Dental Anomalies

Question 1

4 MAIN types of developmental disorders

Answer 1

Remember NESS

1. Number
2. Eruption
3. Size
4. Structure

Question 2

Disorders in Numbers

Answer 2

HYPODONTIA
🦷 Anodontia (complete absence of all teeth)
🦷 Oligodontia (absence of more than 1 tooth)

HYPERDONTIA
🦷 Supernumerary teeth e.g mesiodens

CLEIDO-CRANIAL DYSPLASIA
🦷 Hyperactivity of tooth gems forming multiple tooth buds

HYPOHYDROTIC HEREDITARY ECTODERMAL DYSPLASIA
🦷 Genetic condition affecting skin, hair, nails, sweat glands (decrease in number seen histologically)

Question 3

Disorders of Eruption

Answer 3

LOCALIZED
-Space loss, drifting, crowding, retained primary teeth, malposition

GENERALIZED
- Malnutrition, Rickets, Down’s syndrome, chemotherapy

GENETIC
- Cleiodo cranial dysplasia, cherubism

SYSTEMIC
- Cretinism (learning difficulties)

Question 4

Disorders of Tooth sizes

Answer 4

MACRODONTIA

• True (involves entire dentition)
• Pseudo (smaller teeth to normal tooth size)

MICRODONTIA

• True generalized (all teeth)
• Relative generalized (large jaw and normal teeth)
• Localized (few teeth involved)
• Single tooth (laterals and wisdoms)

Question 5

Disorders of Tooth structure

Answer 5

AMELOGENESIS IMPERFECTA

3 types
Hypoplastic
Hypomaturation
Hypocalcified

DENTINOGENESIS IMPERFECTA
OSTEOGENESIS IMPERFECTA
DENTINEL DYSPLASIA
TAURODONTISM

Question 6

🎾Hypoplastic AI features

Answer 6

MALES
Diffuse
Thin 
Shiny enamel
Anterior open bite

FEMALES
Vertical furrows
Banding on radiographs
Open bite

Question 7

🎾Hypomaturation AI features

Answer 7

Defect in maturation of crystals
Opaque, white, yellowish discoloration 🥚🍋
Enamel is soft and readily chipped

Question 8

🎾Hypocalcified AI features

Answer 8

Soft, yellow-brown to orange enamel🍊

Question 9

Dentinogenesis Imperfecta

Answer 9

Hereditary disorder affecting dentine
Gene: COL1A1 and COL1A2
Normal enamel, thin dentine, large pulp

Question 10

Osteogenesis Imperfecta

Answer 10

COL1A1 and COL1A2

Opalescent teeth, blue sclera, short stature

Question 11

Dentinal dysplasia

Answer 11

Type 1 and 2

Question 12

Taurodontism

Answer 12

Body of tooth and pulp chamber enlarged vertically at expense of the roots

Question 13

Other conditions causing dental anomalies

Answer 13

Remember DIMIC

Developmental
Idiopathic
Metabolic conditions
Infections
Chemicals

Question 14

☂️Developmental

Answer 14

Dilaceration-tooth bent along its axis
Dens Invaginatus-infolding of enamel into dentine
Fusion or splitting-2 teeth joined together
Schizodontia-splitting of tooth germ
Germination-1 tooth bud trying to form 2 teeth
Concrescence-union by cementum
Enamel pearl-pearl like nodule between furcations

Question 15

☂️Idiopathic

Answer 15

Regional odontodysplasia (ghost teeth)

Question 16

☂️Metabolic conditions

Answer 16

Hypoplasia
Rickets
Hypoparathyroidism
Hypophosphatasia

Question 17

☂️Infections

Answer 17

Congenital syphilis (Hutchinson’s teeth)
Turner’s tooth (bacteria from extensive caries extends to developing underlying permanent tooth)

Question 18

☂️Chemical

Answer 18

Tetracyclines

Fluorosis