dental paleopathology

Question 1

types of pathology : development

1) agenesis
2) impaction
3) enamel hypoplasia

Answer 1

1) lack of a tooth, no development, likely to happen to the third molar . retained deciduous tooth, nothing to push the baby tooth there so it has to be pulled. lightly develped spongy bone
2) when the wisdom tooth gets stuck
- coming at a 90 degree angle
- there isnt any room
- jaws have gotten much smaller but our teeth ahve not changed much
- these were not present in the early humans.

Question 2

Wear [Attrition]

- severe attrition syndrome

Answer 2

= lingual tiliting

• the root tilts buccally (out)
• there is a titlting where cusps tilts in and roots tilt out
• not a lot of repair
  2) tooth loss
• post vs. ante mortem
• the skin of the alveolus ( the surface of he jaw, the alveolus is missing because the teeth ahs been gone for a long time so the alveolus disappears.
• considerable loss of the alveolus.
• if there is still alveolus present, tooth will be in place
• if there is no alveolus then it shows long term dental loss
• nice, clean roots hole: tooth was lost right before death or after death

Question 3

flat wear vs. cupped wear

Answer 3

1) flat wear is typical of foragers

2) cupped wear is typical of farmers.

Question 4

teeth as tools

Answer 4

1) activity related tooth wear
2) the neaderthal with the eithered arm
3) his tooth would have served as an additional arm so there is wear, flat wear on the incisiors ( pull things to cut it)
4) weavers: often wet the strands to make them more pliable and then habitually draw them one way or the other so there is a groove.
5) medieval england
- nails that were put on the roofs of the cathedral
- the person was holding nails in his tooth
6) interproxiam wear
- between two teeth
- see this in modern human
- the grooving are the erosion that breaks through and you might get a cavity there.

Question 5

infection

1) caries

Answer 5

1) infectious disease , caused by species of streptococcus.
2) dietary component= sugar as food
3) cariogenesis : dimineralization of dental matrix due to activity of stretococcus mutans
1) s. mutants breaks down dietary carb in the mouth into lactic acid.
2) the acid then leaches calcium and phosphate from the mineral matrix of the tooth, resulting in dimeralization . this process cannt occur without sugar, which acts as food for the bacteria.

Question 6

types of caries

Answer 6

1) occlusal ( on crown)
- chewing caries
2) interproximal ( between teeth)
- tooth pick use that opened up the inner surface
3) cervical
- at “neck” between crown and root.
just below the crown of the tooth
- only present in the cervix
- dental evidence of coca use
- they havitually keep it on one side of their mouth or the other
- there is a pattern of asymmetry ( reflects some sort of tobacco, which is not as demineralizing as cocoa, but habitual chewing)
- male and female use = the same
- drilling as treatment has been present for a long time
4) apical abscess
- not a dental disease but a bone disease
begins as a dental disease
- opens up the cavity and the strep bacteria creates abscess
- round circular hole is evidence of an abscess
5) periapical

Question 7

Periodontal disease

Answer 7

1) the gum recedes back with the alveolus

Question 8

plumbism

Answer 8

Lead poisioning disease .
- can demineralize the teeth the same way as streptococcus do.
darkening line are derivative of lead poisioning
- little layers of cortical bones have been lifted up
- the canines became so painful that it was just lifted up and pulled out
- mastoid infection, big draining abscess that pokes through the side of his ear.
-CARIES DUE TO LEAD SULPHIDE PRODUCED BY ANEROBIC BREAKDOWN OF ORGANIC MATERIAL [MEAT?] ON THE TEETH. THE ACID IN LEAD SULPHIDE CAN BREAD DOWN ENAMEL THE SAME WAY

Question 9

Tanquerels line

Answer 9

” saturnine calculus”

- Haloes in haversian system - equivalent to harris line

Question 10

Treatment for caries

Answer 10

1) boring and drilling

2) tooth cleaning

Question 11

Homo erectus, A. africanus and H. sapiens

Answer 11

• absence of disease , dnetal or otherwise

- homo sapiens have dental disease ; could be effect of domestication .

Question 12

congenital syphilis : Hutchinsons incisors

Answer 12

1) odd shaped bumps

2) Muberry molars

Question 13

Ancient dentistry

Answer 13

1) Roman empire : thee was an attempt to restore the dentition
hypoplasia: the use of gold wire which is non reactive to repair
2) Middle mississippian :
- tooth showing cleaning and preparatio for implant.