Dental Radiography Module 4 Flashcards
Modern VS traditional techniques for BW xrays?
Holder with aiming ring VS original wing/tab
what are the sizes of xray films for adult and child?
Normal size is 31 x 41mm – small is 22 x
35mm
When taking a BW xray the patient should be….?
Position patient Head supported with the Occlusal plane horizontal
How do you take a BW…..?
Position film/holder Lingual sulcus Anterior to distal of lower canine Posterior to mesial aspect of lower third molar Receptor and teeth as close as possible Patient to bite down
Beam angulation when taking a BW?
Beam meets teeth and receptor at 90oC
Beam aimed downwards approximately 5°- 8°
Advantages and disadvantages of using BW’s and the holders?
Advantages • Simple and straightforward receptor • Beam aiming device determines angulation • Cone cutting avoided • Autoclavable/ disposable holders Disadvantages • Not 100% reproducible • Difficult for tongue to displace• Uncomfortable for patient • Expensive holders • Holders unsuitable for children
What features can be seen on a BW radiograph?
Crowns Enamel Dentine Pulp chamber Coronal part of root Alveolar crests Lamina dura Periodontal ligament space
How to determine selection criteria of when to take xrays of patients to see caries risk?
High risk- 6 months
moderate risk- 12 months
low risk- 12-18 months if primary dentation or 2 years if permanent dentation
How to take a PA xray…?
- Justification
- Patient identification
- Explain procedure
- Remove appliance/dentures
- Set exposure parameters
- Patient positioning
- Head support
- Occlusal plane horizontal
- Check required view
- Position receptor
- Align beam
- Make exposure
- Patient in full view
How should patient be positioned when taking a PA xray?
Head support
• Occlusal plane horizontal
what is the radiographic features of the Maxilla?
• Central incisors • Shadow of tip of nose • Trabecular bone pattern • Lamina dura • Median suture • Gingival soft tissue • Periodontal ligament space • Pulp canal • Restorations if present • Canines • Trabecular bone pattern • Lamina dura • Periodontal ligament space • Pulp canal • Overlapping crowns • Superimposed roots of first premolars • Restorations if present • Premolars • Trabecular bone pattern • Lamina dura • Periodontal ligament space • Intercrestal bone • Pulp canal • Restorations if present • Floor of antrum • Maxillary antrum • Molars • Trabecular bone pattern • Lamina dura • Periodontal ligament space • Pulp canal • Maxiallry antrum • Floor of antrum • Zygoma • Restorations if present • Unerupted 3rd molar
Radiographic features of the mandible?
- Incisors
- Enamel
- Periodontal ligament space
- Upper margin of the lower lip
- Lamina dura
- Trabecular bone pattern
- Canines
- Enamel
- Pulp canals
- Periodontal ligament space
- Orientation dot
- Lamina dura
- Bone pattern
- Burn out• Premolars
- Lamina dura
- Pulp canals
- Bone pattern
- Mental foramen
- Molars
- Interdental bone
- Varying bone patterns
- Inferior dental canal
- Developing thirdmolar
Upper standard occlusal xrays are used for?
Presence of unerupted canines, supernumaries, odontomes • Position of unerupted canines • Lesion evaluation • Anterior teeth and alveolar bone fractures
How to take upper standard occlusal?
Patient • Seated • Occlusal plane horizontal • Head supported • Bites together gently • Image receptor • Flat in mouth • On occlusal surfaces of lower teeth • Orientated • Centrally • Long axis crossways (adult) • Antero-posteriorly (child) • Tubehead • Above patient • Inmidline • Downwards through bridge • 65° - 70° to film packet
How to take a lower occlusal xray?
Image receptor • Orientate • Centrally placed • Onto occlusal surfaces of lower teeth • Long axis crossways • Patient • Head tipped back • Head supported • Bites together gently • Tube head • Circular collimator • Below chin • Inmidline • Centred to interproximal of 6/7 depending on whther itd 90oC or 45oC
