Dentistry, malocclusions, fractures etc. Flashcards
Describing Malocclusions. (6)
Functional and pain-free vs. nonfunctional, painful/traumatizing
One vs. several teeth
Symmetrical vs. asymmetrical
Dental vs. skeletal
Hereditary vs. acquired
Classification classes 1, 2, 3, (4)
normal occlusion
Pictures should be taken mouth close lip raised! From directly in front and from the side.
“The lid is slightly larger than the box” upper teeth should slightly overlay the lower.
Class 1 malocclusion,
1 or a couple teeth involved, relationship of maxilla and mandibles normal with persistent deciduous tooth and mesioversion of a canine (so-called
lance canine/saber tooth)
what dog breed is prone to saber teeth?
shelties
Class 2 malocclusion, mandibular distoclusion (overbite, retrognathism)
mandible too short in relation to maxilla
PAINFUL! With few exceptions.
think about e.g. sharp puppy teeth hitting the hard palate because of malocclusion, definitely painful.
extract the poking teeth or do crown extension to alter the interlock.
Class 3 malocclusion,
mandible too long in relation to maxilla.
(underbite, Prognathism)
Can be pain-free, but not always.
Considered ‘normal’ for some breeds.
What do these have in common?
all have rotation and crowding
which tooth material is impermeable
enamel is impermeable but dentin have microtubular structure
cementum is also permeable
Treatment of malocclusion, rotation and crowding? (4)
Early extraction of deciduous teeth –
interceptive orthodontics
Gingivoplasty can sometimes be enough
Extractions, crown shortening + pulp
amputation and capping or conventional root canal tx
Orthodontics
Purpose of Early extraction of deciduous teeth
Also called interceptive orthodontics.
Releases the adverse dental interlock to allow the bones to grow IF genetically able to.
In 8.-12. wks puppy.
Overall success 20%?
What is Rubber ball therapy?
Rubber ball therapy is a non-surgical method used in the treatment of certain types of canine malocclusion, specifically base-narrow canine teeth.
This therapy utilizes a specialized rubber ball (or a similar object) to gradually encourage proper alignment of a dog’s lower canine teeth.
base-narrow mandibular canines, where the lower canine teeth are positioned too close to the center of the mouth. They may poke into the roof of the mouth (palate), causing pain and injury.
The ball serves as an orthodontic tool by:
Promoting lateral pressure on the mandibular canines, helping to guide them outward into a more natural, wider position.
Explain acrylic planes place against the maxilla for malocclusion correction.
also known as inclined planes, are orthodontic devices used to correct certain types of canine malocclusion in dogs, particularly issues involving the base-narrow lower canine teeth.
These devices are custom-made and placed on the upper jaw (maxilla) to help guide the lower teeth into a more natural and functional position.
Whats this
inclined plane for correction of malocclusion
buttons-chains are used to correct malocclusion such has this canine labialversion
Describe Persistent deciduous teeth
Deciduous tooth and its permanent
successor present simultaneously.
↑↑ risk of periodontitis and
development/worsening of malocclusions
Hereditary background (as of present
knowledge considered a type of
malocclusion)
Extract as soon as possible!
Describe Missing teeth
Assess whether Truly missing vs impacted/retained teeth.
Hereditary/congenital vs. trauma vs.
insufficient room (impaction) vs.
extracted/fallen out
Always investigate! An Unerupted present
tooth is a risk for cyst development!
Unerupted tooth (impacted/embedded)
Malformed tooth – missing crown
Supernumerary permanent teeth
Unerupted permanent teeth
(impacted/embedded)
Dentigerous cyst
Supernumerary permanent teeth
Horizontal and vertical bone loss
Tooth resorption
Other deviations of normal dental shape/development: (3)
Consider the Clinical importance?
Deviations of the shape of root
Deformed teeth (!dens in dente aka dens invaginatus!)
Enamel defects (enamel hypoplasia/ dysplasia)
Changes in root shape
Converging roots
Dens invaginatus /dens in dente
Define Dens invaginatus /dens in dente
Dens invaginatus, also known as dens in dente, is a rare dental anomaly where the outer enamel folds inward, creating a tooth-within-a-tooth appearance.
This condition typically affects maxillary lateral incisors and can lead to increased risk of tooth decay and pulp infection due to the unusual anatomy.
Supernumerary root
Bone loss due to periodontitis
Describe Injuries of dental hard tissue. (6)
Fractures – open or complicated (pulp exposure) vs. closed or uncomplicated (no pulp exposure).
Wear (attrition, abrasion)
Discoloration – extrinsic vs. intrinsic– (intrinsic –> as a rule = dead tooth – appr. 94% have dead pulp)
Avulsion/luxation
Enamel defect
Periapical abscess – apical periodontitis is a possible sequel of dental injuries.
Enamel defect (hypo/dysplasia)
What type of fractures require treatment?
Fractures with pulp exposure require extraction (also deciduous teeth!), alternatively, root canal treatment (some
cases live pulp capping).
Tx of tooth wear or closed fractures. (3)
At min. radiographic check and follow-up checks.
Consider covering the fracture with
filling materials especially with young patients and fresh fractures.
And if periapical changes/ any indication of pulp death -> extraction or root canal tx.
Tx of tooth Avulsion/luxation.
If it is not caused by periodontitis and the root is whole, possible fast replacement (with splinting) + root canal tx, but often just extraction.
Describe diagnostics of Oral masses and gingival hyperplasia.
Always biopsy EACH AND EVERY MASS
SEPARATELY, cannot visually
differentiate benign vs malignant!
Do diagnostic imaging – Xray, CT, MRI
oral mass
