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Microsoft Azure Administrator > Deploy and manage Azure compute resources > Flashcards

Deploy and manage Azure compute resources Flashcards

1
Q

What cloud service model does an Azure VM classify as?

A

infrastructure as a service (IaaS).

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2
Q

What is the responsibility of the cloud service provider in the infrastructure as a service (IaaS) cloud service model?

A

Datacenter/physical networking and hosts.

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3
Q

By default, do Azure VMs and networks communicate with external IPs?

A

No; Services outside the virtual network can’t connect to services within the virtual network.

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4
Q

How is the VM name determined?

A

Computer name set in the OS.

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5
Q

What is the max amount of characters that a VM name can be?

A

15 for windows, 64 for linux.

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6
Q

When choosing a VM name what is best practice?

A

Choose names that are meaningful and consistent to identify what the virtual machine does and where it is located.

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7
Q

What are common elements that can be included in the VM name?

A

Environment/purpose; Location; Instance/version; Service/Role.

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8
Q

When utilizing an Azure VM, what two components make up the total cost of VM usage?

A

Compute and Storage.

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9
Q

To better keep track of the compute and storage costs of an Azure VM, what is best practice?

A

Separate billing costs to better understand usage.

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10
Q

How are VM compute resources priced and billed?

A

Priced on a per-hour basis but billed on a per-minute basis.

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11
Q

What determines the ultimate cost of VM compute resources?

A

Price varies based on the virtual machine config and and operating system.

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12
Q

What are the two compute expense payment options?

A
  1. Consumption-based
  2. Reserved Virtual Machine Instances
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13
Q

Describe ‘Consumption-based’ compute expensing for Azure VMs

A

Pay for compute capacity by the second and able to scale/stop at any time.

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14
Q

What is the best use case for consumption based compute expensing for Azure VMs?

A

Applications with short-term or unpredictable workloads that can’t be interrupted.

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15
Q

Describe ‘Reserved Virtual Machine Instances’ compute expensing for Azure VMs

A

An upfront purchase of a VM for one or three years in a specified region.

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16
Q

What is the benefit of using reserved VM Instances?

A

72% price savings compared to pay-as-you-go pricing.

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17
Q

Can a reserved VM instance be terminated early or scaled?

A

Yes; Exchanged or returned for an early termination fee.

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18
Q

What is the best use case for reserved VM Instances?

A

If the virtual machine has to run continuously, or you need budget predictability.

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19
Q

How are storage expenses priced and billed for Azure VM instances?

A

Charged separately for the Azure Storage used by the virtual machine.

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20
Q

If a VM is powered off, or deleted, how is storage priced/billed?

A

Status of the VM has no relation to the Azure Storage charges incurred; Always charged for any Azure Storage used by the disks.

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21
Q

Can Azure VM host more than Windows/Linux OS?

A

Yes; Azure marketplace has install images for a variety of OS and other virtual systems/networking images.

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22
Q

How are VM capabilities determined?

A

Azure provides different configs that come with different levels of CPU, Memory, and storage instead of specifying them independently.

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23
Q

What is best practice when determining VM sizing and capabilities?

A

Consider the type of workload your virtual machine needs to run.

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24
Q

What are the Azure provided VM size classifications?

A

General purpose; Compute optimized; Memory optimized; Storage optimized; GPU; High performance computes.

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25
Q

By default, how many virtual disks (VHDs) are allocated to a VM?

A

Two disks: an operating system disk and a temporary disk.

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26
Q

Can additional virtual hard disks (VHDs) be added to a VM?

A

Yes; Also known as data disks.

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27
Q

Describe an OS virtual hard disk (VHD)

A

A pre-installed operating system registered as a SATA drive; Labeled “c:” by default.

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28
Q

What is best practice for utilizing a temporary disk?

A

Any data on the temporary drive shouldn’t be data that’s critical to the system or any application on the system.

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29
Q

What does Azure register a data disk as?

A

Registered as SCSI drives and are labeled with a letter you choose.

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30
Q

What is the max amount of VM storage Azure provides?

A

256TB

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31
Q

What is an Azure-managed virtual hard disk (VHD) stored as in Azure storage?

A

Stored as page blobs

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32
Q

Define ‘Azure Bastion’

A

Fully managed PaaS; Provides RDP/SSH connectivity to your virtual machines directly over SSL without the need for a public IP.

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33
Q

What is the best use case for a general purpose VM classification?

A

Testing/development; Small DBs; Low-Med traffic web servers.

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34
Q

What is the best use case for a compute optimized VM classification?

A

Medium traffic web servers; Network appliances; App servers.

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35
Q

What is the best use case for a memory optimized VM classification?

A

Relational DBs; med-large caches; in-memory analytics.

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36
Q

When managing an Azure VM, how should maintenance and downtime be considered?

A

An availability plan should be created; Include strategies for unplanned hardware maintenance, unexpected downtime, and planned maintenance.

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37
Q

Describe an availability set and its purpose

A

Logical grouping/deployment to ensure a group of related virtual machines are deployed and managed together.

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38
Q

What is best practice when placing VMs in an availability set?

