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AZ 104 > Deploy and Manage Azure Compute Resources > Flashcards

Deploy and Manage Azure Compute Resources Flashcards

1
Q

Name the 7 basic elements of an ARM template

A

$schema

contentVersion

parameters

variables

functions

resources

outputs

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2
Q

What basic element of an ARM template provides source control to track changes made in the template ?

$schema
contentVersion
parameters
variables
functions
resources
outputs
A

contentVersion

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3
Q

If you are using expressions a lot, which element of the ARM template allows you to define expressions and reuse them across the template ?

$schema
contentVersion
parameters
variables
functions
resources
outputs
A

functions

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4
Q

Which element of the ARM template allows you to return values after a deployment ?

$schema
contentVersion
parameters
variables
functions
resources
outputs
A

outputs

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5
Q

This ARM template element creates an array of multiple objects, each defining the service it’s going to be deploying

$schema
contentVersion
parameters
variables
functions
resources
outputs
A

resource

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6
Q

Using ……………………. , users can define the various values that are passed at run time without changing the exact template file.

$schema
contentVersion
parameters
variables
functions
resources
outputs
A

parameters

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7
Q

The ………………………. are key elements when dealing with nested templates to pass the values from parent template to the child templates.

$schema
contentVersion
parameters
variables
functions
resources
outputs
A

parameters

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8
Q

…………….. define values which are used in your template to simplify template language.
Mostly, ……………….. are hard-coded values, but they also can be created dynamically using parameters or standard template functions.

$schema
contentVersion
parameters
variables
functions
resources
outputs
A

variables

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9
Q

In an ARM template, what does the dependsON declaration do ?

A

It determines which resource must be deployed first before a specific resource

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10
Q

What are the three building blocks for parametrizing your ARM templates ?

$schema
contentVersion
parameters
variables
functions
resources
outputs
A

parameters
variables
functions

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11
Q

To obtain user input for your ARM template, you need to use…

$schema
contentVersion
parameters
variables
functions
resources
outputs
A

paremeters

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12
Q

This section is used to keep a track of resources that are being deployed or updated.

$schema
contentVersion
parameters
variables
functions
resources
outputs
A

outputs

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13
Q

In an ARM template, how can you make your variables dynamic ?

A

use parameters and functions within declaration of variables

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14
Q

True or false : A VM must have a depandancy with the virtual network

A

False : A VM has a dependancy with a network interface. It doesn’t have to have a dependancy with a VNET, because the network interface already does

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15
Q

True or false : A VM has a dependancy with a network interface.

A

True

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16
Q

This element is where you set the size of the virtual machine.

In the resources section of the ARM template, which critical element is this ?

hardwareProfile
osProfile
storageProfile
networkProfile

A

hardwareProfile

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17
Q

This element at a basic level is where you set the computerName and adminUsername properties. (The adminPassword property is required if you do not specify an SSH key. )

In the resources section of the ARM template, which critical element is this ?

hardwareProfile
osProfile
storageProfile
networkProfile

A

osProfile

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18
Q

What are the three sub elements of the osProfile element of an ARM template, used for deploying VMs ?

A

windowsConfiguration
linuxConfiguration
secrets

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19
Q

This element is where OS image is specified, and the OS and data disk configuration are set.

In the resources section of the ARM template, which critical element is this ?

hardwareProfile
osProfile
storageProfile
networkProfile

A

storageProfile

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20
Q

This element is where the network interfaces for the virtual machine are specified.

In the resources section of the ARM template, which critical element is this ?

hardwareProfile
osProfile
storageProfile
networkProfile

A

networkProfile

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21
Q

ARM supports 2 deployment modes : …………………………. and …………………………

A

complete

incremental

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22
Q

In …………………………… mode, Azure Resource Manager deletes resources that exist in the resource group that are not in the template.

This is helpful if you need to remove a resource from Azure and you want to make sure your template matches the deployment.

A

complete

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23
Q

In …………………………….. mode, Azure Resource Manager leaves unchanged resources that exist in the resource group but aren’t in the template. It will update the resources in the resource group if the settings in the template differ from what is deployed.

