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DENT1124 > Dental Materials Final Exam > Flashcards

Dental Materials Final Exam Flashcards

1
Q

What is model plaster used for?

A

pouring preliminary impressions to make diagnostic models for case presentations

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2
Q

What is model plasters water to powder ratio?

A

100 g to 25-50 mL water

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3
Q

What is dental stone used for?

A

Making more durable and stronger diagnostic casts

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4
Q

What is dental stones water to powder ratio?

A

100 g to 30-32 mL water

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5
Q

What is high strength stone used for?

A

creating a diem which is used for wax patterns, crowns, bridges and indirect restoration

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6
Q

What is another term for model plaster?

A

Plaster of paris

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7
Q

What is another term for high strength stone

A

densite or improved dental stone

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8
Q

What is the water to powder ratio?

A

100 g to 19-24 mL water

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9
Q

what is gypsum is its unrefined state?

A

dihydrate form of calcium sulfate converted into a powered hemihydrate

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10
Q

what is the setting reaction when you mix gypsum with water?

A

the hemihydrate crystals dissolve in water and form clusters known as nuclei of crystalization

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11
Q

how will too much water affect the model?

A

mix will be thin and runny, taking longer to set and creating a weaker cast

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12
Q

how will too little water affect the model?

A

the mix will be difficult to mix resulting in a shorter working time

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13
Q

What is the anatomic portion of a model?

A

Created from the alginate impression and consists of the teeth and gums

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14
Q

what is the art portion of a model?

A

forms the base of the cast

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15
Q

what is the double pour method?

A

anatomic portion is poured first then a second mix of plaster is used to prepare the art protion

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16
Q

what is the box-and-pour method?

A

the impression is surrounded with a “box” made of wax and poured as one unit

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17
Q

what is the inverted pour method?

A

one large batch of plaster or stone is mixed and both portions of the model are poured as a single step

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18
Q

3 steps of polishing a plaster model?

A
  1. mix a slurry of gypsum and fill in any voids
  2. soak the model in a soapy solution for 24 hours
  3. dry the model and then polish with a soft cloth
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19
Q

what causes undercuts in the cast?

A

air bubbles, shape of the arch and ridge, carious lesions, fractured teeth

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20
Q

what should we do with undercuts in a cast?

A

fill with wax or other molding material

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21
Q

what does outlining the tray designate?

A

the area to be covered by the tray, its outlined in pencil and extends over the attached gingiva to the mucogingival junction

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22
Q

what is a spacer?

A

creates room for impression material

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23
Q

how do we create a spacer for the tray?

A

cut a length of baseplate wax, warm it and place it over the cast area of the tray

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24
Q

what is a spacer stops? how is it made?

A

allows for adequate impression material, done by cutting triangular or round holds cut out using a laboratory knife, the cut outs prevent the tray from seating too deeply into the arch

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25
Q

What is the separating medium?

A

used so that the tray can be removed from the cast

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26
Q

what is the space removers purpose ?

A

so the adhesive will stick properly. a toothbrush can be used

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27
Q

Custom trays: what is self curing acrylic resins major advantage and disadvantage?

A

advantage: the resin is strong and easily adaptable
disadvantage: the liquid monomer is very volatility and poses a hazard

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28
Q

Custom tray: what is light cured resin major advantage and major use?

A

advantage: provide excellent adaption of the model
use: for any impression situation: edentulous, edentulous or partially edentulous

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29
Q

Custom tray: what is thermoplastic material? use?

A

uses heat and vacuum to shape a sheet of thermoplastic resin to a diagnostic model
use: impression trays, mouth guards, provisional coverage

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30
Q

what are the two waxes deprived from minerals?

A

paraffin and ceresin

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31
Q

what is the wax derived from animal?

A

beeswax

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32
Q

what are the 4 waxes derived from plants?

A

candelila, carauba, gum dammar, rosin

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33
Q

Pattern Waxes: What is inlay casting wax?

