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Special Topics: Small Animal > Dentistry > Flashcards

Dentistry Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 4 stages of periodontal disease?

A

Stage 1: Gingivitis
Stage 2: Advanced gingivitis
Stage 3: True periodontitis
Stage 4: Advanced periodontitis

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2
Q

What is CUPS?

A

disease of the soft tissue

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3
Q

What is assessed while the patient is awake?

A

Occlusion
Any persistant deciduous teeth
Overall appearance of soft tissue
Estimated stage of periodontal disease if any

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4
Q

What is the goal of an intraoral exam?

A

Inform O of treatment plan
Give an estimate of cost
Schedule an appropriate amount of time

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5
Q

Incisive Papilla

A

Bump that is midline, caudal to maxillary incisors

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6
Q

Which salivary ducts are on quadrants 1 and 2?

A

Zygonatic

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7
Q

What is the periodontium composed of?

A

Gingiva
Cementum
Periodontal
Alveolar bone

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8
Q

How many permanent teeth do adult dogs have?

A

42

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9
Q

How many permanent teeth do adult cats have?

A

30

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10
Q

How many deciduous teeth do puppies have?

A

28

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11
Q

How many deciduous teeth do kittens have?

A

26

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12
Q

Canine dental formula

A

(I3/3 C1/1 P4/4 M2/3) x2

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13
Q

Cat dental formula

A

(I3/3 C1/1 P3/2 M1/1) x2

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14
Q

Malocclusion

A

An abnormality in the way the teeth occlude

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15
Q

How many classes of malocclusions are there?

A

4 classes

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16
Q

What is Class 1 malocclusion?

A

One or more teeth are in an abnormal position

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17
Q

What is Class II-IV malocclusion?

A

Skeletal malocclusions due to the differing jaw lengths

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18
Q

Class I: Rostral cross-bite

A

Maxillary incisors are slightly caudal to the mandibular incisors

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19
Q

Class I: Caudal cross-bite

A

Maxillary premolars/molars are positioned lingual to the mandibular opposing premolars/molars.

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20
Q

Which cross-bite is seen in dolichocephalic breeds?

A

Class I: Caudal cross-bite

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21
Q

Class I: Lance canine

A

Maxillary canine tooth is displaced rostrally

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22
Q

Class II: Mandibular Distocclusion

A

Maxillary prognathism or mandibular brachygnathism

Mandible is shorter than normal

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23
Q

Class III: Mandibular Mesioclusion

A

Mandibular prognathism or maxillary brachygnathism
Mandible is longer than normal
The mandibluar canines sit rostral to the maxillary 3rd incisors

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24
Q

Wry bite

A

Unilateral asymmetry of the jaw

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25
Q

What is a true skeletal malocclusion?

A

Wry bite

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26
Q

What are some concerns with persistent deciduous teeth?

A

They can interfere with normal eruption pathway of permanent teeth resulting in malocclusion and attrition
Can be a reservoir for debris which can lead to quicker periodontal disease

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27
Q

What is the recommended brushing technique?

A

Bass technique

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28
Q

Prophylaxis

A

refers to a professional dental cleaning that uses non-surgical to prevent infection

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29
Q

What is periodontal therapy?

A

A professional dental cleaning when disease/infection already exists.

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30
Q

What instrument is used to remove thick calculus?

A

Calculus removing forceps

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31
Q

In what way is the ultrasonic scaler used?

A

It is used subgingivally (in sulcus) and supragingivally to remove tartar from the tooth

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32
Q

What is another use for the water from the ultrasonic scaler?

A

Coolant

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33
Q

What are the two types of transducers?

A

Piezoelectric

Magnetostrictive

34
Q

Are transducers replaceable?

A

yes

35
Q

What is the name of the tip of the tip of the scaler?

A

Toe

36
Q

What angle should the tip of the scaler be held at?

A

0-15 degree angle

37
Q

How do you set up an ultrasonic scaler?

A 
Plug in and turn on the machine
Connect to a water source
 - must be pressurized and locked into place
Machine is operated via foot pedal
Select the desired tip
 - hand tighten
38
Q

How do you use the ultrasonic scaler?

