Dental Public Health Flashcards
3 oral disease that have significant public health impact?
Tooth decay (dental caries) Gum disease (peridontal disease) Oral cancer
Factors contributing to oral health?
Physical health - healthy diet (nutrition) and healthy dentition (pain-free)
Social health - eating, smiling, kissing
Psychological health - self-esteem, dental anxiety and communication
What are dental caries?
Dynamic process involving the exchange of calcium and phosphate ions between tooth structure and saliva (plaque fluid), in the presence of acids produced by the fermentation of carbohydrates by oral micro - organisms
Stages of tooth decay?
Very early stage decay - sub clinical initial lesions in a dynamic state of progression/regression
Small lesions detectable only with additional diagnostic aids
Initial decay - clinically detectable enamel lesions with “intact” surfaces
Moderate decay - clinically detectable cavities limited to the enamel; clinically detectable lesions in dentine
Extensive decay - lesions into the pulp
How are dental caries measured?
DMF index:
Decayed
Missing
Filled
….teeth or surfaces
What is DMFT?
A count of all decayed or missing or filled teeth; a measure of obvious decay experience
What is def?
A count of all primary teeth that are decayed, extracted due to caries or filled
What is DMFS?
A count of all decayed or missing or filled tooth surfaces
Is there a factor involved in the unequal distribution of dental caries?
A factor which emerges as being associated with many illness, inc. dental caries is socio-economic status
How are dental caries distributed around the mouth?
Not evenly; there is a greater occurrence in the upper right and left of the mouth
What is periodontal disease?
Group of related conditions, both acute and chronic, characterised by inflammation of the periodontal tissues in response to the presence of dental plaque
Classifications of periodontal disease?
Gingivitis Chronic periodontitis Aggressive periodontitis Necrotising ulcerative gingivitis (NUG) Periodontal abscess Perio-endo lesion Gingival enlargement
What disease are associated with periodontal disease?
Atherosclerosis, stroke, MI Adverse pregnancy outcomes Diabetes Respiratory infections Rheumatoid arthritis, osteoporosis Obesity
Stages of periodontal disease?
Gingivitis - superficial redness, swelling and inflammation, caused by dental plaque compared to healthy gums and supporting tissue
Gingivitis and mild periodontitis - initial destruction of the supporting bone and periodontal ligament, leading to the formation of pockets
Gingivitis and moderate periodontitis - progression of the disease with further destruction of the supporting bone and deepening of pockets
Gingivitis, severe periodontitis and recession - severe destruction of bone and periodontal ligament leads to tooth mobility and eventual loss
Treatment of dental caries?
Oral hygiene Stop smoking Scaling and root planting Surgery Long term maintenance Extraction
