Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Dental Anatomy > Dental Anomalies > Flashcards

Dental Anomalies Flashcards

1
Q

Etiology of anomalies

A
  1. Genetic/developmental (syndromic presentation or inherited trait)
  2. Environmental
  3. Idiopathic
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

When do events occur for anomalies in the number, shape, and size of teeth?

A
  • Anomalies in the number of teeth: even occurred BEFORE tooth begins to form
  • Anomalies in the size of teeth: event occurred AFTER the tooth begins to form
  • Anomalies in the shape of teeth: event occurred AFTER the tooth begins to form
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Anodontia vs Hypodontia vs Oligodontia

A
  • Anodontia: congenital absence of ALL teeth. Rare.
  • Hypodontia: lack of development of 1 to 5 teeth.
  • Oligodontia: Type of hypodontia characterized by lack of development of 6 or more teeth. Often associated with a syndrome
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Which dentition is more commonly affected by hypodontia?

A 
Permanent dentition (2.5-3.5% 
, whereas primary dentition is only <1%
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Most commonly missing tooth?

A

The “last” in the class:

3rd molards, 2nd premoars, Mx laterals.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

ectodermal dysplasia and trisomy 21 are syndromes known to be associated with which type of anomaly in the number of teeth?

A

oligodontia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What happens when tooth 75 s retained?

A

Without succedaneous tooth present, roots of tooth 75 have nor undergone typical resorption of exfoliative process
-Tooth is not in the PLANE OF OCCLUSION

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

why are retained teeth not in the plane of occlusion?

A
  • over time, retained primary teeth become ANKYLOSED (fused to the bone)
  • Alveolar bone around adjacent teeth undergoes typical growth in height as patient ages, while bone around ankylosed tooth does not, thus causing it to appear to sink
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Which is more common? HYPOdontia or HYPERdontia?

A

HYPOdontia is more common. HYPERdontia is rare

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Which dentition is more commonly affecter by hyperdontia?

A

permanent dentition

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Most common form of hyperdontia?

A

Supernumerary in MAXILLA. (90% incidence Mx vs 10% Md).
Most common:
-mediodens (located in midline between central incisors)
-4th molars

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

2 types of supernumerary 4th molars

A
  • Distomolar: located DISTAL to 3rd molar.

- Paramolar: located BUCCAL or LINGUAL to 3rd molar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Rate the locations for supernumerary teeth from most common to least common

A

Mx incisors > molars > premolars > canines > Md lateral incisors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Most common site for MULTIPLE TOOTH HYPERDONTIA

A

Md premolar, molar, and anterior region

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What could happen to the Mx counterpart if a Md premolar is missing?

A

The Mx counterpart could SUPER-ERUPT

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Clinical signs of unerupted mediodens

A
  • wide, median diastema (gap between incisors) without associated high frenal attachment
  • delayed eruption of one or both centrals
  • altered path of eruption of centrals
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Need to differentiate between actual microdontia and relative microdontia associated with _____.

A

Macrognathia (large jaw).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Most commonly affected teeth by isolated microdontia?

A
  • Mx laterals
  • Mx 3rd molars > Md 3rd molars
  • Supernumerary teeth
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Anomaly which causes large teeth is called ___

A

Macrodontia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Which syndrome is known to be associated with diffuse macrodontia (diffuse = affecting more than one tooth)?

A

Pituitary gigantism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Most common macrodonts

A

Md 8s

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What are cervical enamel extensions?

A

enamel projection onto the root surface that is continuous with enamel of crown directed towards bifurcation of molars

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

List the most common teeth which can present with cervical enamel extension and rate them from highest incidence to lowest

A

M 1st molar > Md 2nd molar > Md 3rd molar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What problem can arise from cervical enamel extensions?