A

set motor knob to “scale”
use power knob to adjust frequency
use water knob to adjust water level

39
Q

How much power do you use for the scaler?

A

the least amount needed to get the job done

40
Q

How much water power should be used for the scaler?

A

Enough to be a strong mist

41
Q

What surface of the scaler is utilized?

A

Lateral surface

42
Q

How is an ultrasonic scaler held?

A

Modified pen grasp

43
Q

What is an oral speculum?

A

An instrument used to hold the patient’s mouth open

44
Q

How is an oral speculum placed?

A

compress springs together
place the rubber cups on the patient’s canines
let the mouth open into a natural position

45
Q

Should the oral speculum be used on cats?

A

No

46
Q

What is the process for patient positioning for a dental?

A

Lateral/dorsal/sternal recumbency
support patient neck; nose down
Keep fur around face dry
Set up a light source

47
Q

What PPE is required for dental?

A

Gloves
Eyewear
Mask

48
Q

What are some safety concerns?

A

Intubation
Suction
Preemptive oral rinse

49
Q

What are the complications/risks with dental prophylaxis?

A

Soft tissue burns
Heat trauma to tooth
Structural trauma to enamel
Aspiration of fluid

50
Q

SN

A

Super numerary- extra permanent teeth

51
Q

Sickle scaler

A

Used to scale the crown of the tooth

52
Q

In what direction do you use the sickle scaler?

A

Always direct instrument coronally- away from the root

53
Q

Curette

A

Used to scale subgingivally, or root planing

54
Q

What are the two types of curettes?

A

Universal

Gracey

55
Q

Dental explorer

A

Has a sharp, wire-like tip that tapers to a sharp point

56
Q

Where area of the mouth is the dental explorer used?

A

Used on the crown and subgingival margin only

57
Q

What is the dental explorer used for?

A

To test traumatized teeth for pulp exposure

58
Q

What color is healthy dental pulp?

A

Pink/red

59
Q

What ways can a tooth be traumatized?

A

Fracture
Abrasion
Dental caries

60
Q

What is dental caries?

A

Demineralization of enamel/dentin due to bacteria

61
Q

Where are dental caries most likely to be found?

A

On occlusal surfaces

62
Q

Tertiary dentin

A

Discolored in the center of tooth, but feels smooth like glass

63
Q

CCF

A

Complicated crown fracture

64
Q

UCF

A

Uncomplicated crown fracture

65
Q

FORL

A

Feline odontoclastic resorptive lesion

66
Q

Which dental disease is commonly found in cats?

A

Tooth resorption

67
Q

How can tooth resorption be found?

A

It is found by tapping the explorer along the cervical region of each tooth

68
Q

Periodontal probe

A

Round, blunt working end

69
Q

What is the periodontal probe used for?

A

Gingival sulcus depth
Gingival recession
Loss of bone
Tooth mobility

70
Q

What are the markings on the periodontal probe called?

A

William’s markings

71
Q

What increments are the William’s markings at?

A

1,2,3,5,7,8,9 and 10 mm

72
Q

How is the sulcus depth checked?

A

The periodontal probe is “walked” around each tooth

73
Q

Periceutics

A

Application of time-released antibiotics directly within the oral cavity

74
Q

What are two types of perioceutics?

A

Doxirobe

Clindoral

75
Q

What does the ultra-sonic scaler cause that cannot be avoided?

A

Microabrasion

76
Q

How do you set up the polishing piece?

A

Connect low-speed handpiece to the ultrasonic scaling machine
Switch motor knob to forward
Decrease power
Attach prophy angle

77
Q

What is a prophy angle?

A

An attachment that is connected to the polishing handpiece

78
Q

What is a prophy cup?

A

A disposable rubber piece that attaches to the metal style prophy angle

79
Q

What does the prophy cup hold?

A

Prophy paste

80
Q

What are the polishing steps?

A 
Modified pen grasp
Dip cup into paste before each tooth
Press cup to the tooth before depressing pedal
Remove all paste when finished
Beware of long haired breeds

Special Topics: Small Animal (2 decks)

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