A

hard brittle, used to create a pattern or indirect restoration of a model

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34
Q

Pattern Wax: What is casting wax? what is it used for?

A

used for single tooth indirect restorations and fixed bridges for casting metal portion of a partial denture

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35
Q

Pattern Wax: what is Baseplate Wax?

A

hard, brittle used to record occlusal rims for initial arch form, setting denture teeth and denture wax up

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36
Q

Processing Wax: What is boxing wax and what is it use?

A

soft, pliable with a smooth shiny appearance supplied in narrow strips (1 inch by 12 inch)
use: to form a wall around a preliminary impression when pouring

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37
Q

Processing Wax: what is utility wax and what is its use?

A

supplied as various forms of beeswaxes, petrolatum and other soft waxes
use: extends the borders of an impression tray, covers brackets in orthodontic brackets

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38
Q

Processing Wax: What is impression waxes? use?

A

supplied in sticks or blocks made of beeswax and resin very brittle but becomes sticky when heats
use: creation of a wax pattern or joining acrylic resin

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39
Q

Impression Waxes: What is corrective impression wax?

A

used in the procedure of taking edentulous impressions

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40
Q

Impression Waxes: What is bite registration wax

A

softens under warm water, leaving an imprint of the teeth when the patient bites down

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41
Q

Why are liners and bases used?

A

can make a big difference in post operative sensitivity and long term pupal prognosis

42
Q

When are liners and bases used?

A

in cavity preps that are small in circumference but deep

43
Q

What should be used in an amalgam restoration with a shallow prepartion?

A

desensitizer, etching and bonding system

44
Q

What should be used in an amalgam restoration with a moderately deep preparation?

A

base, varnish or desensitizer, etching/ bonding system

45
Q

What should be used in an amalgam restoration with a deep preparation?

A

liner, base, varnish or desensitizer and etching/bonding system

46
Q

What should be be used in a composite restoration in a shallow and moderately deep restoration?

A

etching. bonding system

47
Q

what should be used in a composite restoration in a deep restoration?

A

liner and etching/bonding system

48
Q

in a cavity preparation the more natural tooth structure that remains the ____ the tooth will be

A

stronger

49
Q

What causes physical stimuli?

A

thermal and electrical

50
Q

What causes mechanical stimuli?

A

hand-piece and trauma

51
Q

What causes chemical stimuli?

A

acid from dental material

52
Q

What causes biological stimuli?

A

bacteria from saliva

53
Q

What is a cavity liner?

A

thin layer of material placed at the deepest portion of the dental preparation to provide pupal protection or dentin regeneration

54
Q

what is the purpose of a cavity liner?

A

to protect pupal tissues from irritation caused by stimuli

55
Q

How is a cavity liner applied?

A

ether a two paste system or light cured, placed with a dycal applicator

56
Q

Where must cavity liners be placed?

A

placed only in the deepest dentin surface, NOT to be placed on enamel

57
Q

what is a common cavity liner?

A

calcium hydroxide

58
Q

why is a varnish used?

A

varnishes seal dentinal tubules, reduces micro-leakage and acts as a barrier to high acidic cements

59
Q

where is varnish placed?

A

placed within the entire preparation

60
Q

How is a varnish applied?

A

small disposable applicator

61
Q

What can varnishes NOT be used with?

A

Composite resins and glass ionomers

62
Q

What is a fluoride varnish?

A

gel like substance designed to release fluoride on enamel, root structure and dentin structures

63
Q

What is a desensitizer?

A

used to treat and prevent hypersensitivity that a patient may experience from a newly placed restoration

64
Q

How does a desensitizer work?

A

seals dentinal tubules

65
Q

what is important to remember in the application of a desensitizer?

A

do not allow contact to soft tissues

66
Q

What is a dental base?

