deontology Flashcards
he is a german enlightenment philosopher who thought to herald the copemican revolution in philosophy
immanuel kant
immanuel kant’s brilliant idea
epistemology and ethics
when was immanuel kant born
april 22 1724
when did immanuel kant die
february 12 1804
immanuel’s real name in old prussian almanac
emanuel
where did immanuel live
konigsberg
immanuel changed his name because it was a more faithful rendition
true
what time did immanuel always go out to their town
4 in the afternoon
what are immanuels three philosophical questions
what can i know
what ought i to do
what can i hope for
what is moral conviction
doing the right thing is everyone’s duty
in the case of reggie, a passanger left their baggage in his taxi car. he did not hesistate as he saw the bag, he returned the bag without expecting any award or reward. the moral conviction is one’s duty to do the right thing.
hence, reggie has moral conviction because he did the right thing.
a word which is derived from the old french “dev,” and “owed”
duty
obliged to pay
owe
a word which is derived from the latin word “ligare” meaning “to bind”
obligation
this is literally the study of duty/moral obligation
deontology
a moral theory which asserts that the morality of an action is based on rules governing duties rather than consequences of an action or motives of an agent
true
consequences are more important than actions in determining the moral quality of an action
false. consequences - action and vice versa
also called the moral conviction
principle of action
to hold the moral conviction means believeing it is one’s duty to do the right thing no matter what
true
the moral theory that evil waits actions that are done because of duty is called
deontology
immanuel’s book
the groundwork towards the metpahysics of morals
in immanuel’s book, he brings our attention to the fact that we, human beings, have the faculty called ______
rational will
this is the capacity to act according to self-determined principles
rational will
principles are part of pur human nature as rational beings
true
understanding rational will to act according to self-determined principles would lead us to point the similarities of animals and human beings
false. similarities - difference
meaning the organisms have the ability to perceive and navigate its external environment
sentient
animals are sentient organisms
true
animals interacts to their surroundings while we humans react to stimuli in order to survive and thrive
true
this is the capaticy of a person, in philosophical discussions about human freedom, to be the cause of her actions based on reasons and not merely to mindlessly react to a certain environment, to a simulus and bases impulses or instincts.
agency
consists of the mental faculty to construct ideas and thoughs that are beyond our immediate surroundings
rationality
this is the capacity for mental abstractions which arises from the ooeration of the faculty of prison
rationality
we determine feelings from certain experiences
true
we dont have the ability to stop and to think about what we are doing
false. we have
as individuals, we are gifted with will and we have rational will
true
we can translate our thoughts into actions
true
we can remove ourselves from immediacy of our surroundings and reflect on our actions and how actions affect the world
true
we cannot imagine a different and better world, create mental images of how we interact with other people in the world
false, we can
the reason is the action
false, thought
the will is the thought
false. action
capacity to imagine, create, plan a better world
first construction
capacity to act, enact and carry out the plan of a better world
second construction
construct in the act first before thinking
false. think - act and vice versa
we human do not only have the ability to imagine but also act
true
the faculty to intervene un the world to act in a manner that is consistent
rational will
the ability to act our thoughts is the basis for rational will
true
animals have the sense of immediacy
true
animals’ actions are not negated by any intervening factor
true
human beings do not think and do not reflect
false. human beings - animals
animals know how to deliberate on their actions
false. they dont
animals do not know good or bad actions
true
human beings have the ability to stop
true
human beings have the sense of mediation
true
animals do not only react to their environment but act in accordance to certain moral principles
false. animals - human beings
your rational will is victorious over your bodily impulses as long as you stay awake
true
the capacity or ability to act based on intentions
agency
we do not simply act in accordance with our impulses and desires
true
we are able to think, to reflect, to deliberate on what could be the possible considering our intentions and mental states
true
agency is the faculty to intervene in the world, to act in a manner consistent with reason
true
capacity of a person to be the cause of one’s actions based on reasons
agency
animals react to response based on reason
false. reason - stimulus
humans act certain actions based on reason
true
closely connected to the rational will is
autonomy
faculty of rational will
autonomy
this is the property of deontology according to kant
autonomy
meaning to greek work autos
self
meaning of the greek word nomos
law
this faculty means self law and self rule
autonomy
inner principle of a person
self
something that directs, determines, regulates movement, action, behavior
law
the will is considered that is subject to a principle or law
true
autonomy is not only subject to the law, but in such a way that it gives law to itself
true
the will cannot be considered as the author of the law
false. can
heteronomy, based on etymology, would refer to other law
true
meaning of the greek word hetero
other
autonomous acts based on reason and heteronomous acts based on impulses
true
autonomous is self law, self acting, self directing, self determining
true
autonomous is other than the self law
false. heteronomous
heteronomous is acted upon, being dorected, determined and forces
true
heteronomous does not need external agent to tell us how to act
false. autonomous
autonomous is self driven while heteronomous is externally driven
true
heteronomous is taken upon oneself while autonomous is imposed upon oneself
false. vice versa
when we thinknof someone being the subject of law, we usually think of an imposing authority figure
true
word that is derived from the latin word “principis” meaning “first, beginning, orginin”
principle
the will must comply with the law which is the authority figure
true
in the concept of immanuel. being autonomous refer to the quality of being the author, origin or first cause of your action
true
being autonomous needs for an externak authority to impose to action on another individual
false. needs - doesnt need
in autonmous action, the self is the principle or self legislating authority of the law governing one’s action
true
a human choice is affected by not determined by
sensible impulses
autonomy is the pure reason
true
rational will is reason driven while animal instinct is impulse driven
true
rational will and animal instinct are both automatic
true
rational will is the external law (outer self) while animal instinct is the inner self
false. vice versa
immanuel claims that there is a difference between rationall will and animal instinct
true
determinable only by inclination like sensible impulses or stimulis would be an animal choice
free choice
kant says in his book, the choice can be determind by purrsan is free choice
true
this is usually bodilu and emotional, our urge to sleep, to eat, compromises the set of human compulsions for survival or propagation of human species
examples. we get angry, we got the impulse to hurt
sensible impulses
autonomy is freedom, the capacity to make free choices
true
free choice is an action determined by
pure reason
determined by sensible impulses and is the animal’s choice
arbitrum brutum
this mental capacity is what makes the intervention possible between stimulus and reaction
autonomy
we should refrain from reacting mindlessly to triggering stimuli and insteadnconstruct a rational response
true
we should orient our actions towards an overall
trie
we are capable of these aims that are mental constructions of the faculty of reason
true
human choices cannot be affected by impulses
false. cannot - can
reasons dont automatically cause the actions, we reflect and we deliberate
false. reasons - impulses
these were the correlative conjunction that are useful when we claim the human person is not only an animal but also rational
true
we admit the possible causes of our actions that is sensible impulses in the faculty of reason and it’s here where human freedom would reside
true
act of good will or from the solemotive of duty
pure practical reason
