Deployment Flashcards
AWS EC2 instance type for pay as you go?
On-demand
AWS EC2 instance type for reserving for a long period of time for a lower cost?
Reserved
AWS EC2 instance type for ensuring no shared physical resources?
Dedicated
AWS EC2 instance type for cheap instances and can be terminated at any point?
Spot
What does EBS contain?
Elastic Block Store: Contains the AMI, application and data
What AWS EBS type should you choose for high IOPS?
io1 (64,000 IOPS)
What AWS EBS type should you choose for high durability?
io2
What is the IOPS limit for a GP2 EBS volume?
16,000 IOPS
What is the best way to encrypt an unencrypted EBS volume?
Create a snapshot of the EBS volume and relaunch it, selecting encryption as an option
How do you ensure that all new volumes are encrypted by default?
Enable EBS encryption by default with a single setting per region
What are the four different types of load balancers?
Application Load Balancer, Network Load Balancer, Gateway Load Balancer & the Classic Load Balancer
What load balancer would you use for traffic operating at the TCP layer?
Network Load Balancer
What load balancer would you use for HTTP(S) traffic to direct traffic to specific targets within your VPC?
Application Load Balancer
An application is behind an ELB. How can it know the IP address of a client?
The “X-Forwarded-For” in the request header contains the client ip address
What is Route53 and what services can be used with it?
Amazon’s DNS service - Allows one to map your domain name to EC2, ELB or S3 buckets
What AWS service allows you to automate your build, test and release process every time there is a code change?
AWS CodePipeline
What AWS service allows you to store your code changes in a git repository?
AWS CodeCommit
What AWS service allows you to automate deployment?
AWS CodeDeploy
What is CI & CD (as used by AWS)?
Continuous Integration & Continuous Delivery
What AWS service is a managed CI service that compiles, runs tests and produces s/w packages that are easy to deploy?
AWS CodeBuild
What is Elastic Beanstalk?
An AWS service used for deploying & scaling web applications
Are there additional charges for using Elastic Beanstalk?
No - you only pay for the resources that you use
What are the compatible languages with Elastic Beanstalk?
Java, .NET, PHP, Node.js, Python, Ruby, Docker & Go
What services are integrated with Elastic Beanstalk?
EC2, S3 bucket, Load Balancer & Auto Scaling Group
Not Lambda
What is AWS CloudFormation?
An Infrastructure as Code (IaC) AWS Service which allows developers to provision and manage resources in an orderly fashion
What are the supported format(s) of an AWS CloudFormation template?
JSON or YAML
What are the elements of a CloudFormation template?
Format Version (optional), Description (optional), Metadata (optional), Parameters (optional), Rules (optional), Mappings (optional), Conditions (optional), Transform (optional), Resources (required) & Outputs (optional)
What is the CloudFormation “Parameters” template section used for?
Values to pass your template when your create/update your stack which can be referred to in the “Resources” or “Output” section
What is the CloudFormation “Rules” template section used for?
Validating parameter(s) passed to a template during stack creation
What is the CloudFormation “Transform” template section used for?
Specifies macros that the AWS CloudFormation uses to process your template.
Examples include:
- ‘AWS::Serverless’ to generate serverless resources (S3 bucket, DynamoDB etc’
- ‘AWS::Include’’ to work with other AWS CloudFormation templates
What is the CloudFormation “Resources” template section used for?
A required section that specifies the stack resources and their properties. e.g. EC2 instances
What is the CloudFormation “Outputs” template section used for?
Describes the values that are returned when you view your stack’s properties, e.g. an S3 bucket name created by your cloud formation stack
What does CloudFormation do if part of the stack creation fails?
Rolls back your changes of the stack
Can and should you have your database provisioned in Elastic Beanstalk?
You can but it is not considered best practice, if you want to delete your application with EB then it would delete your whole database which is generally not what you want.
It is best to define a DB separately from Elastic Beanstalk
What are some of the example of Cloud Formation Intrinsic functions?
Condition,
Fn::Transform,
Ref
What are some of the things you can do with Elastic Beanstalk?
Manage the deployment of your web application, domain name, manage security groups, monitor your application with CloudWatch metrics and alarms, configure load balancing, manage autoscaling,
What are the deployments options available?
All at Once, rolling, rolling with additional batches, immutable deployment
Describe the All at Once deployment strategy?
Deploy the new version to all instances simultaneously, all instances in your environment are out of service while the deployment occurs
Describe the Rolling deployment strategy?
Deploy the new version in batches, each batch is taken out of service during the deployment strategy. Your capacity is reduced by the number of instances in a batch.
Describe the Rolling with additional batch strategy?
Deploy the new version in batches but first launch a new batch of instances to ensure full capacity during the deployment process
Describe the “Immutable” deployment strategy?
Deploys the new version to a fresh group of instances by performing an immutable update. Automatically rolling back.
Describe the “Traffic splitting” policy?
Deploy the new version to a fresh group of instances and temporarily split the incoming client traffic between the existing app and the new one
What are the Elastic Beanstalk environmental health statuses and their meanings?
Green: OK (most instances passed health checks)
Yellow: Warning (Moderate number of request failures)
Red: (High number of request failures)
Grey: Suspended, updating, unknown
What is AWS SAM?
AWS Serverless Application Model - Open source framework for building serverless applications via API or CLI
Name some of the SAM CLI commands and their meanings?
sam package : Package up your application and upload to S3
sam deploy : Deploys your serverless application using CloudFormation
For Elastic Beanstalk what is the format for the DNS name of your web server?
(application-name).(aws-region).elasticbeanstalk.com
What is the CodeDeploy “appspec.yml” file?
A configuration file that defines how your app is deployed with 4 major sections: version, os, files & hooks.
What is the CodeBuild “buildspec.yml” file?
A configuration file that defines how your software is built with various phases
What are the CodeDeploy appspec formats permitted?
.yml or .json for lambda based deployments and all others it is .yml only
What are CodeDeploy “hooks”?
Defines scripts that are run at various points in the deployment the main sections are: "BeforeInstall" "AfterInstall" "ApplicationStart" "ValidateService"
Where are the “appspec.yml” and “buildspec.yml” files stored?
At the root directory of your application
What are the main “buildspec.yml” phases?
install, pre_build, build & post_build
What are Elastic Beanstalk supported platforms?
Apache http server, Tomcat, Nginx, Passenger and IIS
How do you customise your AWS Elastic Beanstalk environment?
The “.ebextensions” folder which is stored at the root of your application which contains “.config” files for configuration of your environment
What is an AMI?
Amazon Machine Image - A packaged-up environment that includes all the necessary bits to set up and boot your instance
What are the main EC2 instance types?
Memory Optimized: Ideal for fast performance for workloads that process large data sets in memory
Compute Optimized: Ideal for compute bound processes
Accelerated Computing: H/w accelerators for floating point number, data pattern matching or graphics processing
Storage Optimized: Designed for workloads that require high sequential read/write access in local storage