A

used for deep preparations under the permanent restoration, it acts as an additional layer to protect the pulp

67
Q

Dental Bases: What is a protective base?

A

protects the pulp from a large restoration

68
Q

Dental Bases: What is a insulating base?

A

protects the pulp from thermal shock

69
Q

Dental Bases: What is a sedative base?

A

soothe pulp that has been damaged by decay or irritation by mechanical stimuli

70
Q

Dental Bases: Zinc Oxide Eugenol (ZOE): What type of base can ZOE be used as?

A

an insulating base or a sedative base

71
Q

Dental Bases: Zinc Oxide Eugenol (ZOE): What can ZOE not be used under

A

composite resins, glass ionomers, or other resin restoration

72
Q

Dental Bases: Why is Zinc Phosphate a good base?

A

because of its thermal insulation qualities

73
Q

Dental Bases: Why is polycarboxylate a good base

A

non irritating to the pulp, providing a buffer or layer between the pulp and the restoration

74
Q

Why is glass ionomer- vitrebond a good base?

A

compatible under composite resins and easy to manipulate

75
Q

What is dental etchant used for? what does it look like?

A

dental etchant is normally a 35% phosphoric acid, it allows a better mechanical bond, gives the tooth a frosted appearance

76
Q

What must be do after applying a dental etchant?

A

rinse completely

77
Q

What is dental bonding?

A

The process of solid and/or liquid contact of one material with another at a single margin

78
Q

What is the smear layer?

A

thin layer of debris that remains on the dentin after cavity preparation

79
Q

how is the smear layer removed?

A

through etching (smear layer also opens dentinal tubules)

80
Q

How is enamel bonding done?

A

can be self cured, dual cured, or light cured, removes the smear layer allowing bonding to stick.
ex. orthodontic brackets

81
Q

What is the use of dental cements?

A

to bond indirect restorations into place

82
Q

what is an indirect restoration?

A

also known as cast restorations are created in a lab and then placed into mouth

83
Q

what is a type I dental cement?

A

luting agents which include permanent and temporary cements

84
Q

What is a type II dental cement?

A

restorative material, such as glass ionomers

85
Q

What is a type III dental cement?

A

liners or bases placed within the cavity prep

86
Q

what is a luting agent?

A

designed to act as an adhesive to hold an indirect restoration to the structure, can also be used to adhere brackets to the tooth surface

87
Q

what is a permanent cement? example?

A

used for long term cementation of cast restorations, such as crown, bridged, laminate veneers and orthodontic fixed appliances

88
Q

what is a temporary cement

A

used if the restoration needs to be removed at a later date

89
Q

how can humidity affect dental cements?

A

exposure to warm temps or humidity can result in a loss of water from the liquid and additional moisture in the powder

90
Q

do you dispense powder or water first?

A

powder first, to minimize the loss of water

91
Q

do we wait unit it is time to mix before setting out the powder and water on the pad or complete it in advanced?

A

wait until ready to mix

92
Q

Which dental cement creates heat and undergoes an exothermic reaction? what should this cement be mixed on?

A

zinc phosphate, mixed on a cool glass slab

93
Q

What is a common brand of glass ionomer?

A

FUJU, 3M Luting, Duract

94
Q

What is a type I glass ionomer?

A

for cementation of metal restoration and direct bonded orthodontic brackets

95
Q

what is a type II glass ionomer?

A

designed for restoring area of erosion near the gingiva

96
Q

What is a type III glass ionomer?

A

used as a liner and dentin bonding agent

97
Q

What is a type IV glass ionomer?

A

used for pit and fissure sealants

98
Q

What is a type V glass ionomer?

A

cementation of orthodontic brackets and bands

99
Q

How does glass ionomer inhibit recurrent decay

A

slowly releases fluoride

100
Q

Is glass ionomer good or bad for the pulp

A

generally causes less trauma or shock to the pulp than is caused by other cements

DENT1124 (2 decks)

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