Dental Disease

Question 1

signs

Answer 1

swelling
inappetence
lethargy
halitosis
weight loss
irritability

Question 2

periodontal disease

Answer 2

most common disease in small animal medicine
radiographs to establish full extent

signs -
gingivitis
plaque and calculus build up
gingival recession
bone loss
mobile teet and eventual tooth loss

Question 3

plaque

Answer 3

build up of bacteria within salivary glycoproteins, adheres to tooth surface

mineralises to tartar
causes inflammation, infection and destruction of tissues

attachment loss and eventual tooth loss

Question 4

periodontal probe

Answer 4

blunt ended
measures attachment loss
assess gingival inflammation
evaluate furcation lesions
measure toot mobility

Question 5

dental explorer

Answer 5

sharp ended
detect softened enamel
explore fractures and tooth resorption
check margins of restorations and crowns
check for pulp exposure

Question 6

gingivitis grading

Answer 6

0 - no gingivitis
1 - mild - slight colour change, no bleeding
2 - moderate - redness and oedema, bleeding on probing
3 - severe - ulceration, prone to spntaneous bleeding

Question 7

periodontal grading index

Answer 7

0 - healthy periodontum - pink firmly attached
1 - gingivitis due to calculus deposition, reversible by brushing
2 - up to 25% detachment, sulcus deepened
3 - 25-50% attachment loss
4 - over 50% attachment loss, horizontal bone loss, severe inflammation

Question 8

furcation index

Answer 8

0 - no bone loss
1 - less than 1/3 bone of the width of the tooth lost
2 - more than 2/3 but not total
3 - open furcation

Question 9

mobility index

Answer 9

0 - no mobility
1 - <1mm horizontal movement
2 - >1mm horizontal movement
3 - any vertical movement

Question 10

radiograph views

Answer 10

parallel - film parallel to perpendicular beam

bissecting angle - create shadow and capture it - if too steep angle then short/compressed image, may miss pathology, if too shallow then elongated and may exaggerate normal

extra oral - cats caudal maxillary teeth, gives skyline view of maxillary cascade

Question 11

resorption

Answer 11

type 1 - disintegration of crown but not root

type 2 - root disintegrates into bone

Question 12

crown fractures

Answer 12

uncomplicated - dentin exposure but no pulp
complicated - pulp exposure

Question 13

indications for extraction

Answer 13

periodontitis
pulp necrosis
dental fractures
resorption
chronic gingivostomatitis
persistent deciduous teeth
malocculsion
vertical or horizontal bone loss
supernumary teeth
unerupted teeth
teeth associated with pathologic lesions
failed endodontic treatment

Question 14

extraction types

Answer 14

open - elevation of mucoperiosteal flap and bone removal, multi rooted teeth, divide into single root sections

closed - break gingival attachment and break dow periodontal ligament