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Kirsty's WIGGS Oral Anatomy & Physiology > Dental & periodontal anatomy > Flashcards

Dental & periodontal anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

What is a line angle and how many are there?

A

A line angle is the line between two crown surfaces and there are eight of them.

mesiovestibular ( either labial or buccal)

mesiolingual (or palatal on the maxilla)

distovestibular ( labial or buccal)

distolingual ( or palatal)

mesioincisal ( coronal or occlusal)

distoincisal (coronal or occlusal)

linguoincisal(coronal, occlusal

vestibuloincisal(coronal, occlusal)

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2
Q

What is a point angle and how many are there?

A

A point angle is the juncture between 3 line angles. There are four

coronal point angles.

mesiovestibuloincisal(labio, buccal, coronal, occlusal)

distovestibuloincisal ( labio, buccal, occlusal, coronal)

mesiolingualincisal ( palatal,coronal, occlusal)

distolingualincisal (palatal, coronal, occlusal)

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3
Q

What is a contact point?

What is a proximal contact point?

What is an occlusal contact point?

A

The site where an adjacent or opposing tooth makes contact.

Proximal contact point: the site of contact between two teeth on the sme arcade.

Occlusal contact point: the site of contact between two teeth i n opposing arcades .

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4
Q

What is an embrasure?

How many are there ?

A

The v shaped projection away from a proximal contcat point?

there are four and they radiate either to the ginigva or to the incisal edge of the tooth and are either lingual or vestibular

vestibuloginigval

vestibuloincsal

linguogingival

linguincisal

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5
Q

What percentage of the enamel is inorganic?

A

96%

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6
Q

What percentage of the cementum is inorganic?

A

45-50%

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7
Q

What percentage of the alveolar bone is inorganic?

A

65%

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8
Q

What are the inorganic components of enamel?

A

Hydroxyapatite, fluoride, strontium, magnesium.

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9
Q

What are bands of Hunter & Schreger?

A

They are an optical illusion produced by changes in direction of the enamel rods within the enamel layer.

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10
Q

What are the striae of Retzius?

A

These are striations or waves in the enamel which are caused by slight variations in the crystal content of rods. This occurs as a result of the change in rod development associated with the ameloblast having a rest period every four days during the development of the enamel.

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11
Q

In what two ways do enamel tufts vary from enamel lamellae?

A

lamellae are linear and not branched

lamellae extend primarily from the enamel surface running toward the DEJ whereas tufts project from the DEJ towards the enamel and run longitudinal to the long axis of the tooth

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12
Q

What is the thickness of enamel in dogs, cats & humans?

A

dogs: 0.1-0.6mm
cats: 0.1- 0.3mm
humans: 2-4mm

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13
Q

What are the three distinct groups of fibers in the periodontal ligament?

A

gingival

transseptal

alveolodental

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14
Q

What percentage of dentin is inorganic?

A

70%

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15
Q

What is the difference between primary, secondary and tertiary dentin?

A

Primary dentin forms as the tooth develops and prior to eruption.It is composed of Mantle dentin and the granular layer of Tomes

Secondary dentin forms after eruption of the tooth and will continue to form throughout the lifetime of the tooth as long as the odontoblast remains alive.

Tertiary dentin is formed in response to trauma and is dense and disorganised.

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16
Q

What is the layer of Tomes?

A

It is the primary dentin attached to the cementum and is hypomineralised. It is thought that this aids in dissipating the forces of the periodontal ligament.

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17
Q

What is a dead tract?

A

A dentinal tubule which has been traumatised and the odontoblast has died leaving an open tubule which can transmit bacteria and other substances into the pulp.

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18
Q

What four zones constitute the pulp?

A

Odontoblastic

The zone of Weil which is cell free

cell rich

pulp core

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19
Q

What percentage of maxillary PM4 and mandibular M1 have accessory canals in dogs?

A

Maxillary PM4 68%

Mandibular M1 28.4%

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20
Q

What percentage of dog teeth have lateral canals?

A

2.4%

only one was in a canine remainder in Max PM4

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21
Q

What causes a lateral canal to form?

A

A break in the HERS which allows the pulp to connect with the periodonteum.

typical occurs in the apical 1/3rd of the tooth

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22
Q

Oral mucous membranes are divided into three categories what are they?

A

Specialised mucosa( dorsum of tongue)

Masticatory mucosa ( hard palate and gingiva)

General mucosa (remainder of oral mucosa)

23
Q

What are rete ridges or pegs?

A

The pegs of oral epithelium which extend into the underlying connective tissue causing small dimples in the gingival epithelium known as gngival stippling.

the length of these pegs determines the ‘Stiffness’ or mobility of the gingival tissue.

masticatory mucosa has long pegs

lining mucosa has short pegs

24
Q

What might asymmetrical junctures of the rugae of the palate indicate?

A

poor migration of the left and right maxillary processes and a tendency toward cleft palate formation

this is often seen in parents of puppies with cleft palates

25
Q

What are the three layers of osseus tissue supporting the tooth?

A

The cribriform plate ( lamina dura radiogrpahically) a thin layer within the tooth socket

Trabecula bone the support between the corticl plate and the cribriform plate

The cortical plate- the outside wall of the process.

26
Q

What anatomical features enable location of the mandibular foramen?

A

The mandibular foramen is locate hlfway between the angular process and the distal aspect of the the third molar on the medial aspect of the mandibular body.

