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Dental Anatomy > Dental Anatomy Exam 5 > Flashcards

Dental Anatomy Exam 5 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the different types of papillae?

A

Circumvallate, Fungiform, Filiform, & Foliate

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2
Q

What is Circumvallate Papillae?

A
  • v-shaped row of circular papillae

- consists of taste buds: salty, sweet, sour, and bitter

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3
Q

What is Fungiform Papillae?

A

anterior 2/3s of the tongue have tiny, round, raised spots

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4
Q

What is Filiform Papillae?

A

-anterior 2/3s of the tongue is covered with tiny pointed projections of parakertanized to keratinized epithelium

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5
Q

What is hairy tongue?

A

-filiform papillae; the epithelia on these papillae grow very long and trap between the food and pigments originating from oral bacteria and food

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6
Q

(Filiform papillae); epithelia of these papillae are lost, and the surface in that area becomes very smooth

A

glossitis

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7
Q

What is Foliate Papillae?

A

papillae located in the posterior lateral border of the tongue an area where oral cancer can begin!!!

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8
Q

What are gingival fibers?

A

fibers that run from the cementum into the free and attached gingival area; supports the gingiva

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9
Q

What are circular gingival fibers?

A

fibers that run around the tooth in free gingiva and hold gingiva against the tooth

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10
Q

What is acellular cementum?

A

cementoblasts remain on the surface rather than becoming trapped within the cementum

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11
Q

What is cellular cementum?

A

it is more responsive to remodeling itself; located in apical 1/3 of the root

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12
Q

What is hypercementosis?

A

cellular cementum at the apex of the root tends to (increase in thickness) with the passage of time and (as a result of stress causing thickening)

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13
Q

What are the 3 peridontal ligament fiber groups?

A

Gingival fibers, Transseptal fibers, and Alveolodental fibers

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14
Q

What are the functions of each PDL fiber group?

A

Gingival: run from the cementum into the free and attached gingival area
Transseptal: run from the cementum of the interproximal portion of one tooth, across the alveolar crest of bone, to the cementum of the interproximal portion of the adjacent tooth
Alveolodental: run from cementum to alveolar bone

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15
Q

What are the groups within the alveolodental fibers called?

A 
Alveolar Crest
Horizontal
Oblique
Apical
Interradicular
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16
Q

Alveolar Crest Group:

A

runs from cementum, slightly ‘apical’ to the alveolar crest of the bone; it helps resist horizontal movements of teeth

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17
Q

Horizontal Group:

A

runs from the cementum ‘horizontally’ to the alveolar crest; (helps resist horizontal movement)

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18
Q

Oblique Group:

A

runs from the cementum into the alveolar bone; resists “o”cclusal stresses

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19
Q

Apical Group:

A

runs from the ‘apex’ of the tooth into the adjacent alveolar bone; resists forces trying to pull the tooth from its socket

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20
Q

Interradicular Group:

A

found ONLY on multirooted teeth; runs from the alveolar crest of the bone between the roots of the tooth to adjacent cementum

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21
Q

If the opposing tooth is lost, the tooth may continue to erupt in what is generally referred to as:

A

supraeruption it makes it difficult to establish the normal occlusal plane

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22
Q

A condition that occurs on a ‘primary’ tooth in when the alveolar crest of bone fuses in the cervical area with the cementum of a resorbing root

A

ankylosis

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23
Q

What is exfoliation?

A

it is the shedding of primary dentition; the 20 permanent teeth that follow the primary teeth develop as offshoots of the primary dental lamina

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24
Q

What causes retained primary teeth?

A

First: there may be no permanent successor
Second: there may be ankylosis of the primary tooth
Last: the permanent tooth does not erupt in its normal position

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25
Q

The gingiva is divided into two regions:

A

free gingiva & attached gingiva

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26
Q

Two regions combine to form the peak of gingiva that extends coronally between the teeth is called:

A

interdental papilla

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27
Q

What is the interdental papilla’s function?

A

to prevent food from impacting interproximally beneath the contact area of the teeth

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28
Q

What is col?

A

part of the interdental papilla that is apical to the contact area and connects the facial and lingual interdental papilla

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29
Q

A very shallow groove around the tooth

A

sulcus the average depth with a periodontal probe is about 2mm-3mm

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30
Q

In a healthy state, the gingiva usually has a stippled or dimpled appearance what is this called?

A

rete pegs

31
Q

Normal color of gingiva

A

pink

32
Q

What color is the gingiva in a diseased state?

A

reddish, whitish, or have ulcerations or outgrowths of the mucosa

33
Q

This is trauma to a minor salivary gland and can cause a blisterlike lesion known as:

A

mucocele

34
Q

What is linea alba?

A

a line corresponding to the occlusal surfaces of the teeth

35
Q

When does the tongue develop?

A

at about 4 1/2 weeks the buccopharyngeal membrane ruptures, but the epithelium in that area still comes from two distinct germ layers; it is at this point that the ‘tongue’ starts to develop as a swelling that arises out of the back of the pharyngeal arches

36
Q

What is Sharpey’s Fibers?

A

parts of the periodontal ligament embedded in the cementum

37
Q

Fibers found on multirooted teeth:

A

Alveolodental fibers in the interradicular group

38
Q

another word for swelling

A

edema

39
Q

What is xerostomia?

A

dry mouth

40
Q

Where are taste buds located?