A

since periodontal ligament cannot attach effectively to enamel, this condition can lead to a localized PERIODONTAL POCKET
-greater extension = higher frequency of furcal involvement (periodontal disease at base of root trunk)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
What is it called when there is a presence of ectopic enamel that is separate from enamel of crown?
Enamel pearl
26
Difference between cervical enamel extension and enamel pearl?
In an enamel pearl, there is cementum present between the CEJ and ectopic enamel. This is not the case in cervical enamel extension
27
T/F: Enamel pearls consist only of enamel
False. They may consist entirely of enamel, or contain dentin and pulp
28
Define radicular groove
invagination along the root surface of the tooth
29
highest incidence of radicular grooves?
Mx central and lateral incisors
30
Problems associated with radicular grooves?
periodontal pocketing due to communication with oral cavity and/or susceptibility to caries
31
what is the term used to refer to an extra cusp that extends from the cingulum in anterior teeth?
talon cusp
32
talon cusps are more common in ___ than ___ teeth
talon cusps are more common in Mx than Md teeth
33
Shovel shaped incisors are most commonly seen with __ ___ or _____
Shovel shaped incisors are most commonly seen with DENS EVAGINATUS or TAURODONTISM
34
Shovel shaped incisors are characterized by:
maxillary incisors with prominent marginal ridges with deep lingual fossae. -broad marginal ridges may converge to a deep lingual fossae or even a dens invaginatus
35
a dental anomaly associated with Klinefelter's syndrome:
shovel shaped incisors
36
What is taurodontism?
enlargement of pulp chamber of multi-rooted teeth. Characterized by SHORT ROOTS and LACK OF CERVICAL CONSTRICTION
37
Most common etiology of taurodontism:
most commonly idiopathic, but may be associated with Klinefelter's (XXY) syndrome, Trisomy 21, Amelogenesis Imperfecta, and ectodermal dysplasia
38
Anomaly associated with sharp angle or bend in root of tooth is known as
dilaceration
39
Most common cause of dilaceration
- Trauma - displacement of calcified portion of tooth germ causes the remainder of the root to form at an abnormal angle - also could be a developmental abnormality or idiopathic
40
Consequences of dilacerated teeth
- difficult to extract - challenging to treat endodontically - need to diagnose radiographically
41
Define gemination
incomplete division by a single enamel organ attempting to divide into two
42
T/F: gemination is more common in maxilla
true
43
Define fusion
union of enamel and dentin between two adjacent teeth
44
fused teeth present as a ___
macrodont
45
T/F: fusion is more common in the maxilla
FALSE. Fusion is more common in the mandible (whereas gemination is more common in the maxilla)
46
Define concrescence
union of CEMENTUM ONLY between two adjacent teeth
47
Fusion vs gemination vs concrescence
Fusion: union of enamel and dentin of two teeth Gemination: incomplete process of 2 teeth developing from 1 Concrescence: union of cementum only between 2 teeth
48
Causes of concrescence
- displacement of tooth germs toward eachother | - hypercementosis secondary to trauma after eruption
49
Concrescence most commonly observed in what teeth?
Mx 2nd and 3rd molars
50
hypercementosis
-increased deposition of cementum around apex/apices
51
causes of hypercementosis
- aging - Systemic causes (Paget's disease, acromegaly, rheumatic fever, arthritis) - Local causes (chronic occlusal trauma, adjacent inflammation of periapical tissues, unopposed teeth)
52
supernummary roots are known as:
accessory roots
53
Consequences of accessory roots
- difficult to extract | - complicated endodontic treatment
54
Which is the most common single-rooted anterior tooth to exhibit a bifurcation into a labial and lingual root?
Md canines
55
Mx 1st premolars can have a ___ root that bifurcate
buccal
56
which multirooted teeth are most commonly found to have accessory roots?
third molars
57
what is dens invaginatus?
- appears to be a tooth within a tooth radiographically | - surface invagination that is lined by enamel
58
Dens invaginatus is more frequent in Mx or Md?
Mx
59
radicular dens invaginatus
- rare presentation of dens invaginatus - invagination along the ROOT SURFACES - radiographically appears as a large root
60
highest incidence of radicular dens invaginatus
Mx centrals and Mx laterals
61
Consequence of radicular dens invaginatus
isolated periodontal pocketing
62
Define dens evaginatus
outgrowth of crown on the occlusal surface of POSTERIOR TEETH
63
dens evaginatus clinically appears as a ____
tubercle
64
T/F: in dens evaginatus, if tubercle is large it may contain extension of pulp
true
65
Dens evaginatus is more common in Mx or Md?
Md. highest incidence: Md premolars
66
otodental syndrome is a rare disease that is distiguished by a specific phenotype known as _____
globodontia
67
environmenta factors which can alter the morphology of teeth
- trauma - chemotherapeutic medicines - medical conditions - radiation - infection
68
Most recognized prescription medication that can cause discolouration of teeth
tetracycline
69
tetracycline has an affinity for ___ ___ such as bone and teeth
calcifying tissues
70
dental fluorosis def'n
systemic uptake of fluoride in excess of 1ppm for some period of time
71
severity of fluorosis is dependent on 2 factors:
dose and time
72
What is the dental consequence of congenital syphilis?
Hutchinson's Incisors and mulberry molars
73
shape of Hutchinson's incisors
- screwdriver-shaped, notched incisors | - Mesial and distal C of C located in middle third of tooth
74
characteristics of mulberry molars
-molars with constricted occlusal surfaces and abnormal anatomy. Enamel is often hypoplastic
75
amelogenesis imperfecta is an ____ problem that affects ___ only
amelogenesis imperfecta is an ECTODERMAL problem that affects ENAMEL only
76
Common features of emalogenesis imperfecta:
- open bite due to attrition - eruption may be normal or late - DEJ is scalloped - Affected teeth are discoloured - pitted, rough or smooth enamel presentation - enamel is thin or mottled radiographically - Problems: esthetics, abrasion sensitivity and caries susceptibility
77
When you see a picture of speckled teeth (bumps and crevices), this could be:
amelogenesis imperfecta
78
dentinogenesis imperfecta is a ____ defect affecting ____
dentinogenesis imperfecta is a MESODERMAL defect affecting DENTIN
79
Dentinogenesis imperfecta is also called ___ ___ ___
Hereditary opalescent dentin
80
mode of inheritance of dentinogenesis imperfecta
autosomal dominant
81
colour of teeth affected by dentinogenesis imerfecta
blue or brown and translucent
82
common features of dentinogenesis imperfecta:
- teeth are discoloured - bell-shaped crowns - attrition - obliteration of root canals in Type 1 and 2 - enamel is lost early in Type 1 and 2 due to a defect in the DEJ (no scalloping of the DEJ) - type 1 is always associated with osteogenesis imperfecta
83
clinical significance of dentinogenesis impercefta
- tendency for root fracture - attrition - esthetics - loose teeth
84
Dentin dysplasia is a ____ disorder with an ___ ___ inheritance
Dentin dysplasia is a GENETIC disorder with an AUTOSOMAL DOMINANT inheritance
85
Short roots due to abnormal root dentin is evident in which genetic disorder?
dentin dysplasia
86
Presentation of regional odontodysplasia:
- enamel is hypoplastic and hypocalcified - teeth appear to be ghost-like in their radiographic appearance due to a thin shell of enamel - teeth often fail to erupt - large pulp chambers
87
etiology of regionl odontodysplasia:
viral or vascular influence

Dental Anatomy (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions