Dental Anatomy Miscellaneous Flashcards
when the mandible moves from CO to edge-to-edge, the condyles move ___ and ___
forward and downward
what directions do non-working condyles move?
downward, forward, and medial
anterior guidance plays the greatest role in discluding the posterior teeth during what movement?
latero-protrusive
teeth are in contact in intercuspal position during what type of swallowing?
non-masticatory
tooth contact almost exclusively determines ___ position
intercuspal
centric relation is a ___-guided position
ligament
centric occlusion is a ___-guided position
tooth
in posselt’s envelope of motion, maximum intercuspal position is the most ___ point
superior
what is another term for centric occlusion?
intercuspal position
when the mandible moves from centric occlusion to edge-to-edge, the condyles move ___ and ___
forward and downward
what is the bennett movement
- the side shift of the mandible
- the bodily shift of the mandible toward the working condyle
bennett occurs during which stage of lateral movement?
the earliest stage
physiological rest position is also known as ___
postural position
postural position is ___mm below ICP/CO
2-4mm
is postural/physiological position a border position?
no
the mandibular postural position is determined almost exclusively by ___
the behavior of the mandibular musculature
if you move from physiological/postural position from CO, what muscles are being used?
anterior fibers of the temporalis (elevates the mandible)
which curve (spee or wilson) is the anterior-posterior curvature of the occlusal surfaces as seen in a facial/buccal view?
spee
the usual overjet is ___mm
2-4
___ is horizontal overlap, whereas ___ is vertical overlap
overjet, overbite
the hardest dental tissue is ___
enamel
what is the main component of enamel?
inorganic matter (hydroxyapatite, NO collagen)
the direction of enamel rods in the cervical 3rd of permanent teeth is in a ___ direction, whereas it is in a ___ direction in deciduous teeth
- permanent = gingival direction
- primary = apical direction
___ is the result of normal enamel apposition seen on the surface of teeth, whereas ___ is seen on the inside
- perikymata
- striae of retzius
for multirooted teeth, dentin continues to form most rapidly at the ___ and ___ of the pulp chamber
floor and roof
caries stimulates the production of ___ dentin
tertiary
the percentage of dentin that is organic is ___%
20-30%
the PRIMARY function of the dental pulp is to ___
form dentin
the dental papilla forms ___ and ___
dentin and pulp (think dental papilla = DP = dentin pulp)
the dentin that is most highly mineralized is ___ or ___
intra or peritubular dentin
the DEJ occurs at the junction of the ___ and the ___
dental papilla and the inner enamel epithelium
the cells in the dentin that are in contact with the inner enamel epithelium are ___
odontoblasts
the softest dental tissue is ___
cementum
what are the 2 types of cementum?
cellular and acellular
cementum is (thinner/thicker) and (cellular/acellular) at the apical 3rd, whereas it is (thinner/thicker) and (cellular/acellular) at the coronal 2/3
- apical 1/3 = thicker and cellular
- coronal 2/3 = thinner and acellular
when viewed from the occlusal, the arrangement of the teeth are ___
parabolic
viewed from the occlusal, the 4 posterior teeth in the mandibular arch are aligned ___
in a straight line
the number of lobes that form the posterior teeth coincides with the number of ___
cusps
all teeth develop from 4 lobes except ___ and ___
permanent 1st molars and the mandibular 2nd premolar 3-cusp type (develop from 5 lobes)
3rd molars may develop from ___ or ___ lobes
4 or 5
the mandibular 1st premolar has its mesial marginal ridge more ___ than the distal marginal ridge
cervical
T or F:
all teeth have distal and mesial marginal ridges
true
___ separate cusp ridges from marginal ridges
developmental grooves
a ___ ridge results from the union of the facial and lingual triangular ridges
transverse
there are a total of ___ teeth in the permanent dentition that normally have cingula
- 12 (6 upper anteriors and 6 lower anteriors)
- in other words, all anterior teeth generally have cingula
the occlusal table of a posterior tooth makes up ___% of the total FL dimension
55-65%
what 4 tissues make up the periodontium?
gingiva + PDL + cementum + alveolar bone
the epithelial attachment is also called the ___
junctional epithelium
the epithelial attachment is often considered part of a tooth’s ___
periodontium
the PDL is ___mm wide; in old age, thickness decreases to about ___mm due to the deposition of cementum and bone
0.2mm, 0.1mm
PDL fibers attach the ___ to the ___
tooth (cementum) to the dental alveolar bone
which fibers attach the tooth (cementum) to gingiva?
gingival fibers
___ is the predominant connective tissue for periodontal ligament fibers
type I collagen
the ___ fibers of the PDL provide the major support for a tooth during function
oblique
the ___ fibers of the PDL reduce the likelihood of forceful impaction into the alveolus
oblique
oblique fibers of the PDL are most likely to be found in what area of the root?
middle 3rd
transseptal fibers are ___ fibers
gingival (NOT periodontal)
___ fibers extend from tooth to tooth
transseptal
the pulp chamber of a mature tooth contains ___ and ___
blood vessels and nerves
approximately ___% of permanent root formation is completed at the time the tooth erupts
50%
the apex of a tooth is fully formed how long after it erupts in the mouth?
2-3 years
what are the functions of the dental pulp?
- PRIMARY function is dentin formation
- other functions include supply nutrients and transmit sensory stimuli
all teeth have FACIAL height of contours in the cervical 1/3, except for ___
mandibular molars
all anterior teeth have LINGUAL height of contours in the ___
cervical 1/3
all posterior teeth have lingual height of contours in the middle 1/3 except the ___
mandibular 2nd premolar, which is in the occlusal 1/3
the cervical line of permanent teeth has the greatest depth of curvatures on the ___ aspect
mesial
what are the general rules for the curvature of the cervical line?
dips deeper on…
- anterior teeth than posterior
- maxilla than mandible
- M than D
the curvature of the cervical line is greatest on which permanent tooth?
maxillary central incisor (M aspect)
___ is an excess of calcified tissue (cementum) formation at the root apex
hypercementosis
supernumerary teeth, when seen in the maxilla, are usually found where?
- between the centrals (mesiodens)
- 4th molars
___ is when cementum of two teeth join together
concrescence
___ is a developmental abnormality characterized by the presence of fewer teeth than usual
oligodontia
___ is the condition of missing all teeth
anodontia
