Dental Anomalies Flashcards
Classifications of Abnormalities
- Abnormal Number
- Abnormal Size
- Abnormal Shape
- Abnormal Calcification and Apposition
Developmental Stages
- Dental Lamina and Bud Stage
- Cap Stage
- Bell Stage
- Root Development
Dental Lamina and Bud Stage
- Epithelial thickening
- Dental lamina
- Enamel organ
Cap Stage
Inner and Outer Enamel Epithelium
Bell Stage
- Tooth Form Identified
- DEJ
- Enamel and Dentin Formation
Root Development
- CEJ formation
- Dentin and Cementum Formation
Physiological Processes of Development
- Initiation
- Proliferation
- Histodifferentiation
- Morphodifferentiation
- Apposition
Initiation
- Dental Lamina and Bud Stage
- Existence of the teeth
Proliferation
- Bud, Cap, and Bell Stages
- General shape and size
Histodifferentiation
- Late Cap and Bell Stages
- Dentin and Enamel forming cells
Morphodifferentiation
- Bud, Cap, and Bell Stages
- Shape and size of teeth affected
- Dentin and enamel NOT affected
Apposition
- Bell Stage and Root Development
- Enamel and Dentin Formation
Intrinsic vs. Extrinsic Causes of Abnormalities
- Intrinsic: Hereditary and Metabolic Disturbances
- Extrinsic: Physical or Chemical Trauma, Nutrition, Environment
Congenital Abnormalities
Caused by Extrinsic or Intrinsic Factors and occurring at or before birth
Anodontia
- Complete and Partial
- 3rd molars, maxillary lateral incisors, and mandibular 2nd premolars
Supernumerary/Accessory Teeth
- Extra tooth buds
- Mesiodens: Maxillary midline
- Distodens: Posterior to 3rd molar
Abnormal Size of Teeth
Morphodifferentiation Stage
Abnormal Number of Teeth
Initiation Stage
Macrodontia (True and False)
- True: Gigantism
- False: Incisors, Canines, and Mandibular 3rd Molars
Microdontia (True and False)
- True: Dwarfism
- False: Maxillary lateral incisors, Maxillary 3rd molars
Abnormal Shape of Teeth
Morphodifferentiation and Appositional Stages
Taurodontism
- Crown greater proportion of tooth, CEJ lacks constriction
- Premolars and Molars
Dilaceration
- Nonlinear Crown AND Root
- Injury or Pressure
Flexion
- Nonlinear Root ONLY
- Injury or Pressure
Gemination and “Twinning”
- Incomplete Splitting of Tooth Bud
- Wide Mesio-distally
- Incisors
- “Twinning”: Complete separation of tooth buds
Dwarfed Roots
- Small roots and curved crowns
- Maxillary Incisors
Hypercementosis
- Excess Cementum
- Trauma, pulp inflammation, metabolic causes
Accessory Cusps
Molars and Incisors (Talon Cusps)
Extra Roots
- 3rd Molars, Maxillary 1st Premolars, and Mandibular Anterior Teeth
- Trauma, Pressure, and Metabolic Causes
Fusion
- Union of Dentin and Enamel of Crown ONLY of 2 tooth buds with separate pulp chambers
- Anterior teeth
Concrescence
Union of root cementum after eruption
Segmented Root
Break in Dentinogenesis
Missing Cusps
- Lingual Cusp Mandibular 1st Premolar, Distolingual Cusp Maxillary 2nd Molar, Distal Cusp Mandibular 1st Molar
Enamel Pearls
- Spherical Nodules at CEJ
- Prone to periodontal disease
- Apposition Stage
- Molars
Hutchinson’s Teeth
- Deep Incisal Notch or “Mulberry” 1st Molars
- Caused by Prenatal Syphilis
- Morphodifferentiation Stage
Dens in Dente
- Tooth in a Tooth
- Reversed Enamel and Dentin
- Maxillary Lateral Incisors
Odontoma (Compound and Complex)
- Benign Tumor of Calcified Dentin Tissue
- Trauma or Infection
- Complex: No recognizable dental form
- Compound: Recognizable dental form
Abnormal Calcification and Apposition
- Enamel and Dentin Affected
- Histodifferentiation and Appositional Processes
- Enamel or Dentin Dysplasia
Enamel Dysplasia (Hypoplasia and Hypocalcification)
- Bands, ridges, pits, and discoloration
- Systemic or Hereditary
- Enamel Hypoplasia: Enamel matrix formation
- Enamel Hypocalcification: Enamel matrix maturation
Amelogenesis Imperfecta
- Type of Enamel Dysplasia
- Absence or immature enamel and rough tooth surface
- Prone to carries
- Hereditary
Dental Fluorosis
- Type of Enamel Hypocalcification
- High Dietary Fluoride
- White to brown bands
- Resistant to dental caries
Focal Hypomaturation
- Chalky, white, opaque appearance
- Prone to caries
Turner’s Teeth
- Broken incisal edge
- Trauma or infection
Dentinal Dysplasia
- Dentin Matrix Formation and Calcification
- Histodifferentiation and Apposition
Tetracycline Staining
From using antibiotic
Dentinogenesis Imperfecta
Weak dentin and no pulp chamber