A

incremental

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24
Q

When you are deploying ARM templates through either the Azure Portal, CLI tools, or through visual studio, what is the default mode of deployment

A

incremental mode

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25
Q

How can you deploy ARM templates in the complete mode ?

A

Either by using rest APIs or
“- Mode Complete” in powershell
or “– mode Complete” in shell

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26
Q

What are two options for configuring a VHD template ?

A
  1. Reference an image from the Azure Market Place

2. Reference an image you have previously created

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27
Q

In the resources section of an ARM template, where can you configure the VHD disk ?

A

storageProfile

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28
Q

To generate an ARM template, you can use the ………………………………. for the resource group. It generates a template that represents the current state of the resource group.

A

Automation Script menu option

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29
Q

Clicking the …………………………………… option allows you to paste in template code directly.

This allows you to author and then deploy templates using the Azure portal for simple testing.

A

Build Your Own Template In The Editor

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30
Q

When editing a template with in the Azure Portal / Template editor, what is the big advantage presented by the “edit parameters” option ?

A

A parameters file can be downloaded and is used to provide different behaviors for the template at deployment time without modifying the entire template.

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31
Q

What are three features of Azure that allow you to configure and build highly resilient and available systems ?

A

Availability zones
Availability sets
Load balancers

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32
Q

In an enabled region, what is the minimum number of availability zones ?

A

3 availability zones

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33
Q

………………….. are separate units - each with its own power, cooling, and network - which provide higher resiliency and protect applications and data from disruptions in the data centers

A

Availability Zones

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34
Q

A(n) ……………………………. represents a group of servers, which share power, cooling, and networking. A(n) ……………….. represents a group of servers that can be rebooted at the same time.

A

fault domain

update domain

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35
Q

When you create VMs in three availability zones, the VMs will automatically be distributed across how many fault domains ? How many update domains ?

A

3 fault domains

3 update domains

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36
Q

If you are unable to set an availability zone while creating the VM, what is the most likely problem ?

A

Most likely, Availability Zones are not yet available in the selected region

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37
Q

Each availability set can have up to ………….. update domains and …………… fault domains

A

20 update domains

3 fault domains

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38
Q

How many VMs are required in a single availability set in order to be able to provide redundancy ?

A

at least 2 VMs

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39
Q

What is a proximity placement group ?

A

A logical grouping of VMs to reduce latency by keeping them close together

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40
Q

When you create a VM, after selecting the region, what are the three options under “availability options” ?

How many may you select ?

A

“No infrastructure redundancy required”

“Availability Set

“Availability Zone”

Only one

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41
Q

What is an aligned availability set ?

A

When the VM uses managed disks and is placed in an availability set

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42
Q

A(n) …………………. ensures that all managed disks attached to a VM are within the same managed disk fault domain

A

aligned availability set

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43
Q

By default, a VMSS supports up to …………….. instances that are placed within a single …………….

A

100

placement group

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44
Q

How can you create a VMSS that supports up to 1000 instances ?

A

You need to place instances into multiple placement groups

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45
Q

Using multiple placement groups in a VMSS is commonly referred to as a(n) ………………………….

A

large scale set

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46
Q

You create a VMSS that will only need to scale up to 300 instances. Which should you use ?

A) Azure Load Balancer, basic SKU
B) Azure Load Balancer, standard SKU
C) Azure Application Gateway

A

Azure Load Balanacer, Basic SKU
It supports a max of 300 instances

Azure Load Balancer standard SKU and Azure Application Gateway can support 1000

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47
Q

True or false : All instances of a VMSS use the same OS disk image

A

True

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48
Q

What is a zone redundant scale set ?

A

A VMSS deployed to multiple availability zones

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49
Q

How can you create higher redundancy for a VMSS ?

A

Deploy the VMSS over multiple availability zones (zone redundant scale set)

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50
Q

The VMSS resource property “Upgrade policy” can be set to either automatic, rolling, or manual. Which option may cause downtime ? Which uses multiple batches ?

