Dental Anomalies Flashcards
hypodontia prevelence in primary dentition
0.1-0.9%
hypodontia prevalence in permanent dentition
3.5-6.5%
conditions associated with hypodontia
ectodermal dysplasia
Down syndrome
cleft palate
Ellis Van Creveld syndrome
hurler’s syndrome
incontinentia pigmentii
Upper lateral incisor missing - possible consequence
over eruption of lower canine
Aims of hypodontia treatment
prevention
aesthetics
function
hypodontia problems
abnormal shape
abnormal form
spacing
infra occlusion
deep overbite
reduced LFH
hypodontia solutions
over denture
partial denture
composite
porcelain veneers
fixed prosthesis
prevalence of hypodontia
1.5-3.5%
males:females 2:1
more common in maxilla
higher frequency in Japanese
higher frequency in cleidocranial dysplasia
types of supernumerary
conical
- cone shaped
tuberculate
- barrel shaped
supplemental
- looks like tooth of normal series
odontome
- regular mass of dental hard tissue, compound or complex
Following removal of a supernumerary tooth, how long should you wait to allow the permanent tooth to erupt ?
18 months
anomalies of size and shape - types
microdontia
Microdontia
double teeth
odontomes
- complex or compound
taurodontism
- 6.3% in uK - flame shaped pulp
dilaceration
accessory cusps e.g. talon cusps
how are talon cusps removed?
selective grinding
anomalies of root structure examples
short root anomaly
- permanent maxillary incisors
radiotherapy
accessory roots
what is ameliogenesis imperfecta? name the types of ameliogenesis imperfecta
genetic enamel anomaly
affects all teeth within dentition
thin to no enamel, normal dentine and pulp
types:
hypoplastic
hypomaturational
hypocalcified
mixed forms
What is taurodontism?
vertically elongated pulp chamber and short roots
linked to type 4 ameleogenesis imperfecta
environmental enamel hypoplasia aetiology
systemic
nutritional
metabolic e.g. liver disease
infection e.g. measles
localised enamel hypoplasia aetiology
trauma
infection of primary tooth
what is dilaceration?
an abnormal bend in the root
usually due to traumatic injury to primary tooth
localised enamel hypoplasia - questions to ask patient/parent
- trauma to primary tooth
or - infection in primary tooth
generalised enamel defects - types
fluorosis
MIH
fluorosis treatment
micro-abrasion
veneers
vital bleaching
MIH cause
associated with childhood illness or chronological hypo-mineralisation e.g liver or kidney failure
prenatal issues linked to generalised environmental enamel defects
rubella
congenital syphillis
thalidomide
fluoride
maternal A nd D deficiency
cardiac and kidney disease
neonatal issues linked to generalised environmental enamel defects
prematurity
meningitis
postnatal issues linked to generalised environmental enamel defects
otitis media
measles
chickenpox
TB
pneumonia
A, C and D deficiency
long term health problems
heart disease
diphtheria
amelogenesis imperfecta - types
hypoplastic
hypocalcified
hypomaturational
mixed forms
environmental enamel hypoplasia - causes
systemic
nutritional
metabolic
infection
- e.g. measles
localised enamel hypoplasia - cause
trauma
infection of primary tooth
ameliogenesis imperfecta problems
sensitivity
caries/acid susceptibility
poor aesthetics
poor OH - may be sensitive brushing teeth
delayed eruption
anterior open bite
amelogenesis imperfecta diagnosis
family history
generally affects both dentitions
affects all teeth
tooth size, structure, colour
radiographs
amelogenisis imperfecta - hypoplastic type
enamel crystals do not grow to the correct length
amelogenesis imperfecta - hypominerilised type
crystallites fail to grow in thickness and width
hypomaturational amelogenesis imperfecta
enamel crystals grow incompletely in thickness or width
but to normal length with incomplete mineralisation
amelogenesis imperfecta - solutions
preventative therapy
composite veneers
fissure sealants
metal inlays
stainless steel crowns
orthodontics
dentine dysplasia features
normal crown morphology
amber radiolucency
short constricted roots
pulpal obliteration
What is dentinogenesis imperfecta?
a genetic disorder of tooth development affecting dentine
dentinogenesis imperfecta - types
type 1
- osteogenesis imperfecta
type 2
- autosomal dominant
Brandywine
dentinogenesis imperfecta - features
bulbous crowns
pulpal obliteration (initially large pulps)
- abscess formation
short roots
dentinogenesis imperfecta problems
aesthetic
acid susceptibility
spontaneous abscess
dentinogenesis imperfecta - solutions
prevention
composite veneers
over dentures
removable prostheses
stainless steel crowns
neo-natal teeth are–
teeth that are present within 8 weeks of birth
indications for extracting Neo natal teeth
- poses aspiration risk
- causes issues breastfeeding
delayed exfoliation - potential causes
infra-occlusion
double primary teeth
hypodontia
ectopic permanent successors
trauma
