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BDS4 PAEDIATRICS > Dental Anomalies > Flashcards

Dental Anomalies Flashcards

1
Q

What dental anomaly results in fewer than normal teeth being present?

A

Hypodontia

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2
Q

What tooth is most commonly affected by hypodontia?

A

third molars

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3
Q

What teeth are least likely to be missing in hypodontia cases?

A
  • first permanent molars
  • upper central incisors
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4
Q

What syndromes are associated with hypodontia?

A
  • ectodermal displasia
  • down syndrome
  • cleft palate
  • Hurler’s syndrome
  • incontinentia pigmentii
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5
Q

What restorative problem is common when upper lateral incisors are missing due to hypodontia?

A

Over-eruption of lower canines

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6
Q

What treament options are available for patients with hypodontia?

A
  • removable prosthesis
  • orthodontics
  • composite build-ups
  • porcelain veneers
  • crowns & bridges
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7
Q

Why is preventative treatment so important in patients with hypodontia?

A

Patients already have a reduced dentition so you dont want to risk them losing anymore teeth

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8
Q

What problems are associated with hypodontia?

A
  • abnormal shape & abnormal form of teeth
  • spacing
  • submergence
  • deep overbite
  • reduced LFH
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9
Q

Who is hyperdontia more common in?

A

males > females (2:1)

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10
Q

what is Hyperdontia?

A

Additional teeth to the normal dentition

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11
Q

In which jaw are hyperdontia teeth more commonly found?

A

Maxilla

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12
Q

What are the different types of supernumerary teeth?

A
  • conical
  • tuberculate
  • supplemental
  • odontome
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13
Q

How do conical supernumerary teeth present?

A

cone shaped

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14
Q

How do tuberculate supernumerary teeth present?

A

barrel shaped, has tubercles

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15
Q

How do supplemental supernumerary teeth present?

A

looks like tooth of normal series

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16
Q

How do odontome supernumerary teeth present?

A

irregular mass of dental hard tissue, compound or complex

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17
Q

What is the most common cause of delayed eruption of permanent incisor teeth?

A

Supernumerary teeth

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18
Q

what are microdont teeth?

A

teeth that are smaller than normal

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19
Q

give an example of microdont teeth?

A

peg-shaped lateral incisors

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20
Q

what is macrodontia?

A

when teeth are larger than normal

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21
Q

what is germination?

A

one tooth splits into 2

22
Q

What is fusion of teeth?

A

2 teeth join to form 1

23
Q

What is taurodontism?

A

flame shaped pulps in teeth

24
Q

What is dens in dente?

A

“teeth inside teeth”
- extra growths on teeth that have their own pulp systems
- very hard to treat if they become decayed

25
Q

What different enamel anomalies exist?

A
  • amelogenesis imperfecta
  • environmental enamel hypoplasia
  • localised enamel hypoplasia
26
Q

what are the different forms of amelogenesis imperfecta?

A
  • hypoplastic
  • hypocalcified
  • hypomaturational
  • mixed forms
27
Q

what are some environmental causes of enamel hypoplasia?

A
  • systemic
  • nutritional
  • metabolic
  • infections
28
Q

what are causes of localised enamel hypoplasia?

A
  • trauma
  • infection of primary predecessor
29
Q

what systemic disease can cause MIH ?

A

liver or kidney failure during tooth development

30
Q

What is the aetiology of amelogenesis imperfecta?

A

Familial inheritance
- autosomal dominant, recessive & x-linked

31
Q

How is amelogenesis imperfecta diagnosed?

A
  • check family history
  • AI generally affects both dentitions
  • affects all teeth
  • look at tooth size, structure & colour
  • radiographs
32
Q

How does amelogenesis imperfecta present on radiographs?

A

You will fail to see a significant difference between the enamel & dentine layers

33
Q

How are the enamel crystals affected in hypoplastic amelogenesis imperfecta?

A

enamel crystals do not grow to the correct length

34
Q

How are the enamel crystals affected in hypomineralised amelogenesis imperfecta?

A

crystallites fail to grow in thickness & width

35
Q

How are the enamel crystals affected in hypomaturational amelogenesis imperfecta?

A

enamel crystals grow incompletely in thickness or width but to normal length with incomplete mineralisation

36
Q

what problems are associated with amelogenesis imperfecta?

A
  • sensitivity
  • caries/acid susceptibility
  • poor aesthetics
  • poor OH (due to sensitivity)
  • delayed eruption
  • anterior open bite
37
Q

What are the solutions to help treat amelogenesis imperfecta?

A
  • prevention !!!
  • composite veneers/composite wash
  • fissure sealants
  • metal onlays
  • SSCs
  • orthodontics
38
Q

Give examples of systemic disorders that are associated with enamel defects (not amelogenesis imperfecta):

A
  • epidermolysis bullosa
  • down’s syndrome
  • Prader-Willi
  • prophyria
  • Hurler’s
39
Q

What are some anomalies of dentine structure that can occur?

A
  • dentinogenesis imperfecta
  • dentine dysplasia
  • odontodysplasia
  • systemic disturbance
40
Q

How does dentine dysplasia present?

A
  • normal crown morphology
  • amber radiolucency
  • pulpal obliteration
  • short constricted roots
41
Q

How does odontodysplasia present?

A

Localised arrest in tooth development:
- thin layers of enamel & dentine
- large pulp chambers
- “ghost teeth”

42
Q

What are the different types of dentinogenesis imperfecta?

A
  • Type I (odontogenesis imperfecta)
  • Type II (autosomal dominant
  • Brandywine
43
Q

what problems are associated with dentinogenesis imperfecta?

A
  • aesthetics
  • caries / acid susceptibility
  • spontaneous abscess
  • poor teeth prognosis
44
Q

what solutions are used to treat patients with dentinogenesis imperfecta?

A
  • prevention
  • composite veneers
  • overdentures (to cover compormised teeth)
  • removable prostheses
  • SSCs
45
Q

What anomalies of cementum structure exist?

A
  • cleidocranial dysplasia
  • hypophosphatasia
46
Q

What is cleidocranial dysplasia?

A

hypoplasia of cellular component of cementum

47
Q

In which children is delayed eruption most common?

A
  • pre-term & low birth-weight children
  • malnutrition
48
Q

In what general health syndromes/conditions is delayed tooth eruption seen?

A
  • Down’s Syndrome
  • hypothyroidism
  • hypopituitarism
  • cleidocranial dysplasia
49
Q

What can cause delayed exfoliation of teeth?

A
  • infra-occlusion of teeth
  • hypodontia
  • ectopic permanent successors
  • trauma
50
Q
A

BDS4 PAEDIATRICS (5 decks)

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