A

All VMs should perform the identical set of functionalities and have the same software installed.

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39
Q

To ensure availability, how does Azure manage VMs in an availability set?

A

VMs in an availability set run across multiple physical servers, compute racks, storage units, and network switches.

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40
Q

Can a VM and an availability set be created at the same time?

A

Yes.

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41
Q

Can a VM be added to an availability set after its created?

A

No; Can only be added to an availability set when the virtual machine is created.

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42
Q

How/where can availability sets be created?

A

Azure portal, Azure Resource Manager (ARM) templates, scripting, or API tools.

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43
Q

Does Microsoft Azure provide SLAs for VMs?

A

Yes.

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44
Q

In regards to a VM availability set, what are the two node concepts Azure uses to ensure high availability when deploying or upgrading applications across an availability set?

A

Update domains and fault domains.

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45
Q

Define an “update domain”

A

A group of nodes that are upgraded together during the process of a service upgrade (or rollout).

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46
Q

What is the purpose/function of an update domain?

A

Allows Azure to perform incremental or rolling upgrades across a deployment.

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47
Q

How should VMs be organized into update domains?

A

a set of VMs and associated physical hardware that can be updated and rebooted at the same time.

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48
Q

When there is planned maintenance, how many update domains are updated at a time?

A

One at a time.

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49
Q

How many default update domains does Azure provide?

A

5

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50
Q

How many custom update domains can a tenant configure?

A

20 max

51
Q

Define a ‘fault domain’

A

A group of nodes that belong to the same physical rack/switch that share a singe point of failure.

52
Q

How many fault domains are needed to mitigate against hardware failures, network outages, power interruptions, or software updates?

A

2

53
Q

When placing VMs in an availability set, how are the VMs organized in the datacenter?

A

Each VM is located in a different fault domain.

54
Q

Define the purpose of an ‘availability zone’ and its logical makeup

A

Protects your applications and data from datacenter failures by combining a fault domain and an update domain.

55
Q

What is the physical representation of an availability zone?

A

Availability zones are unique physical locations within an Azure region.

56
Q

What does an availability zone consist of physically?

A

One or more datacenters that are equipped with independent power, cooling, and networking.

57
Q

How many availability zones are in an azure region?

A

A minimum of three separate zones in all enabled regions.

58
Q

What are the Azure resources and services that can use availability zones?

A

VMs and managed disks; Standard IP addresses; Zone-redundant Azure storage; Azure SQL.

59
Q

Describe a scalable VM

A

Can handle increases in requests without adversely affecting response time and throughput.

60
Q

What are the two types of scaling?

A

Vertical and Horizontal.

61
Q

Define ‘vertical scaling’

A

Increasing or decreasing the virtual machine size and compute power in response to a workload.

62
Q

Define ‘horizontal scaling’

A

Used to adjust the number of virtual machines in your configuration to support the changing workload.

63
Q

Between vertical and horizontal scaling, which has the least limitations and why?

A

Horizontal scaling has less limitations because depending on the vm size there can be a limit and vertical scaling requires the vm to stop and start.

64
Q

Define ‘VM reprovisioining’

A

The process of removing an existing virtual machine and replacing it with a new machine.

65
Q

Describe a ‘Virtual Machine Scale Set’

A

an Azure Compute resource that you can use to deploy and manage a set of identical virtual machines.

66
Q

What is the purpose of Virtual Machine Scale Sets?

A

To automatically increase/decrease the number of VMs as application demand fluctuates.

67
Q

What are the characteristics of the VMs in a Virtual Machine Scale Set?

A

All VMs created from set have the same base operating system image and configuration.

68
Q

Can Azure load balancer direct traffic to a VM scale set?

A

Yes.

69
Q

How do VMs in a scale set that use a load a balancer receive traffic?

A

They are treated as a pool.

70
Q

What is the max amount of VMs that can be created with a VM set?

A

1000 VMs or up to 600 for custom VM images.

71
Q

What is the orchestration mode when configuring a VM scale set?

A

Determines how VMs are managed and deployed by the scale set.

72
Q

What are the two orchestration modes Azure offers for VM scale sets?

A
  1. flexible
  2. uniform
73
Q

Define ‘flexible’ VM scale set orchestration

A

You must manually create and add a virtual machine of any configuration to the scale set.

74
Q

Define ‘uniform’ VM scale set orchestration

A

Define a virtual machine model and Azure will generate identical instances based on that model.

75
Q

When configuring a VM scale set, how is autoscaling configured?

A

By determining initial instance count, mi and max instance count, and the thresholds to scale in/out.

76
Q

Which Virtual Machine Scale Sets feature can be configured to add VMs during peak production?

A

Schedule-based rules.

77
Q

Define an ‘App service plan’

A

Defines a set of compute resources for a web application to run.

78
Q

What does an ‘app service plan’ consist of?

A

Computer resources needed to run a web app - similar to an app pool or server farm.

79
Q

How many applications can be configured to run in the same app service plan?

A

One or more.

80
Q

What 3 setting must be defined when configuring an app service plan?

