dentition Flashcards
Incisors (I)
on the labial side
teeth: (2,4)
spatulate with a single sharp cutting edge sloping mesial distally
marginal ridges
cingulum at cervix
maxillary are larger than mandibular
one root, flat or groove sided
anterior teeth
canines (C)
on the labial side
teeth: (1,2)
like an incisor but pointed
asymmetric
maxillary is much larger than the mandibular
anterior teeth
premolar
on the buccal side
teeth: (,4)
usually 2 cusps, 1 root
in humans serve same purpose as molars
posterior teeth
molars (M)
on the buccal side
grinding function
size & stability M1>M2>M3
4-5 cusps but can have up to 7
M1 starts to develop before birth
have the most variants and morphology
posterior teeth
deciduous teeth
20 teeth
no premolar, missing 3 molar
child
formula: 2,1,2
all have root resorption that starts at the bottom of the root to the crown.
all roots are “sharp”
permanent teeth
32 teeth
formula: 2,1,2,3
human dental formula
2.1.2.3
(cut in half)
2 incisors, 1 canine, 2 premolars, 3 molar
human vs non human
dentine
second layer inside of tooth
located in both crown and root
makes up the bulk of the tooth beneath the enamel and cementum
lines the pulp cavity
enamel
shiny, outer layer
the protective outer surface of the anatomic crown
96% mineral
hardest tissue in the body
pulp chamber
innermost layer, leads to canal, blood vessels/ nerves
has formative, sensory, nutritive, and functions during the life of the tooth
the space i the tooth that in life contains the pulp or “nerve” of the tooth, will be absent in our specimens in class. it has a coronal (crown) portion and a radicular (root) portion (usually called the root canal)
cementum
outside of root
this substance covers the surface of the anatomic root
root
can be used in 2 ways:
1. the anatomical root is the portion of the tooth that is covered with cementum, a bone-like substance that facilitates anchorage of the tooth in its bony socket (the alveolus)
- the clinical root is that part of the anatomical root that is actually embedded in the jaw. in a patient with advanced bone loss, the clinical root may be reduced in size
neck
area between the crown and the root
crown
term can be used in 2 ways:
1. the anatomical crown is covered with enamel
- the clinical crown is the portion of the anatomical crown that is visible clinically. its what you see when you look into the mouth
root canal
the pulp chamber
a space within the root of a tooth
contains the pulp chamber, also has the main canal
cervical line
the line that separates the anatomic crown from the anatomic root. junction between 2 tissues (the enamel and cementum).
also called the cemento-enamel junction (CEJ)
also called the cervix of the tooth
cusp
a point or peak on the occlusal surface of molar and premolar teeth and on the incisal edges of canines.
also defined as: an elevation on the occlusal surface crown of a tooth making up a divisional part of the occlusal surface.
lingual
tongue side
buccal
cheek side
facial surface of anterior teeth towards the cheeks
occlusal
bite
biting surface
that surface that articulates with an antagonist tooth in a opposing arch
apical
root tip
towards the apex
labial
lip
facial surface of anterior teeth
caries
a disease process resulting in demineralization of dental tissues
hypoplasia
disturbance of enamel formations that often manifests in transverse lines
occlusal plane
a plane formed by the cusps of the teeth. it is often curved, as in a cylinder. often referred to as the occlusal surface of a tooth
median sagittal plane
the imaginary plane in the center that divides the right from the left
median line
an imaginary line on that plane that bisects the dental arch at the center of
mesial
toward the center line of the dental arch
distal
away from the center line of the dental arch
proximal
the surface of a tooth that is toward another tooth in the arch
facial
towards the cheeks or lips
incisal
cutting edge of anterior teeth
cinglulum
a bulge or elevation on the lingual surface of incisors or canines.
it makes up the bulk of the cervical third of the lingual surface.
resembles a girdle
lobe
one of the primary centers of formation in the development of the crown of the tooth
mamelon
a lobe seen on anterior teeth
any one of the three rounded protuberances seen on the unworn surfaces of freshly erupted anterior teeth
ridge
any linear elevation on the surface of a tooth.
named according to its location or form
marginal ridges
rounded borders of enamel forming the margins of the surfaces or premolars and molars, mesially and distally, and the mesial and distal margins of the incisors and canines lingually
triangular ridges
ridges descending from the tips of the cusps of molars and premolars toward the central part of the occlusal surface
transverse ridges
created when a buccal and lingual triangular ridge join. the union of two triangular ridges crossing transversely across the surface of a posterior tooth
oblique ridges
seen on maxillary molars and are companion to the distal oblique groove
cervical ridges
the height of contour at the gingival, on certain deciduous and permanent teeth
fossa
an irregular, founded depression or concavity found on the surface of a tooth.
a lingual fossa in found on the lingual surface of incisors.
a central fossa is found on the occlusal surface of a molar.
they are formed by the converging of ridges terminating at a central point in the bottom of a depression where there is a junction of grooves
pit
a small pinpoint depression located at the junction of developmental grooves or at the terminals of these grooves.
a central pit is found in the central fossa on the occlusal surfaces of molars where developmental grooves join.
a pit is often the site of the onset of dental cavities
developmental groove
a sharply defined narrow and linear depression formed during tooth development and usually separating lobes or major portions of a tooth
major grooves are named according to their location
supplemental groove
a shallow depression but is usually less distinct and is more variable than a developmental groove and does not mark the junction of primary parts of a tooth
buccal and lingual grooves
they are developmental grooves found on the buccal and lingual surfaces of posterior teeth
tubercle
a small elevation produced by an extra formation of enamel.
occur in marginal ridges of posterior teeth or the cingulum or anterior teeth
deviations of the typical form
interproximal space
the triangular space between the adjacent teeth cervical to the contact point.
the base of the triangle is the alveolar bone; the sides ate the proximal surfaces of the adjacent teeth.
the interproximal space is normally filled by the gingival papillae
embrasures
when 2 teeth in the same arch are in contact, their curvatures adjacent to the contact areas form spillway spaces.
there are 3 embrasures:
1. facial (buccal or labial)
2. occlusal or incisal
3. lingual
anterior deciduous teeth
smaller
proportionally different (crowns bulge compared to the roots)
root absorbs into the body
shorter roots
wear quickly (thin enamel)
relatively short crowns
cervical constriction
mesial edge is longer than the distal
deciduous maxillary molars
2nd molar looks like 1 premolar, and looks most like permanent tooth
3 roots oriented on the 2 buccal roots.
roots are widely spread out
1st is unlike any permanent molar.
bulge at the cingulum
deciduous mandibular molars
2nd molar looks most like permanent tooth
roots still mesial and buccal
bulge at @ mesial buccal corner (used to determine L and R)
m1 is much smaller/irregular then M1
cusps are close together/ in rows
mesial marginal ridge
widespread roots
large pulp chambers
order to name tooth
- Maxillary vs Mandibular (upper vs lower)
- left vs right
- permanent vs deciduous
- number of tooth (or central vs lateral)
- type of tooth
rules of shorthand
Capital = permanent: lowercase = deciduous.
Mandibular and Maxillary have 2 different ways of being represented
U= upper; or use superscript = maxillary
L = lower; or use subscript = mandibular.
the side of the tooth will always come first (L, l= left and R,r= right)
the number of the tooth will be what is in the sub/super script (1-4)
Calculus
Calcified deposit found on sides of crowns
