Dental Anomalies Flashcards
What dental anomaly results in fewer than normal teeth being present?
Hypodontia
What tooth is most commonly affected by hypodontia?
third molars
What teeth are least likely to be missing in hypodontia cases?
- first permanent molars
- upper central incisors
What syndromes are associated with hypodontia?
- ectodermal displasia
- down syndrome
- cleft palate
- Hurler’s syndrome
- incontinentia pigmentii
What restorative problem is common when upper lateral incisors are missing due to hypodontia?
Over-eruption of lower canines
What treament options are available for patients with hypodontia?
- removable prosthesis
- orthodontics
- composite build-ups
- porcelain veneers
- crowns & bridges
Why is preventative treatment so important in patients with hypodontia?
Patients already have a reduced dentition so you dont want to risk them losing anymore teeth
What problems are associated with hypodontia?
- abnormal shape & abnormal form of teeth
- spacing
- submergence
- deep overbite
- reduced LFH
Who is hyperdontia more common in?
males > females (2:1)
what is Hyperdontia?
Additional teeth to the normal dentition
In which jaw are hyperdontia teeth more commonly found?
Maxilla
What are the different types of supernumerary teeth?
- conical
- tuberculate
- supplemental
- odontome
How do conical supernumerary teeth present?
cone shaped
How do tuberculate supernumerary teeth present?
barrel shaped, has tubercles
How do supplemental supernumerary teeth present?
looks like tooth of normal series
How do odontome supernumerary teeth present?
irregular mass of dental hard tissue, compound or complex
What is the most common cause of delayed eruption of permanent incisor teeth?
Supernumerary teeth
what are microdont teeth?
teeth that are smaller than normal
give an example of microdont teeth?
peg-shaped lateral incisors
what is macrodontia?
when teeth are larger than normal
what is germination?
one tooth splits into 2
What is fusion of teeth?
2 teeth join to form 1
What is taurodontism?
flame shaped pulps in teeth
What is dens in dente?
“teeth inside teeth”
- extra growths on teeth that have their own pulp systems
- very hard to treat if they become decayed
What different enamel anomalies exist?
- amelogenesis imperfecta
- environmental enamel hypoplasia
- localised enamel hypoplasia
what are the different forms of amelogenesis imperfecta?
- hypoplastic
- hypocalcified
- hypomaturational
- mixed forms
what are some environmental causes of enamel hypoplasia?
- systemic
- nutritional
- metabolic
- infections
what are causes of localised enamel hypoplasia?
- trauma
- infection of primary predecessor
what systemic disease can cause MIH ?
liver or kidney failure during tooth development
What is the aetiology of amelogenesis imperfecta?
Familial inheritance
- autosomal dominant, recessive & x-linked
How is amelogenesis imperfecta diagnosed?
- check family history
- AI generally affects both dentitions
- affects all teeth
- look at tooth size, structure & colour
- radiographs
How does amelogenesis imperfecta present on radiographs?
You will fail to see a significant difference between the enamel & dentine layers
How are the enamel crystals affected in hypoplastic amelogenesis imperfecta?
enamel crystals do not grow to the correct length
How are the enamel crystals affected in hypomineralised amelogenesis imperfecta?
crystallites fail to grow in thickness & width
How are the enamel crystals affected in hypomaturational amelogenesis imperfecta?
enamel crystals grow incompletely in thickness or width but to normal length with incomplete mineralisation
what problems are associated with amelogenesis imperfecta?
- sensitivity
- caries/acid susceptibility
- poor aesthetics
- poor OH (due to sensitivity)
- delayed eruption
- anterior open bite
What are the solutions to help treat amelogenesis imperfecta?
- prevention !!!
- composite veneers/composite wash
- fissure sealants
- metal onlays
- SSCs
- orthodontics
Give examples of systemic disorders that are associated with enamel defects (not amelogenesis imperfecta):
- epidermolysis bullosa
- down’s syndrome
- Prader-Willi
- prophyria
- Hurler’s
What are some anomalies of dentine structure that can occur?
- dentinogenesis imperfecta
- dentine dysplasia
- odontodysplasia
- systemic disturbance
How does dentine dysplasia present?
- normal crown morphology
- amber radiolucency
- pulpal obliteration
- short constricted roots
How does odontodysplasia present?
Localised arrest in tooth development:
- thin layers of enamel & dentine
- large pulp chambers
- “ghost teeth”
What are the different types of dentinogenesis imperfecta?
- Type I (odontogenesis imperfecta)
- Type II (autosomal dominant
- Brandywine
what problems are associated with dentinogenesis imperfecta?
- aesthetics
- caries / acid susceptibility
- spontaneous abscess
- poor teeth prognosis
what solutions are used to treat patients with dentinogenesis imperfecta?
- prevention
- composite veneers
- overdentures (to cover compormised teeth)
- removable prostheses
- SSCs
What anomalies of cementum structure exist?
- cleidocranial dysplasia
- hypophosphatasia
What is cleidocranial dysplasia?
hypoplasia of cellular component of cementum
In which children is delayed eruption most common?
- pre-term & low birth-weight children
- malnutrition
In what general health syndromes/conditions is delayed tooth eruption seen?
- Down’s Syndrome
- hypothyroidism
- hypopituitarism
- cleidocranial dysplasia
What can cause delayed exfoliation of teeth?
- infra-occlusion of teeth
- hypodontia
- ectopic permanent successors
- trauma