A

Circumvallate Papillae; taste buds are salty, sweet, sour, and bitter

41
Q

The mucous membrane is divided into 3 categories:

A

Specialized Mucosa
Masticatory Mucosa
Lining Mucosa

42
Q

What is specialized mucosa?

A

mucosa on the upper surface or ‘dorsum’ of the tongue

43
Q

What is masticatory mucosa?

A

the gingiva and hard palate; undergoes trauma or compression

44
Q

What is lining mucosa?

A

all other areas of oral mucosa

45
Q

The masticatory mucosa consists of:

A
  • free gingiva & attached
  • interdental papilla
  • col
  • sulcus
  • stratified squamous epithelium
  • junctional epithelium
46
Q

The lining mucosa consists of:

A
  • Alveolar mucosa: runs from the gingiva to the area of the mucobuccal fold
  • Buccal mucosa: the mucosa of the cheek (linea alba)
  • Libial mucosa: trauma to mucosa of the lip may cause thickening as in the cheek (mucosele)
  • It is non-keratinized
47
Q

What is sleep apnea?

A

mucosa of the soft palate can fall blocking the airway during sleep

48
Q

Where is the submucosa located and what is in it?

A

It is the connective tissue beneath the mucosa that contains ‘blood vessels’ and ‘nerves’
When it is present, it tends to contain ‘fatty tissue’, ‘minor salivary glands’, or ‘both’

49
Q

Tongue Muscle groupings:

A

Extrinsic & Intrinsic

50
Q

What do the extrinsic muscles consist of:

A

4 pairs of muscles, left & right

  • Hyoglossus
  • Styloglossus
  • Palatoglossus
  • Genioglossus
51
Q

What do the intrinsic muscles consist of:

A

They start and end wholly within the tongue

  • Superior longitudinal group
  • Inferior longitudinal group
  • Transverse group
  • Vertical group
52
Q

Enzymes in saliva:

A

amylase, lysozyme, lingual lipase, and kallikrein

53
Q

What is lamina dura caused by?

A

bundle bone being laid down on the cribiform plate and is an indication of occlusal trauma to that tooth or teeth

54
Q

Normal path of eruption of the teeth:

A

Permanent teeth erupt apically and lingually to the primary teeth

55
Q

What is spongy bone?

A

bone marrow; between the cortical plate and the cribiform plate

56
Q

When does root formation begin?

A

begins after the outline of the crown has been established but before the full crown is calcified

57
Q

What is the control of secretion for the salivary glands called?

A

autonomic nervous system

58
Q

4 theories that cause tooth eruption:

A

Root Elongation: increase in root length
Alveolar Bone Formation & Changes: alveolar bone growth, tooth development, …
Vascular Pressure in Dental Tissues: vascular pressures present enhance cellular activity but seem to have a direct eruptive role
The Role of the Tooth Itself

59
Q

What does keratinized mean?

A

on its surface are layers of dead cells without nuclei

60
Q

What does parakeratinized mean?

A

on its surface are some dead cells without nuclei and some apparently dying cells within slightly shriveled nuclei

61
Q

What does nonkeratinized mean?

A

cells on the surface all tend to have nuclei that appear fairly healthy and normal

62
Q

Implies the emergence of a crown into the oral cavity; it is the total life span of the tooth, from the beginning of crown development until the tooth is lost or the individual dies

A

Active Tooth Eruption

63
Q

There are 3 eruptive stages, what are they?

A

Pre-Eruptive Stage
Eruptive Stage
Post-Eruptive Stage

64
Q

Pre-Eruptive Stage:

A
  • Begins as the crown starts to develop

- The eruptive is of two varieties: spatial & excentric

65
Q

Pre-Eruptive Stage: Spatial Movement

A

when the crown develops while the bottom of the socket fills in with bone, pushing the crown toward the surface

66
Q

Pre-Eruptive Stage: Excentric or (off center growth)

A

when the crown of a tooth does not grow in a perfectly symmetrical pattern; the center of the tooth is shifting

67
Q

Eruptive Stage

A
  • Begins with the development of the root
  • Tooth breaks through the mucosal layer and emerges into the oral cavity
  • Erupts occlusally and facially, more facial in the anteriors than in the posteriors
68
Q

Post-Eruptive Stage:

A

-Begins when the teeth come into occlusion and continues until they are lost or death occurs

69
Q

Post-Eruptive Stage functions in several ways:

A

First: the mandible continues to grow and increase the space between the maxilla and mandible, the teeth will continue to erupt to maintain a balance in the arches
Second: the teeth wear occlusally because of prolonged masticatory stress and wear, they will continue to erupt to maintain tooth contact
Third: because there is slight interproximal wear, there will be a slight mesial eruptive force that keeps the teeth in contact
Finally: if opposing tooth is lost, supraeruption occurs; this makes it difficult to establish the normal occlusal plane

70
Q

Reasons why primary teeth are retained beyond their normal time for exfoliation:

A

First: there may be no permanent successor & the tooth remains
Second: ankylosis of the primary tooth occurs ( when the alveolar crest of bone fuses in the cervical area with the cementum of a resorbing root
Last: the permanent tooth does not erupt in its normal position therefore does not cause resorption of the primary tooth root or roots

71
Q

The bone of the upper or lower jaw that makes up the sockets for the teeth

A

Alveolar bone

72
Q

Bone that forms the socket for the tooth

A

Cortical plate

73
Q

Radiographically it is referred to as the lamina dura

A

Cribiform plate

74
Q

Between the cortical plate and cribiform plate

A

Spongy bone or Cancellous bone

Dental Anatomy (1 decks)

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