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Dental Anatomy > Dental Anomalies > Flashcards

Dental Anomalies Flashcards

1
Q

Etiology of anomalies

A
  1. Genetic/developmental (syndromic presentation or inherited trait)
  2. Environmental
  3. Idiopathic
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2
Q

When do events occur for anomalies in the number, shape, and size of teeth?

A
  • Anomalies in the number of teeth: even occurred BEFORE tooth begins to form
  • Anomalies in the size of teeth: event occurred AFTER the tooth begins to form
  • Anomalies in the shape of teeth: event occurred AFTER the tooth begins to form
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3
Q

Anodontia vs Hypodontia vs Oligodontia

A
  • Anodontia: congenital absence of ALL teeth. Rare.
  • Hypodontia: lack of development of 1 to 5 teeth.
  • Oligodontia: Type of hypodontia characterized by lack of development of 6 or more teeth. Often associated with a syndrome
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4
Q

Which dentition is more commonly affected by hypodontia?

A 
Permanent dentition (2.5-3.5% 
, whereas primary dentition is only <1%
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5
Q

Most commonly missing tooth?

A

The “last” in the class:

3rd molards, 2nd premoars, Mx laterals.

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6
Q

ectodermal dysplasia and trisomy 21 are syndromes known to be associated with which type of anomaly in the number of teeth?

A

oligodontia

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7
Q

What happens when tooth 75 s retained?

A

Without succedaneous tooth present, roots of tooth 75 have nor undergone typical resorption of exfoliative process
-Tooth is not in the PLANE OF OCCLUSION

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8
Q

why are retained teeth not in the plane of occlusion?

A
  • over time, retained primary teeth become ANKYLOSED (fused to the bone)
  • Alveolar bone around adjacent teeth undergoes typical growth in height as patient ages, while bone around ankylosed tooth does not, thus causing it to appear to sink
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9
Q

Which is more common? HYPOdontia or HYPERdontia?

A

HYPOdontia is more common. HYPERdontia is rare

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10
Q

Which dentition is more commonly affecter by hyperdontia?

A

permanent dentition

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11
Q

Most common form of hyperdontia?

A

Supernumerary in MAXILLA. (90% incidence Mx vs 10% Md).
Most common:
-mediodens (located in midline between central incisors)
-4th molars

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12
Q

2 types of supernumerary 4th molars

A
  • Distomolar: located DISTAL to 3rd molar.

- Paramolar: located BUCCAL or LINGUAL to 3rd molar

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13
Q

Rate the locations for supernumerary teeth from most common to least common

A

Mx incisors > molars > premolars > canines > Md lateral incisors

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14
Q

Most common site for MULTIPLE TOOTH HYPERDONTIA

A

Md premolar, molar, and anterior region

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15
Q

What could happen to the Mx counterpart if a Md premolar is missing?

A

The Mx counterpart could SUPER-ERUPT

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16
Q

Clinical signs of unerupted mediodens

A
  • wide, median diastema (gap between incisors) without associated high frenal attachment
  • delayed eruption of one or both centrals
  • altered path of eruption of centrals
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17
Q

Need to differentiate between actual microdontia and relative microdontia associated with _____.

A

Macrognathia (large jaw).

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18
Q

Most commonly affected teeth by isolated microdontia?

A
  • Mx laterals
  • Mx 3rd molars > Md 3rd molars
  • Supernumerary teeth
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19
Q

Anomaly which causes large teeth is called ___

A

Macrodontia

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20
Q

Which syndrome is known to be associated with diffuse macrodontia (diffuse = affecting more than one tooth)?

A

Pituitary gigantism

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21
Q

Most common macrodonts

A

Md 8s

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22
Q

What are cervical enamel extensions?

A

enamel projection onto the root surface that is continuous with enamel of crown directed towards bifurcation of molars

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23
Q

List the most common teeth which can present with cervical enamel extension and rate them from highest incidence to lowest

A

M 1st molar > Md 2nd molar > Md 3rd molar

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24
Q

What problem can arise from cervical enamel extensions?

A

since periodontal ligament cannot attach effectively to enamel, this condition can lead to a localized PERIODONTAL POCKET
-greater extension = higher frequency of furcal involvement (periodontal disease at base of root trunk)

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25
Q

What is it called when there is a presence of ectopic enamel that is separate from enamel of crown?