27
Q

What enters the mandibular canal at the mandibular foramen?

A

The mandibular artery, vein and nerve.

28
Q

name the marked anatomical features

A
  1. infraorbital foramen
  2. maxilla
  3. incisive bone
  4. middle mental foramen
  5. caudal mental foramen
  6. body of mandible
  7. ramus of mandible
  8. massenteric fossa
  9. angular process
  10. condylar process
  11. coronoid process
  12. zygomatic processes
29
Q

What inserts into the massenteric fossa?

A

The masseter muscle

30
Q

What inserts on the angular process?

A

The pterygoid and masseter muscles.

31
Q

What head types are brachycephalic

mesaticephalic

dolichocephalic

give examples

A

Brachy: short wide head- boxer, bulldog

Mesati: medium head shape- beagle,labrador

Dolicho- long narrow head shape- collie, borzoi

32
Q

What is the largest and strongest muscle of mastication?

Where are its insertions?

A

Temporalis muscle

It originates in the temporal fossa and inserts on the medial and lateral aspects of the coronoid process of the ipsilateral mandible

33
Q

Whaer does the lateral ptyerygoid musdcle arise and insert?

A

It arises from the sphenoid bone and inserts on the medial aspect of the condylar process of the mandible

34
Q

Where does the medial pterygoid originate and insert?

A

It originates from the sphoid, pterygoid and palatine bones and inserts on the ventromedial aspect of the angular process.

The raphe it forms with the masseter muscle is useful in the surgical approach to the caudl mandible.

35
Q

Which muscle is not affected by masticatory myositis and why?

A

The rostral belly of the digastricus muscle as it does not contain 2M fibres.

36
Q

What importance does the maxillary rete have in cats?

A

It is believed that over extension of the mandibles causes the angular process to compress the maxillary rete which lies medial to the angular process and medial to the temporal muscle and lateral to the pterygoid muscle. This can lead to cortical blindness, loss of hearing or death.

37
Q

Name the intrinisc muscle of the tongue and its fibers

A

The m. linguae

fibres: superficial longitudinal

deep longitudinal

perpendicular

transverse

38
Q

What nerve innervates the tongue?

A

The hypoglossal nerve.

39
Q

Name the extrinsic muscles of the tongue

A

The m.styloglossus moves tongue caudally

m. hypoglossus retracts and depresses
m. genioglossus protrudes and depresses

40
Q

the tongue is divided into 4 segments name them.

A

Tip ( apex linguae )

Margin ( margo linguae)

Body ( corpus linguae)

Root ( radix linguae)

41
Q

What are the 6 papillae of the tongue and what are do they cover?

A

Mechanical papillae ( no taste buds):

  1. Marginal papillae present at birth but disappear as puppies move to solid food they seal tongue to nipple for nursing
  2. Filiform papillae on the rostral 2/3rds: short and pointed directed caudally
  3. Conical papillae in the root area: soft long and conical

Gustatory paillae ( contain taste buds)

  1. Fungiform papillae on the dorsal sides and anterior portion: mushroom shape
  2. Vallate papillae posterior border at start of conical papillae only 3-6: contain the taste buds
  3. Foliate papillae immediately rostral to the palatoglossal folds on the dorsolateral aspect of the caudal third of the tongue: contain taste buds
42
Q

What significance does sublingual fold have?

A

The siblingual fold extends from the caruncle wich marks the opening of the sublingual and mandibular salivary ducts along the floor of the mouth with the tongue and marks the path of vital structures including the salivary ducts.

43
Q

What nervous sytem controls saliva production?

A

The autonomic system its control systems lie in the medulla oblongata.

44
Q
A
45
Q

What is the ph of the saliva of the dog , horse and cow?

A

dog 8.5- 8.65

horse 7.5

cow(ruminants) 8.53-8.71

46
Q

What are the clincially significant slaivary glands of the dog ?

A

Zygomatic, parotid, sublingual & mandibular.

47
Q

What additional glands does the cat have whic h are significant?

A

The molar glands (buccal & lingual)

48
Q

Where is the opening to the parotid salivary duct?

A

Superficial to the distal root of the maxillary PM3 amrked by the parotid papilla

49
Q

What can be done to ease cannulation of the partoid duct and why does it help?

A

rostral retraction of the papilla as it straightens out the two right angle bends in the terminal duct

50
Q

What is different about the mandibular salivary gland in primates?

A

It is generally called the submandibular gland ss it sits more ventral and beneath the mandible.

51
Q

Where is the opening of the mandibular duct?

A

At the sublingual papilla under the tongue.

52
Q

What is the difference between the polystomatic and the monostomatic portions of the sublingual salivary gland/

A

Monostomatic: empty into sublingual duct in dog and cat adn largely contained under same connective tissue capsule as the mandibular gland.

Polystomatic: loose lobules which empty into small stoma on the side of the tongue in the lateral sublingual recess. may be absent in the cat.

53
Q

Where does the monostomatic portion of the sublingual duct finish?

A

Approximately 30% of the ducts empty into the common duct of the mandibular gland the other approx 70% open 1-2 mm caudal to that

54
Q

Where does the major duct of the zygomatic salivary gland open?

A

caudal to the parotid papilla and caudal to the last max molar at the zygomatic papilla.

Kirsty's WIGGS Oral Anatomy & Physiology (5 decks)

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