A

Automatic may cause downtime

Rolling uses multiple batches and helps avoid downtime

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51
Q

True or false : The Azure Portal creation process supports VM extensions for VMSS

A

False

They can be applied using CLI tools or an ARM template

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52
Q

What are the two spreading algorithms applicable to a VMSS ?

A

Max spreading

Fixed spreading

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53
Q

When doing advanced configurations for a VMSS, the …………………………………… decides how scale set instances will be placed in a fault domain

A

Spreading Algorithm

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54
Q

A VMSS with “Max spreading” distributes instances in …………

A

the maximum amount of fault domains possible for each availability zone used

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55
Q

A VMSS with a(n) ………………………….. restricts instances to exactly 5 fault domains

A

fixed spreading algorithm

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56
Q

For deploying a VMSS with multiple availability zones, which type of spreading algorithm is recommended ?

A

Max spreading algorithm

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57
Q

A VMSS is using a fixed spreading algorithm, and there are less than five fault domains available. What will happen ?

A

The deployment will fail

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58
Q

Why is the “health” tab important when creating a VMSS ?

A

Because you can enable health monitoring for the VMSS, which is necessary for automatic OS upgrades as well as other managed infrastructure features

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59
Q

What are the two most common virtual machine extensions ?

A

Windows PowerShell Desired State Configuration (DSC)

Custom Script Extension

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60
Q

The Windows PowerShell DSC extension defines the state of a VM using what language ?

A

It uses the PowerShell Desired State Configuration language

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61
Q

The Windows PowerShell DSC can perform continuous updates when integrated with the ………………………… service.

A

Azure Automation DSC service

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62
Q

The ………………………. extension can be used to execute an arbitrary command such as a bash file, regular PowerShell script, or a bash script

A

custom script

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63
Q

What kind of extension is ideal for bootstrapping a VM to an initial configuration ?

A

a custom script extension

64
Q

True or false : A custom script extension can be executed anytime the VM is running

A

True

65
Q

In the event your custom script extension fails to execute what is the first place to check to troubleshoot ?

A

The Windows or Linux log files

66
Q

What parameters does a custom script extension need in order execute ?

1) ………………………………….
2) ………………………………….
3) Any other parameters to pass the script

A

The URI where the script is accessed

The command to execute

67
Q

While ………………………………. are used to protect applications from hardware failures within an Azure data center, ……………………………………. , protect applications from complete Azure data center failures.

A

availability sets

availability zones

68
Q

What are the 4 essential parameters for configuring a VMSS ?

A

Minimum instances

Maximum instances

Metrics

Time

69
Q

What are the 6 different VM sizes ?

A 
General purpose
Compute optimized
Memory optimized
Storage optimized
GPU optimized
HPC
70
Q

Azure virtual machines make it relatively easy to change the size of a virtual machine, even after it has been deployed.

However what two things should you consider with this approach ?

A

The first consideration is to ensure that the region your VM is deployed to supports the instance size that you want to change the VM to.

The second consideration is whether the new size is supported in the current hardware clus- ter in which your VM is deployed.

71
Q

A VM whose size you want to change is part of an availability set.

The desired size is not available on this hardware cluster.

What must one do for the resizing operation ?

A

Make sure all VMs in the availability set are stopped before restarting with the target size

72
Q

True or false : VMs in the same availability set all use the same hardware cluster

A

True

73
Q

What are the three source types from which you can create a new Managed Disk ?

A

Snapshot
Storage blob
None

74
Q

When you create a virtual machine, you need to configure its network<

What are the 7 fields of the VM to configure and/or specify ?

A 
The VNET
The SUBNET
The Public IP
The NIC network security group
Public Inbound ports
Accelerated networking enabled
Add to existing load balancing pool
75
Q

This feature improves performance by bypassing the virtual switch between the host VM and the physical switch.

A

Accelerated networking

76
Q

True or false : A VM can only have one network interface

A

False, it can have multiple network interfaces

77
Q

After configuring the “networking” tab while creating a VM, what are two more things to add or create before deploying your VM ?