A

Enamel pearl

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26
Q

Difference between cervical enamel extension and enamel pearl?

A

In an enamel pearl, there is cementum present between the CEJ and ectopic enamel. This is not the case in cervical enamel extension

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27
Q

T/F: Enamel pearls consist only of enamel

A

False. They may consist entirely of enamel, or contain dentin and pulp

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28
Q

Define radicular groove

A

invagination along the root surface of the tooth

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29
Q

highest incidence of radicular grooves?

A

Mx central and lateral incisors

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30
Q

Problems associated with radicular grooves?

A

periodontal pocketing due to communication with oral cavity and/or susceptibility to caries

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31
Q

what is the term used to refer to an extra cusp that extends from the cingulum in anterior teeth?

A

talon cusp

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32
Q

talon cusps are more common in ___ than ___ teeth

A

talon cusps are more common in Mx than Md teeth

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33
Q

Shovel shaped incisors are most commonly seen with __ ___ or _____

A

Shovel shaped incisors are most commonly seen with DENS EVAGINATUS or TAURODONTISM

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34
Q

Shovel shaped incisors are characterized by:

A

maxillary incisors with prominent marginal ridges with deep lingual fossae.
-broad marginal ridges may converge to a deep lingual fossae or even a dens invaginatus

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35
Q

a dental anomaly associated with Klinefelter’s syndrome:

A

shovel shaped incisors

36
Q

What is taurodontism?

A

enlargement of pulp chamber of multi-rooted teeth. Characterized by SHORT ROOTS and LACK OF CERVICAL CONSTRICTION

37
Q

Most common etiology of taurodontism:

A

most commonly idiopathic, but may be associated with Klinefelter’s (XXY) syndrome, Trisomy 21, Amelogenesis Imperfecta, and ectodermal dysplasia

38
Q

Anomaly associated with sharp angle or bend in root of tooth is known as

A

dilaceration

39
Q

Most common cause of dilaceration

A
  • Trauma - displacement of calcified portion of tooth germ causes the remainder of the root to form at an abnormal angle
  • also could be a developmental abnormality or idiopathic
40
Q

Consequences of dilacerated teeth

A
  • difficult to extract
  • challenging to treat endodontically
  • need to diagnose radiographically
41
Q

Define gemination

A

incomplete division by a single enamel organ attempting to divide into two

42
Q

T/F: gemination is more common in maxilla

A

true

43
Q

Define fusion

A

union of enamel and dentin between two adjacent teeth

44
Q

fused teeth present as a ___

A

macrodont

45
Q

T/F: fusion is more common in the maxilla

A

FALSE. Fusion is more common in the mandible (whereas gemination is more common in the maxilla)

46
Q

Define concrescence

A

union of CEMENTUM ONLY between two adjacent teeth

47
Q

Fusion vs gemination vs concrescence

A

Fusion: union of enamel and dentin of two teeth
Gemination: incomplete process of 2 teeth developing from 1
Concrescence: union of cementum only between 2 teeth

48
Q

Causes of concrescence

A
  • displacement of tooth germs toward eachother

- hypercementosis secondary to trauma after eruption

49
Q

Concrescence most commonly observed in what teeth?

A

Mx 2nd and 3rd molars

50
Q

hypercementosis

A

-increased deposition of cementum around apex/apices

51
Q

causes of hypercementosis

A
  • aging
  • Systemic causes (Paget’s disease, acromegaly, rheumatic fever, arthritis)
  • Local causes (chronic occlusal trauma, adjacent inflammation of periapical tissues, unopposed teeth)
52
Q

supernummary roots are known as:

A

accessory roots

53
Q

Consequences of accessory roots

A
  • difficult to extract

- complicated endodontic treatment

54
Q

Which is the most common single-rooted anterior tooth to exhibit a bifurcation into a labial and lingual root?

A

Md canines

55
Q

Mx 1st premolars can have a ___ root that bifurcate

A

buccal

56
Q

which multirooted teeth are most commonly found to have accessory roots?

A

third molars

57
Q

what is dens invaginatus?

