes

stains, depostis and polishing🦷 (2 decks)

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