A
  1. Authentication options (username and password)

2. Add one or multiple network interfaces for a VM

78
Q

What protocol do you use to connect remotely to a Windows VM ?

A

Remote Desktop Protocol

79
Q

What protocol do you use to connect remotely to a Linux VM ?

A

SSH protocol

80
Q

What service Azure allows you connect remotely to both Linux VMs and Windows VMs ?

A

Azure Bastion

81
Q

When you enable disk encryption for a VM, what are the three options available to choose from under “Disks to encrypt” ?

A

None

OS Disk

OS Disks and Data disks

82
Q

What are the five steps for encrypting disks with a platform managed key ?

A
  1. Choose the VM disks to encrypt [OS disk, OS and data disks]
  2. Spin up a new Key Vault and a new Key
  3. Activate “Azure Disk Encryption for Volume Encryption” in the key vault
  4. Associate the new key with the target VM
  5. Save and restart the VM
83
Q

True or false : Storage accounts are always encrypted

A

True

84
Q

Azure Disk Encryption makes sure that ……………… are individually encrypted at rest

A

VHD files

85
Q

Where are the keys for encrypted VM disks stored ?

A

In the Azure Key Vault

86
Q

What are the two types of Azure Disk Encryption ?

Which one is the default ?

A
  1. Encryption at rest with a platform managed key (default)

2. Encryption at rest with a customer managed key

87
Q

What is a Disk Encryption Set ?

A

A resource for simplifying key management for managed disks.

It is automatically associated with a managed service identity in Azure AD

88
Q

When you specify a ………………………………… , that key is used to protect and control access to the key that encrypts your data.

A

customer-managed key

89
Q

For encryption at rest with a customer managed key, Azure Managed Disks uses ………………….., …………………., and ………………….

A

Disk Encryption Sets

Azure AD

Azure Key Vault

90
Q

What are the 4 steps for activating encryption at rest with a customer managed key ?

A
  1. An admin user creates the Disk Encryption Set
  2. A VM user encrypts disks by associating them to a Disk Encryption Set resource
  3. The managed disk uses the Managed Service Identity of the DES to authenticate with Azure AD for access to Azure Key Vault
  4. Managed Disks can then set get, wrap, and unwrap key requests to Azure Key Vault for the Data Encryption Key Protection
91
Q

Containers allow you to package an application and all its dependencies into a compressed package called a(n) ……………….

A

image

92
Q

A(n) ………………………………………… is the top-level object in ACI, and it represents all the containers running on a particular computer.

A

container group

93
Q

What deployment method allows you to deploy a container group to run multiple containers ?

A

using ARM templates

94
Q

True or false : When multiple containers are in the same container group, they share the same URL

A

True

95
Q

True or false : When multiple containers are in the same container group, each container has a different URL

A

False

96
Q

When multiple containers are in a container group, they share the same URL, so you’ll need to specify a separate………………………. for each container.

A

port

97
Q

Multi container groups are only currently supported on ……..

A) Windows
B) Linux

A

B) Linux

98
Q

The containers in a ……………………………. share a lifecycle, resources, local network, and storage volumes.

A

container group

99
Q

What is the approximate equivalent to a container group in Kubernetes ?

A

a pod

100
Q

In Azure Container Instances, by default, how many CPU cores does a single container use ? What is the max number of CPU cores it can use ?

A

it uses 1 CPU core by default

it can use up to 4 CPU cores maximum

101
Q

If you want to change the number of cores or amount of memory of a single ACI container instance, what must one do ?

A

You have to delete the existing container and deploy a new one of the desired size.

102
Q

AKS deployments run in a cluster, and each computer in the cluster is referred to as a(n) …………………

A

node

103
Q

In AKS, there is a single node that’s responsible for the other nodes in the cluster, and that node is commonly referred to as the ………………………..

A

control plane

104
Q

With AKS, when multiple containers are running in a pod, they share ……………….. and …………………….

A

storage

a single IP address

105
Q

When creating Azure Disks for an AKS cluster, in which resource group should you deploy the disks ?

