Dental Anatomy - Boards Flashcards
type of dentition where all teeth have the same morphology
homodont dentition
type of dentitition where the teeth have different morphologies (human)
heterodont dentition
does human have a homodont or heterodont dentition?
heterodont dentition (teeth have different morphologies)
word of the species only has one set of teeth? two sets? three sets?
one set = monophyodont
two = diphyodont dentition
how many sets of teeth do humans have and whats that called?
two = diphyodont dentition
how many anterior teeth do we have?
12 (6 per arch)
how many posterior teeth do we have?
20 (10 per arch)
what is the difference between an anatomic crown and the clinical crown?
anatomic crown: portion of the tooth from the CEJ to the occlusal surface
clinical crown: portion of the tooth seen ABOVE the gingival margin
difference between an incisal edge and occlusal surface?
incisal: chewing surface of anterior teeth
occlusal: chewing surface of posterior teeth consiting of cusps, ridges, and grooves
the occlusal surface within the cusp and marginal ridges
occlusal table
what is a lobe?
represented by cusps, memelons, and cingula, and are seperated by developmental depressions (anterior teeth) and developmental grooves (posterior teeth)
the presence of mamelons in adult occlusion is a sign of what and why?
malocclusion
-in normal occlusion the mamelons are worn down by attrition and mastication
what is a mamelon?
a round extension of enamel on the incisal edge of all incisors, usually 3 per incisor (1 per lobe), often translucent because of a lack of underlying dentin
a bulbous convexity of enamel located on the cervical third of the lingual surfaces of all anterior teeth
cingulum
an extra formation of enamel on the crown of the tooth, often manifests as a supernumerary cusp
tubercle aka cusp of carabelli
what teeth have marginal ridges?
all
what is a ridge?
a linear elevation on the enamel surface
what teeth have a labial ridge and what is it?
only on canines
runs incisocervically in the center of the facial crown surface
is the labial ridge more prominant on mandibular or maxillary canines?
maxillary canines
what teeth have a buccal cusp ridge and what is it?
only on premolars
runs occlusocervically in the center of the buccal crown surface
is the buccal cusp ridge more prominent on first or second premolars?
first premolars
what teeth have a cervical ridge? what is it?
all primary teeth and permanent molars
what are the only teeth to have oblique ridges?
maxillary molars
what is the oblique ridge? where does it run?
extends from the mesiolingual (ML) to the distobuccal cusp (DB) cusps and it seperates the mesiobuccal (MB) and distolingual (DL) cusps
what teeth have a triangular ridge? what is it?
all posterior teeth
what teeth have two triangular ridges?
the ML cusp of all maxillary molars
where can you find a transverse ridge? what is it?
most posterior teeth
runs buccolingually and connects opposing buccal and lingual triangular ridges
where can you commonly find transverse ridges?
common on maxillary premolars and mandibular molars
what is a sulcus and where can you find it?
V-shaped depression on the occlusal surface of posterior teeth between ridges and cusps
what is a fossa?
irregularly shaped depression in the enamel surface
a well-defined, shallow, linear depression in enamel that separates the cusps, lobes, and marginal ridges of a tooth?
developmental groove
a narrow crevice at the deepest portion of the developmental groove in enamel
fissure
a small pinpoint concavity a the termination or junction of developmental grooves
pit
an irregularly defined, short groove auxillary to a developmental groove that does not separate major tooth parts
supplemental grooves
a space between two adjacent teeth in an arch
diastema
a triangular space between the proximal surfaces of adjacent teeth that diverge in four directions from the contact area
embrasure
area of multirooted teeth where the roots diverge
furcation
what nerves supply the innervation for maxillary and mandibular teeth?
maxillary nerve-V2 and mandibular-V3 are branches of the trigeminal (CN-V)
arterial supply to teeth
all dental and periodontal arterial supply arises from the maxillary artery
the arterial supply generally parallels the corresponding nerves
venous return from the teeth
all dental and periodontal venous return drains to pterygoid plexus of veins all which form the maxillary vein
teeth least likely to get caries
mandibular incisors
how many line angles do anterior teeth have? posterior teeth?
anterior teeth have 6 line angles
posterior teeth have 8 line angles
how many point angles do teeth have?
four
what are the 4 embrasures per contact area?
buccal
lingual
occlusal
cervical
how many roots does a maxillary molar have?
maxillary molars are generally TRIfuricated
how many roots does a mandibular molar usually have?
generally are BIfuricated
what nerve innervates the maxillary first molar?
