Dentistry Flashcards
What are the 4 stages of periodontal disease?
Stage 1: Gingivitis
Stage 2: Advanced gingivitis
Stage 3: True periodontitis
Stage 4: Advanced periodontitis
What is CUPS?
disease of the soft tissue
What is assessed while the patient is awake?
Occlusion
Any persistant deciduous teeth
Overall appearance of soft tissue
Estimated stage of periodontal disease if any
What is the goal of an intraoral exam?
Inform O of treatment plan
Give an estimate of cost
Schedule an appropriate amount of time
Incisive Papilla
Bump that is midline, caudal to maxillary incisors
Which salivary ducts are on quadrants 1 and 2?
Zygonatic
What is the periodontium composed of?
Gingiva
Cementum
Periodontal
Alveolar bone
How many permanent teeth do adult dogs have?
42
How many permanent teeth do adult cats have?
30
How many deciduous teeth do puppies have?
28
How many deciduous teeth do kittens have?
26
Canine dental formula
(I3/3 C1/1 P4/4 M2/3) x2
Cat dental formula
(I3/3 C1/1 P3/2 M1/1) x2
Malocclusion
An abnormality in the way the teeth occlude
How many classes of malocclusions are there?
4 classes
What is Class 1 malocclusion?
One or more teeth are in an abnormal position
What is Class II-IV malocclusion?
Skeletal malocclusions due to the differing jaw lengths
Class I: Rostral cross-bite
Maxillary incisors are slightly caudal to the mandibular incisors
Class I: Caudal cross-bite
Maxillary premolars/molars are positioned lingual to the mandibular opposing premolars/molars.
Which cross-bite is seen in dolichocephalic breeds?
Class I: Caudal cross-bite
Class I: Lance canine
Maxillary canine tooth is displaced rostrally
Class II: Mandibular Distocclusion
Maxillary prognathism or mandibular brachygnathism
Mandible is shorter than normal
Class III: Mandibular Mesioclusion
Mandibular prognathism or maxillary brachygnathism
Mandible is longer than normal
The mandibluar canines sit rostral to the maxillary 3rd incisors
Wry bite
Unilateral asymmetry of the jaw
What is a true skeletal malocclusion?
Wry bite
What are some concerns with persistent deciduous teeth?
They can interfere with normal eruption pathway of permanent teeth resulting in malocclusion and attrition
Can be a reservoir for debris which can lead to quicker periodontal disease
What is the recommended brushing technique?
Bass technique
Prophylaxis
refers to a professional dental cleaning that uses non-surgical to prevent infection
What is periodontal therapy?
A professional dental cleaning when disease/infection already exists.
What instrument is used to remove thick calculus?
Calculus removing forceps
In what way is the ultrasonic scaler used?
It is used subgingivally (in sulcus) and supragingivally to remove tartar from the tooth
What is another use for the water from the ultrasonic scaler?
Coolant
What are the two types of transducers?
Piezoelectric
Magnetostrictive
Are transducers replaceable?
yes
What is the name of the tip of the tip of the scaler?
Toe
What angle should the tip of the scaler be held at?
0-15 degree angle
How do you set up an ultrasonic scaler?
Plug in and turn on the machine Connect to a water source - must be pressurized and locked into place Machine is operated via foot pedal Select the desired tip - hand tighten
How do you use the ultrasonic scaler?
set motor knob to “scale”
use power knob to adjust frequency
use water knob to adjust water level
How much power do you use for the scaler?
the least amount needed to get the job done
How much water power should be used for the scaler?
Enough to be a strong mist
What surface of the scaler is utilized?
Lateral surface
How is an ultrasonic scaler held?
Modified pen grasp
What is an oral speculum?
An instrument used to hold the patient’s mouth open
How is an oral speculum placed?
compress springs together
place the rubber cups on the patient’s canines
let the mouth open into a natural position
Should the oral speculum be used on cats?
No
What is the process for patient positioning for a dental?
Lateral/dorsal/sternal recumbency
support patient neck; nose down
Keep fur around face dry
Set up a light source
What PPE is required for dental?
Gloves
Eyewear
Mask
What are some safety concerns?
Intubation
Suction
Preemptive oral rinse
What are the complications/risks with dental prophylaxis?
Soft tissue burns
Heat trauma to tooth
Structural trauma to enamel
Aspiration of fluid
SN
Super numerary- extra permanent teeth
Sickle scaler
Used to scale the crown of the tooth
In what direction do you use the sickle scaler?
Always direct instrument coronally- away from the root
Curette
Used to scale subgingivally, or root planing
What are the two types of curettes?
Universal
Gracey
Dental explorer
Has a sharp, wire-like tip that tapers to a sharp point
Where area of the mouth is the dental explorer used?
Used on the crown and subgingival margin only
What is the dental explorer used for?
To test traumatized teeth for pulp exposure
What color is healthy dental pulp?
Pink/red
What ways can a tooth be traumatized?
Fracture
Abrasion
Dental caries
What is dental caries?
Demineralization of enamel/dentin due to bacteria
Where are dental caries most likely to be found?
On occlusal surfaces
Tertiary dentin
Discolored in the center of tooth, but feels smooth like glass
CCF
Complicated crown fracture
UCF
Uncomplicated crown fracture
FORL
Feline odontoclastic resorptive lesion
Which dental disease is commonly found in cats?
Tooth resorption
How can tooth resorption be found?
It is found by tapping the explorer along the cervical region of each tooth
Periodontal probe
Round, blunt working end
What is the periodontal probe used for?
Gingival sulcus depth
Gingival recession
Loss of bone
Tooth mobility
What are the markings on the periodontal probe called?
William’s markings
What increments are the William’s markings at?
1,2,3,5,7,8,9 and 10 mm
How is the sulcus depth checked?
The periodontal probe is “walked” around each tooth
Periceutics
Application of time-released antibiotics directly within the oral cavity
What are two types of perioceutics?
Doxirobe
Clindoral
What does the ultra-sonic scaler cause that cannot be avoided?
Microabrasion
How do you set up the polishing piece?
Connect low-speed handpiece to the ultrasonic scaling machine
Switch motor knob to forward
Decrease power
Attach prophy angle
What is a prophy angle?
An attachment that is connected to the polishing handpiece
What is a prophy cup?
A disposable rubber piece that attaches to the metal style prophy angle
What does the prophy cup hold?
Prophy paste
What are the polishing steps?
Modified pen grasp Dip cup into paste before each tooth Press cup to the tooth before depressing pedal Remove all paste when finished Beware of long haired breeds