A

The same resource group that contains the AKS cluster

106
Q

True or false : Azure disks can be used by multiple pods in an AKS cluster

A

False

Azure Disks can only be used by a single pod

107
Q

What storage service should you use if you need persistent data for multiple pods in an AKS cluster ?

A

Azure Files

108
Q

Persistent volumes can also use ……………………… or …………………………., and they can either be created by the AKS cluster administrator or by the Kubernetes API.

A

Azure Files

Azure Disks

109
Q

When you create storage with the pod in an AKS cluster, is the storage persistent ?

A

No, the storage will be deleted when the pod is deleted

110
Q

Where do persistant volumes exist within an AKS cluster ?

A

Within the cluster but outside of any individual pod

111
Q

Kubernetes connects the persistent volume to the pod using a ………………………..

A

persistent volume claim

112
Q

To manually scale your pods, you can use ……………….. , a command-line tool provided by Kubernetes.

A

Kubectl

113
Q

Kubernetes provides two autoscaler components to make it easy to configure auto-scaling; the ……………………………….. and the ………………………………

A

horizontal pod autoscaler (HPA)

cluster autoscaler

114
Q

What underlying technology or service does AKS use to do cluster autoscaling ?

A

VMSS

115
Q

When creating an AKS cluster, you have two options for networking:…………………………. and …………………….. .

A

kubenet

Azure Container Networking Interface (CNI)

116
Q

kubenet networking for an AKS cluster is also known as ……………………..

A

basic networking

117
Q

CNI networking for an AKS cluster is also known as ………………………….

A

Advanced networking

118
Q

What is the difference between CNI networking and kubenet networking ?

A

When you use kubenet networking, each node in the cluster gets an IP address from the VNet subnet where the cluster is deployed.
However, each pod within the cluster gets an internal IP address from an address space explicitly set aside for the pods

When you use CNI networking, both the nodes and the pods receive an IP address from the subnet.

119
Q

In an AKS cluster, which form of networking requires less IP addresses, but also Network Address Translation (NAT) to communicate with the pods ?

A

kubenet networking

120
Q

When upgrading an AKS cluster, Kubernetes updates

A) all nodes at once
B) one node at a time

A

B) one node at a time

121
Q

True or false : When upgrading an AKS cluster, you cannot skip minor versions. For example, you can’t upgrade from version 1.19.3 to version 1.21.1. You would first have to upgrade to a 1.20 build and then upgrade again to version 1.21.1.

A

True

122
Q

True or false : When upgrading an AKS cluster, you can skip minor versions. For example, you can upgrade from version 1.19.3 to version 1.21.1.

A

false

123
Q

The IP addresses for your pods in an AKS cluster are constantly changing. For that reason, Kubernetes implements the concept of a(n) …………………… that sits between incoming network traffic and one or more identical pods.

A

service

124
Q

When network traffic needs to reach a particular pod in an AKS cluster, the traffic is received by the service.
The service will then balance the traffic to the pods using a round robin algorithm.

What are the 4 types of services ?

A

■ Cluster IP - Provides an internal IP address that can only be used within the AKS cluster.
■ NodePort - Provides a port mapping on the node, allowing network traffic to reach the node using the specified port. (Note that a different port can then be used from the service to the actual pod.)
■ LoadBalancer - Provides an Azure Load Balancer and an external IP address to allow access to the node as per load balancing rules that are created. (Internal load balancers can be created to restrict access from the Internet.)
■ ExternalName - Provides a DNS entry for AKS nodes.

125
Q

Which type of networking service for AKS does this describe ?

  • Provides a port mapping on the node, allowing network traffic to reach the node using the specified port.

■ Cluster IP
■ NodePort
■ LoadBalancer
■ ExternalName

A

■ NodePort

126
Q

Which type of networking service for AKS does this describe ?

  • Provides a DNS entry for AKS nodes.

■ Cluster IP
■ NodePort
■ LoadBalancer
■ ExternalName

A

■ ExternalName

127
Q

Which type of networking service for AKS does this describe ?

  • Provides an internal IP address that can only be used within the AKS cluster.