DB root is by the posteriorsuperior alveolar
MB root is by the middle superior alveolar
what does the ASA supply?
anterior gingiva
anterior pulps
what does the MSA supply?
gingiva of premolars
pulps of premolars
sometimes MB root of 1st molar
what does the PSA supply?
gingiva adjacent molars
pulps of molars
what does the buccal nerve supply?
the buccal gingiva of the mandibular molars
what does the mental nerve supply?
the facial gingiva of the premolars and anterior teeth
what does the IA supply?
the pulps of all the mandibular teeth
height of mesial and distal contacts of maxillary central incisor
mesial: incisal 1/3
distal: junction
height of mesial and distal contacts of maxillary lateral incisor
mesial: junction
distal: middle 1/3
height of mesial and distal contacts of maxillary canine
mesial: junction
distal: middle 1/3
height of mesial and distal contacts of maxillary first premolar
mesial: middle 1/3
distal: middle 1/3
height of mesial and distal contacts of maxillary second premolar
mesial: middle 1/3
distal: middle 1/3
height of mesial and distal contacts of maxillary first molar
mesial: middle 1/3
distal: middle 1/3
height of mesial and distal contacts of maxillary second molar
mesial: middle 1/3
distal: middle 1/3
height of mesial and distal contacts of maxillary third molar
mesial: middle 1/3
height of mesial and distal contacts of mandibular central incisor
mesial: incisal 1/3
distal: incisal 1/3
height of mesial and distal contacts of mandibular lateral incisor
mesial: incisal 1/3
distal: incisal 1/3
height of mesial and distal contacts of mandibular canine
mesial: incisal 1/3
distal: middle 1/3
height of mesial and distal contacts of mandibular first premolar
mesial: middle 1/3
distal: middle 1/3
height of mesial and distal contacts of mandibular second premolar
mesial: middle 1/3
distal: middle 1/3
height of mesial and distal contacts of mandibular molars
mesial: middle 1/3
distal: middle 1/3
height of contour for facial and lingual maxillary central incisor
facial: cervical 1/3
lingual: cervical 1/3, cingulum
height of contour for facial and lingual maxillary lateral incisor
facial: cervical 1/3
lingual: cervical 1/3, cingulum
height of contour for facial and lingual maxillary canine
facial: cervical 1/3
lingual: cervical 1/3, cingulum
height of contour for facial and lingual maxillary first premolar
facial: cervical 1/3
lingual: cervical 1/3
all human teeth follow a pattern for height of contour, what is it?
anterior facial: cervical 1/3
anterior lingual: cervical 1/3, cingulum
posterior facial: cervical 1/3
posterior lingual: middle 1/3
root length and crown length of maxillary central incisor
root: 13mm
crown: 10.5mm
root length and crown length of maxillary lateral incisor
root: 13mm
crown: 9mm
root length and crown length of maxillary canine
root: 17mm
crown: 10mm
root length and crown length of maxillary first premolar
root: 14mm
crown: 8.5mm
root length and crown length of maxillary second premolar
root: 14mm
crown: 8.5mm
root length and crown length of maxillary first molar
root: 12-13mm
crown: 7mm
root length and crown length of maxillary second molar
root: 11-12mm
crown: 6.5mm
root length and crown length of maxillary third molar
root: 11mm
crown: 6mm
root length and crown length of mandibular central incisor
root: 12.5mm
crown: 9mm
root length and crown length of mandibular lateral incisor
root: 14mm
crown: 9.5mm
root length and crown length of mandibular canine
root: 16mm
crown: 11mm
root length and crown length of mandibular first premolar
root: 14mm
crown: 8.5mm
root length and crown length of mandibular second premolar
root: 14.5mm
crown: 8mm
root length and crown length of mandibular first molar
root: 14mm
crown: 7.5mm
root length and crown length of mandibular second molar
root: 13mm
crown: 7mm
root length and crown length of mandibular third molar
root: 11mm
crown: 7mm
lobes and cusps of maxillary anterior teeth
1 lobe
1 cusp
lobes and cusps of maxillary first premolar
4 lobes
2 cusps
lobes and cusps of maxillary second premolar
4 lobes
2 cusps
lobes and cusps of maxillary first molar
5 lobes
4or5 cusps
lobes and cusps of maxillary second molar
4 lobes
4 cusps
lobes and cusps of maxillary third molar
4or5 lobes
3 cusps
lobes and cusps of mandibular anterior teeth
4 lobes
1 cusp
lobes and cusps of mandibular first molar
4 cusps
2 lobes
lobes and cusps of mandibular second molar
5 lobes
2or3 cusps
lobes and cusps of mandibular second premolar
5 cusps
2or3 lobes
lobes and cusps of mandibular first molar
5 lobes
5 cusps
lobes and cusps of mandibular second molars
4 lobes
4 cusps
lobes and cusps of mandibular third molars
4 or 5 cusps
4 or 5 lobes
of roots and canals for maxillary anterior teeth
1 root
1 canal
of roots and canals for maxillary first premolar
2 roots
2 canals
of roots and canals for maxillary second premolar
1 root
1 canal
of roots and canals for maxillary first molar
3 roots
3 or 4 canals
of roots and canals for maxillary second molar
3 roots
3 or 4 canals
of roots and canals for maxillary third molars
3 roots
variable canals
of roots and canals for mandibular central incisor
1 root
1 canal
of roots and canals for mandibular lateral incisor
1 root
1or2 canals
of roots and canals for mandibular canine
1 or 2 roots
1 canal
of roots and canals for mandibular first premolar
1 root
1 canal
of roots and canals for mandibular second premolar
1 root
1 canal
of roots and canals for mandibular first molar
2 roots
3 or 4 canals
of roots and canals for mandibular second molar
2 roots
3 or 4 canals
of roots and canals for mandibular third molar
2 roots
variable canals
what is the universal numbering system?
