Dental Enamel Flashcards
In healthy gums which part of the tooth is visible
Only the enamel of the tooth crown
Describe enamel
The white, hard outer covering of the tooth
What is the anatomical crown
The part of the tooth covered in enamel
What is the part of the tooth covered in enamel called
The anatomical crown
Why do teeth appear yellower as you age
As the enamel wears away with age giving teeth a yellower appearance as more dentin is visible
What is the main disease that affects enamel
Dental caries
Does enamel have a cell population
No
What is the name of the group of non syndromic genetic defects that can affect enamel
Amelogenesis imperfecta
What percentage (by weight) of enamel is mineral?
95%
What is the name of the main mineral that makes up enamel
Inorganic hydroxyapatite crystals
What else makes up enamel apart from minerals? And state the percentage (by weight) of these other components in enamel
The other 5% is made up of unique enamel proteins, water and lipid material
In mature enamel 1-3% by weight is organic matrix (ie proteins but NOT collagen)
2% is water
How thick are hydroxyapatite crystallises in enamel?
25-30nm thick
How wide are hydroxyapatite crystallises in enamel?
60-90nm in width
What is the nature of the origin of enamel?
Enamel has ectodermal origin. It develops from the internal enamel epithelium of the tooth germ
Name the 4 proteins in enamel
Amelogenin
Ameloblastin
Enamelin
Tuftelin
State the possible functions of amelogenin
It may stabilise the amphorous Ca-P phase
May control crystal morphology and organisation
May control enamel thickness
State the possible functions of ameloblastin
May be a cell adhesion protein
May control cell differentiation
May maintain the integrity of the enamel rods/prisms
State the possible functions of enamelin
May control mineral nucleation and elongates growth (possibly with the help of amelogenin)
State the possible functions of tuftelin
May be involved in cell signalling
Why can enamel withstand both shearing and impact force?
As it is highly mineralised
As enamel is highly mineralised it can….
Withstand shearing and large impact force
It is the hardest biological tissue
List the physical properties of enamel
Has a high abrasion resistance Is brittle Has a low tensile strength Has a high modulus of elasticity Enamel can not undergo repair or replacement
What is the benefit of enamel having a high abrasion resistance
It wears down slowly
What is the benefit of enamel having a high modulus of elasticity
It minimises the chances of fractures
From which process does all secretion and modification of the matrix undergo
Tomes process
What appearance do mineralised surfaces of enamel have
Pit like appearance
The pits are surrounded by inter rod (inter prismatic) enamel
Which region between two processes secretes first:
The proximate region or the distal region
The proximal region between two processes always secrets ahead if the distal region
This forms a wall that represents the periphery of the prism and inter prismatic regions