■ Cluster IP
■ NodePort
■ LoadBalancer
■ ExternalName

A

■ Cluster IP

128
Q

Which type of networking service for AKS does this describe ?

  • Provides an Azure Load Balancer and an external IP address to allow access to the node as per load balancing rules that are created. (Internal load balancers can be created to restrict access from the Internet.)

■ Cluster IP
■ NodePort
■ LoadBalancer
■ ExternalName

A

■ LoadBalancer

129
Q

Where does one configure and create their Azure App Service Plan ?

A

In the Azure Marketplace

130
Q

True or false : When App Service scales your app to a new tier (scaling up), there is some downtime due to spinning up the new VM

A

False

131
Q

True or false : When App Service scales your app to a new tier (scaling up), it will take steps to ensure your application remains available during the scaling process.

A

True

132
Q

What is the biggest benefit of the Azure App Service ?

A

The flexibility to scale both vertically and horizontally

133
Q

When an App Service plan runs on more than one instance, the front-end …………………………. will use a …………………………………….. to load balance between all instances.

A

load balancer

round robin algorithm

134
Q

Azure App Service is a ……………………………… offering that makes it easy to host a web app in the cloud.

SaaS
PaaS
IaaS

A

PaaS

135
Q

When you configure an autoscale rule to scale OUT for a specific metric, what should you create as a second rule ?

A

A rule that scales IN when your metric drops below your desired threshold

136
Q

When configuring scale out options in your Azure App Service plan, and you choose a custom auto scale, what condition applies when no other scale conditions are met ?

A

The Default scale condition

137
Q

Where does one create a new App Service ?

A

From the Azure Market Place

138
Q

App Service uses …………………….. authentication when configuring a third-party identity provider.

Secrets that you provide to configure the provider are securely stored in …………………………….

A

OAUTH

Azure Key Vault

139
Q

While creating a Web App from the Azure Market Place, you don’t see your desired Azure App Service Plan.

What two things should you check ?

A

The OS - it needs to be the same OS as your App Service Plan

The Region - It needs to be in the same region as your App Service Plan

140
Q

What is the easiest way to configure a custom domain name in Azure ?

A

Buy an App Service Domain

141
Q

What does the App Service Domain use to manage your custom domain ?

A

Azure DNS

GoDaddy (registrar)

142
Q

When you configure a 3rd party custom domain name for your Azure App Service, why does it sometimes takes 48 or even 72 hours to be able to validate ?

A

Because your 3rd party domain registrar needs time to update their DNS records

143
Q

………………… are instructions that live in DNS servers and provide information about a domain including what IP address is associated with what domain, and how to handle requests for that

A

DNS records

144
Q

What are the two configurable cadences for App Service Backup ?

A

Manually

On a schedule

145
Q

True or false : App Service Backups are not incremental

A

True

146
Q

Where do App Service Backups get backed up to ?

A

To a container within the storage account

147
Q

What is the max size of an App back up ? (app content + any DB)

A

10 Gigabytes per backup

148
Q

True or false : Azure App Service backups can be retained for an indefinite amount of time

A

True

149
Q

In order to use App Service Backup, what tier must the App Service Plan belong to ?

A

Either Standard or Premium Tier

150
Q

If the Azure Storage Account and the container for backup destination is in a different Azure subscription than the App service App, will the back up operation work ?

Why or why not ?

A

No, it will fail.

The storage account and its container must be in the same subscription as the application targeted for backup

151
Q

What are the three most common ways to allow a web app in your Azure App Service to communicate with other resources in your network ?

A
  1. Private endpoints
  2. VNET integration
  3. Hybrid Connection
152
Q

Hybrid connection creates a wormhole on ……………… protocol and on port ………….

A

TCP

443

153
Q

Which of the following App service plans allow for deployment slots ?

Isolated
Premium
Standard
Free
Shared
Basic
A

Isolated, Premium and Standard

154
Q

A(n) ………………………. is a file that contains information and settings that Visual Studio uses to deploy applications and services to Azure

A

publish profile

155
Q

True or false : Each deployment slot in an App Service Plan has its own hostname

A

True

AZ 104 (6 decks)

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