A
  1. Region
  2. Number of VMs
  3. Size/config of VMs in the plan.
81
Q

Can new applications/VMs be added to an existing app service plan?

A

Yes; As long as the plan has enough resources.

82
Q

How can apps/VMs scale in a free/shared tier app service plan?

A

Apps/VMs can’t scale out.

83
Q

What are the two autoscaling rules?

A
  1. Metric based
  2. time-based (schedule-based)
84
Q

Define ‘metric based’ autoscaling

A

Measures application load to add or remove VMs based on the load.

85
Q

Define ‘time-based (schedule-based)’ autoscaling

A

Allow you to scale based on ranges of time.

86
Q

Which App Service Plan can you implement to support a Production team’s requirements?

A

Premium.

87
Q

Define ‘Azure app service’

A

Combines everything needed to create websites, mobile backends, and web APIs for any platform or device.

88
Q

When creating an app in azure app service, what must be remembered when specifying a name?

A

The name for your app must be globally unique.

89
Q

What are the two ways Azure app service can publish applicatoins?

A

As code or as a docker container.

90
Q

What are the two methods used to deploy an application through Azure app service?

A
  1. Automated
  2. Manual
91
Q

What subdomain does Azure assign to an app created in Azure app service?

A

azurewebsites.net

92
Q

To backup and restore an azure app service, what is required?

A

storage account and container in the same subscription as the app and standard/premium tier app service.

93
Q

When backing up an azure app with app service, what is included in the backup?

A
  • App configuration settings
  • File content
  • Any database connected to your app
94
Q

Describe a backup file and its contents

A

A zip file with backup data and an XML manifest file.

95
Q

What is the max amount of data a backup can hold?

A

Up to 10 GB of app and database content.

96
Q

Describe ‘Azure Application Insights’

A

a feature of Azure Monitor that lets you monitor your live applications by integrating the app service with application insights.

97
Q

What cloud deployment models does application insights function with?

A

On-premises, in a hybrid environment, or in any public cloud.

98
Q

When you clone a configuration from another deployment slot, which configuration setting follows the content across the swap?

A

Connection strings.

99
Q

Define a ‘deployment slot’

A

Help you organize different app stages; Development, test, stage, and production.

100
Q

Define ‘Containerization’

A

Allows you to virtualize the operating system; Containers within a virtual machine provide functionality similar to that of virtual machines within a physical server.

101
Q

What is the purpose of containerization?

A

Allows you to virtualize the operating system and run multiple applications within the same instance of an operating system, while maintaining isolation between the applications.

102
Q

Which technology provides a stronger security boundary, containers or VMs?

A

VMs because it provides complete isolation from the host OS and other VMs, while containers are hosted on the same OS.

103
Q

What are common ways to deploy a container?

A

Docker via CLI or Azure Kubernetes service.

104
Q

What persistent storage method do containers in Azure utilize?

A

Azure Disks for local storage for a single node, or Azure Files (SMB shares) for storage shared by multiple nodes or servers.

105
Q

How are containers created?

A

From a container image.

106
Q

Define a container image

A

A lightweight, standalone, executable package of software that includes everything to run an application.

107
Q

What are the 5 components of a container image?

A
  1. Code
  2. Runtime
  3. System Tools
  4. System libraries
  5. Settings
108
Q

What is the purpose of code in a container image?

A

Provides the applicaitons source code.

109
Q

What is the purpose of the runtime component in a container image?

A

Provides the environment required to execute the application.

110
Q

What is the purpose of the system tools component in a container image?

A

Utilities necessary for the application to function.

111
Q

What is the purpose of the system libraries component in a container image?

A

Shared libraries used by the application.

112
Q

What is the purpose of the settings component in a container image?

A

Configuration parameters specific to the application.

113
Q

What is the top-level resource for a container in Azure Container Instances?

A

A container group.

114
Q

Define a ‘container group’

A

A collection of containers that get scheduled on the same host machine.

115
Q

How does Azure container instances allocate resources for a container or a container group?

A

By adding together the resource requests (CPUs, memory, and GPUs) of all containers in the group.

116
Q

What are the two ways to deploy a container in Azure container instances.

A
  1. Azure Resource Manager (ARM) Template
  2. YAML file
117
Q

Can container groups share the same external facing IP or multiple ports on the same IP?

A

Yes

118
Q

Are containers in a container group scheduled on a single host?

A

Yes as well as the same DNS name.

119
Q

What are common uses of Azure container apps/instances?

A

Deploying API endpoints
Hosting background processing jobs
Handling event-driven processing
Running microservices.

120
Q

What cloud service model does Azure container apps follow?

A

PaaS

121
Q

What is Azure container apps designed for?

A

Designed for microservices and serverless applications.

122
Q

How are containers in Azure container instance billed?

A

Billing for Container Instances occurs when containers are in use.

123
Q

What cloud service model does Azure app service fall under?

A

A fully managed platform as a service (PaaS)

124
Q

How do containers in a container group interact with each other?

A

Containers in the group share a lifecycle, resources, local network, and storage volumes.

Microsoft Azure Administrator (7 decks)

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