A
  • appears to be a tooth within a tooth radiographically

- surface invagination that is lined by enamel

58
Q

Dens invaginatus is more frequent in Mx or Md?

A

Mx

59
Q

radicular dens invaginatus

A
  • rare presentation of dens invaginatus
  • invagination along the ROOT SURFACES
  • radiographically appears as a large root
60
Q

highest incidence of radicular dens invaginatus

A

Mx centrals and Mx laterals

61
Q

Consequence of radicular dens invaginatus

A

isolated periodontal pocketing

62
Q

Define dens evaginatus

A

outgrowth of crown on the occlusal surface of POSTERIOR TEETH

63
Q

dens evaginatus clinically appears as a ____

A

tubercle

64
Q

T/F: in dens evaginatus, if tubercle is large it may contain extension of pulp

A

true

65
Q

Dens evaginatus is more common in Mx or Md?

A

Md. highest incidence: Md premolars

66
Q

otodental syndrome is a rare disease that is distiguished by a specific phenotype known as _____

A

globodontia

67
Q

environmenta factors which can alter the morphology of teeth

A
  • trauma
  • chemotherapeutic medicines
  • medical conditions
  • radiation
  • infection
68
Q

Most recognized prescription medication that can cause discolouration of teeth

A

tetracycline

69
Q

tetracycline has an affinity for ___ ___ such as bone and teeth

A

calcifying tissues

70
Q

dental fluorosis def’n

A

systemic uptake of fluoride in excess of 1ppm for some period of time

71
Q

severity of fluorosis is dependent on 2 factors:

A

dose and time

72
Q

What is the dental consequence of congenital syphilis?

A

Hutchinson’s Incisors and mulberry molars

73
Q

shape of Hutchinson’s incisors

A
  • screwdriver-shaped, notched incisors

- Mesial and distal C of C located in middle third of tooth

74
Q

characteristics of mulberry molars

A

-molars with constricted occlusal surfaces and abnormal anatomy. Enamel is often hypoplastic

75
Q

amelogenesis imperfecta is an ____ problem that affects ___ only

A

amelogenesis imperfecta is an ECTODERMAL problem that affects ENAMEL only

76
Q

Common features of emalogenesis imperfecta:

A
  • open bite due to attrition
  • eruption may be normal or late
  • DEJ is scalloped
  • Affected teeth are discoloured
  • pitted, rough or smooth enamel presentation
  • enamel is thin or mottled radiographically
  • Problems: esthetics, abrasion sensitivity and caries susceptibility
77
Q

When you see a picture of speckled teeth (bumps and crevices), this could be:

A

amelogenesis imperfecta

78
Q

dentinogenesis imperfecta is a ____ defect affecting ____

A

dentinogenesis imperfecta is a MESODERMAL defect affecting DENTIN

79
Q

Dentinogenesis imperfecta is also called ___ ___ ___

A

Hereditary opalescent dentin

80
Q

mode of inheritance of dentinogenesis imperfecta

A

autosomal dominant

81
Q

colour of teeth affected by dentinogenesis imerfecta

A

blue or brown and translucent

82
Q

common features of dentinogenesis imperfecta:

A
  • teeth are discoloured
  • bell-shaped crowns
  • attrition
  • obliteration of root canals in Type 1 and 2
  • enamel is lost early in Type 1 and 2 due to a defect in the DEJ (no scalloping of the DEJ)
  • type 1 is always associated with osteogenesis imperfecta
83
Q

clinical significance of dentinogenesis impercefta

A
  • tendency for root fracture
  • attrition
  • esthetics
  • loose teeth
84
Q

Dentin dysplasia is a ____ disorder with an ___ ___ inheritance

A

Dentin dysplasia is a GENETIC disorder with an AUTOSOMAL DOMINANT inheritance

85
Q

Short roots due to abnormal root dentin is evident in which genetic disorder?

A

dentin dysplasia

86
Q

Presentation of regional odontodysplasia:

A
  • enamel is hypoplastic and hypocalcified
  • teeth appear to be ghost-like in their radiographic appearance due to a thin shell of enamel
  • teeth often fail to erupt
  • large pulp chambers
87
Q

etiology of regionl odontodysplasia:

A

viral or vascular influence

Dental Anatomy (3 decks)

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