DENTAL REVIEW Flashcards
What are accessory digestive organs, responsible for mastication, or the mechanical digestion in the mouth?
Teeth
What initiates the breakdown of starch?
Salivary amylase
What breaks down triglycerides into fatty acids?
Lingual lipase
What surface contains the taste-buds and is covered with keratinized stratified squamous epithelium?
The dorsal surface
What is the visible region of the tooth above the level of the gums?
Crown
What is the region of the tooth which encompasses the junction of the crown and root near the gum line?
Neck
What is the region of the tooth that is embedded in the socket?
Root
What is the hardest substance in the body and has a hard, white outer layer?
Enamel
What gives the tooth its basic shape and rigidity?
Dentin
What canal has an opening at its base, through which blood vessels, lymphatic vessels, and nerves extend?
root canal
The alveolar process is a thickened ridge of bone that contains —— that hold teeth in the maxilla and mandible?
tooth sockets
What are the 4 types of teeth from front to back?
- Incisors
- Canines
- pre molars
- molars
what are the 2 divisions of incisors?
- Central
2. lateral
How many pairs of molars are in the mouth?
3
In what anatomical direction are teeth counted and what are the numbers?
- 1-16 from upper right to upper left.
2. 17-32 from lower left to lower right
What is the largest, strongest, and only moveable skull bone?
mandible
What are the 3 main nerves in the mouth used for oral nerve blocking?
- Anterior Superior Alveolar (ASA)
- Middle Superior Alveolar (MSA)
- Posterior Superior Alveolar (PSA)
The lingual nerve is associated with what cranial nerve?
CN 5 (Trigeminal)
What is the half-life of 2% lidocaine/Xylocaine? (fast acting)
1.6 hours
What is the half-life of .5% bupivacaine/Marcaine? (slow acting)
3.5 hours
What block is the disposition of local anesthesia near a major nerve trunk at a greater distance from the area of treatment?
Regional block
What reduces need of reliance for oral analgesics?
Regional block
What is a minor injury to the tooths supporting structures without abnormal loosening or displacement of the tooth?
concussion
What is a traumatic injury that results in a tooth, that is, loose in the socket?
Subluxation
What diagnosis should be treated with gentle manipulation of the tooth into its proper position and should be splinted if necessary?
Subluxation
What diagnosis do you rinse the tooth gently with saline, DO NOT scrub, and administer an intraoral nerve block?
Avulsion
What solution should you NOT put a tooth in?
water
What window of time can a tooth be retained for?
Within 30 minutes to 1 hour
Teeth fractures are divided into what 3 categories?
- Affect only the enamel
- Expose the dentin
- Expose the pulp
What sensation do patients usually experience if the dentin is exposed but not the dental pulp?
sensitivity to cold air and water
What method is used for immobilizing a mandibular fracture?
barton bandage
What fracture will present with obvious facial trauma where CSF may be present?
Maxillary fractures
What is a common, severe, non-contagious bacterial infection of the gums with sudden onset?
Necrotizing Ulcerative Gingivitis (NUG)
NUG is also known as what two names?
- Trench mouth
2. Vincent’s Angina
Bacterial infection brought on by immunosuppression, extreme stress, poor dental hygiene, malnutrition, and/or smoking?
NUG
What diagnosis usually has a “punched out” appearance and covered by a grey pseudo membrane?
NUG
A rapid onset of NUG may be accompanied by?
Malaise or fever
What is the treatment for NUG?
- Debride gently
2. Magic mouthwash (2% lidocaine, liquid diphenhydramine, and Maalox) 1:1:1 ratio
What diagnosis is made up of white material of debris, fibrin, and desquamated cells that have been invaded by yeast cells?
Thrush
What three symptoms are associated with thrush?
- pain, may feel like burning
- dysphasia and hoarseness of voice
- metallic, acidic, salty, or bitter taste
What is the treatment for thrush?
Fluconazole 100mg x7 days
What are the 2 main signs of a Aphthous Ulcer (canker sores”?
- May have prodrome of burning or itching
2. 1/4 to 6mm round ulcerations with yellow-gray fibrinoid centers surrounded by red halos.
What are the 2 main treatments of Aphthous Ulcers?
- self healing 10-14 days
2. Topical corticosteroids
What are 3 subsections of Temporomandibular Dysfunction?
- Internal joint derangement
- Infectious arthritis
- condylar hyperplasia
What are the 2 main treatments for Temporomandibular dysfunction?
- NSAIDS
2. Splint
What is another term for “geographic tongue”?
Benign migratory glossitis
What diagnosis is usually asymptomatic, but may be associated with burning when eating spicy or acidic food?
Geographic tongue
What diagnosis is dark, elongated filiform papillae, stained by chromogenic microorganisms?
hairy tongue
Mucus retention cyst (has no epithelial lining) is what diagnosis?
mucocele
