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BDS4- Paediatrics > Dental Anomalies > Flashcards

Dental Anomalies Flashcards

1
Q

What dental anomalies are there

A

Number

Size and shape

Structure- hard tissue defects

Eruption and exfoliation

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2
Q

What are the names for anomalies in number

A

Hypodontia

Hyperdontia/supernumery teeth

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3
Q

What is the most common tooth missing with hypodontia

A

3rd molars

9-37% of the population

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4
Q

What is the incidence for missing primary teeth

A

0.1-0.9%

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5
Q

Other than 3rd molars what is the incidence of missing permanent dentition

A

3.5-6.5%

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6
Q

In the permanent dentition what are the most common teeth missing

A

Mandibular premolars 1.2-2.5%

Maxillary lateral incisors 1-2%

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7
Q

What are the least likely teeth to be missing in the permanent dentition

A

1st molars and upper centrals

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8
Q

What conditions are asssociated with hypodontia

A

Ectodermal Dysplasia

Down Syndrome

Cleft Palate

Hurler’s syndrome

Incontinentia pigmentii

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9
Q

What is the prevalance of hyperdontia

A

1.5-3.5%

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10
Q

What are the types of supernumerary teeth

A

Conical (cone shaped)

Tuberculate (barrel shaped, has tubercles)

Supplemental (looks like tooth of normal series)

Odontome (irregular mass of dental hard tissue, compound or complex)

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11
Q

What anomalies of size and shape are there

A

microdont e.g. peg-shaped lateral incisors

macrodontia

double teeth
-Gemination (one tooth splits into 2)
-Fusion (two teeth join to form 1)

odontomes

taurodontism 6.3% in UK (flame shaped pulp)

dilaceration (crown or root)

accessory cusps e.g. talon cusp

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12
Q

How would you treat accessory cusps

A

Grind them down overtime to encourage the pulp to ‘shrink’ as there is still pulp in the cusps that you dont want to damage

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13
Q

How you treat dens in dente

A

Immediatly seal as much of the tooth to prevent bacterial ingress as root treating these teeth impossible

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14
Q

What structure anomalies of the root can happenn

A

Short roots

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15
Q

What is the most common tooth to have short root anomaly and what is the incidence

A

Permanent maxillary incisors

2.5%

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16
Q

What can cause the short root anomnaly

A

Radiotherapy

Dentine dysplasias

Accessory roots

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17
Q

What enamel structure anomalies are there

A

amelogenesis imperfecta

environmental enamel hypoplasia

localised enamel hypoplasia

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18
Q

What are the main types of amelogenesis imperfecta

A

Hypoplastic

Hypcalcified

Hypomaturational

Mixed forms

19
Q

What can cause enviromental enamel hypoplasia

A

Systemic causes

Nutritional

Metabolic eg. liver disease

Infection eg measles

20
Q

What can cause localised enamel hypoplasia

A

Truama

Infection of the tooth

21
Q

When hard tissue defects have been identified what do you do

A

Find out if its localised or generalised

22
Q

If its localised hard tissue defect what could the cause be

A

Trauma

Caries then abscess of primary incisors

23
Q

If its generalised hard tissue defect what do you do

A

Find out if its:

Enviromental
-Fluorosis
-childhood illness Eg. Liver or kidney failure

Hereditary
-Amelogenesis imperfecta

24
Q

Give examples of generalised enviromental enamel defects

A

Prenatal
-rubella, congenital syphilis, thalidomide, Fluoride, maternal A&D deficiency, cardiac & kidney disease.

Neonatal
-prematurity, meningitis.

Postnatal
-otitis media, measles, chickenpox, TB, pneumonia, diphtheria, deficiency of Vits A,C&D. heart disease. Long term health problem e.g. organ failure

25
Q

How many does Amelogenesis imperfecta affect

A

1:14,000

26
Q

What causes Amelogenesis imperfecta

A

familial inheritance

autosomal dominant, recessive, and x-linked

no associated systemic disorder

27
Q

How would you diagnose Amelogenesis imperfecta

A

Check family history

Check both dentitions if you can as it affects both

Check all the teeth as it affects all teeth

Compare tooth size, structure, colour

Take radiographs

28
Q

What is though to be the cause of Amelogenesis imperfecta

A

Enamel formation needs multiple genes to transcribe the process of crystal growth and mineralisation, in Amelogenesis imperfecta gene mutations found so far, involve enamel extracellular matrix molecules amelogenin and enamelin and kallikrein 4

29
Q

If its a Hypoplastic type of Amelogenesis imperfecta what is wrong

A

Enamel crystals do not gorw to the correct length

30
Q

If its a Hypocalcified type of Amelogenesis imperfecta what is wrong

A

Enamel defect due to malfunction of enamel calcification, therefore enamel is of normal thickness but is extremely brittle

31
Q

If its a Hypomaturational type of Amelogenesis imperfecta what is wrong

A

Enamel crystals grow incompletely in thickness or width but to normal length with incomplete mineralisation

32
Q

What problems arrise from amelogenesis imperfecta

A

sensitivity

caries/ acid susceptibility

poor aesthetics

poor oral hygiene

delayed eruption

anterior open bite

33
Q

What solutions to amelogenesis imperfecta is there

A

preventive therapy

composite veneers/ composite wash

fissure sealants

metal onlays

stainless steel crowns

orthodontics

34
Q

What systemic disorders are associated with enamel defects

A

epidermolysis bullosa

incontinenta pigmenti

Down’s

Prader-Willi

porphyria

tuberous sclerosis

pseudohypoparathyroidism

Hurler’s

35
Q

What anomalies of dentine structure is there

A

dentinogenesis imperfecta

dentine dysplasia

odontodysplasia

systemic disturbance

36
Q

What is the most common anomaly of dentine structure and how many types

A

dentinogenesis imperfecta

3 types

37
Q

What are the 3 types of dentinogenesis imperfecta

A

Type I- osteogenesis imperfecta

Type II-autosomal dominant

Brandywine

38
Q

What is dentine Dysplasia

A

normal crown morphology, amber radiolucency, pulpal obliteration, short constricted roots

39
Q

What is odontodysplasia

A

localised arrest in tooth development, thin layers of enamel and dentine, large pulp chambers

40
Q

How would you diagnose dentinogenesis imperfecta

A

heck the apperance of all the appearance

Check family history

Is there associated osteogenesis imperfecta

Check both dentitions as both dentitions affected

Take a radiograph and look for:
-bulbous crowns
-obliterated pulps (I & II)

41
Q

What problems is asociated with dentinogenesis imperfecta

A

aesthetics

caries / acid susceptibility

spontaneous abscess

42
Q

What solutions is there for dentinogenesis imperfecta

A

prevention

composite veneers

overdentures

removable prostheses

stainless steel crowns

43
Q

What anomalies of cementum are there and what are they

A

cleidocranial dysplasia
-hypoplasia of cellular component of cementum

hypophosphatasia
-hypoplasia or aplasia of cementum
-early loss of primary teeth

BDS4- Paediatrics (4 decks)

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