32 permanent teeth
teeth are numbered 1 thru 32 starting from the maxillary right 3rd molar and ending with the mandibular right 3rd molar
what is the Federation Dentaire Internationale System?
each tooth is given a two-digit number, the first digit represents the quadrant in which the tooth is located (1,2,3,4), the second digit indicates the tooth position relative to the midline from closest to furthest away
the 3 things that a proximal contact prevents?
prevents rotation
prevents mesial drift
prevents food impactions
are proximal contacts located buccally or lingually?
always bucally
the proximal shape of anterior teeth
all are triangular
the proximal shape of all maxillary posterior teeth
trapezoidal
the proximal shape of all mandibular posterior teeth
rhomboidal
whats forms the hight of contour for all anterior teeth?
cingulum
always located at the cervical third of the crown
two main purposes of the height of contour?
help form the mesial and distal contact areas
allows for adeqaute gingival health
does the maximum height of contour increase as you move anteriorly or posteriorly?
increases as you move anteriorly
what tooth has the greatest CEJ contour? how do you figure?
maxillary central incisor (mesial)
the mesial CEJ contour is always greater than the distal contour
in which direction do the facial and lingual CEJ contours curve?
apically
in which direction fo the mesial and distal CEJs curve?
coronally
what premolar has 5 lobes (3 buccal, 2 lingual)?
mandibular second premolar
what is the maxillary and mandibular arc length?
maxillary 128mm
mandibular 126mm
what tooth has the most promient CEJ contour?
mesial maxillary central
what tooth has the second largest crown length?
maxillary central
largest is mandibular canine
what tooth has the widest crown of all anterior teeth?
maxillary central
in the maxillary central incisor which dimension is greater? mesiodistal or faciolingual?
mesiodistal; faciolingual
which tooth has the narrowest incisal embrasures?
maxillary central
maxillary central has how many developmental grooves?
four
is the cingulum on the maxillary central located mesially or distally?
slightly distally
tooth least leakly to have a divided root canal?
maxillary central
tooth with the roundest root?
maxillary central
tooth which has the greatest axial inclination
maxillary central
what tooth occludes with the mandibular central and lateral incisors?
maxillary central
most common congenitally missing tooth
maxillary lateral
most common tooth to have a palato-radicular groove?
maxillary lateral (2-5%)
is the lateral incisor larger mesiodistally or faciolingually?
mesiodistally is larger than faciolingual
what tooth has the most concave lingual surface?
maxillary lateral
is the cingulum on the maxillary lateral positioned mesially or distally?
cingulum is positioned centrally
what shape is the pulp chamber on the maxillary lateral?
pulp chamber is egg shaped with the widest portion on the buccal
which direction does the root tip tip on the maxillary central
root typically dilacerates to the distal
what teeth occlude the mandibular lateral incisor and canine?
maxillary lateral
what is the longest tooth in the mouth?
maxillary canine
is the maxillary canine larger faciolingually or mesiodistally?
faciolingual; mesiodistal
what does the lingual look like of a maxillary canine?
mesial surface is straighter (less convex) than the distal
which tooth has the most prominent labial ridge?
maxillary canine
where is the cusp top located on the maxillary canine?
cusp tip is located on the mesiofacial aspect of the crown
which cusp ridge is larger on the maxillary canine?
mesial cusp ridge is shorter than the distal
where is the cingulum positioned on the maxillary canine
cingulum is positioned centrally
what is the root shape of a maxillary canine
root is oval and flattened mesiodistally
what tooth occludes the mandibular canine and first premolar?
maxillary canine
what is usually the largest premolar?
maxillary first premolar
what is the only premolar with two roots?
maxillary first premolar
what tooth has a prominent mesial marginal ridge groove?
maxillary first premolar
what tooth has an occlusal rectangular shape but the proximal shape is tapezoidal?
maxillary first premolar
on the buccal cusp of maxillary first premolar, which cusp ridge is longer? mesial or distal?
mesial buccal cusp ridge is longer than the distal buccal cusp ridge
how are the two cusps positioned on maxillary first premolar?
buccal is slightly distal
palatal is slightly mesial
which tooth occludes with the mandibular first and second premolars?
maxillary first premolar
what is the occlusal shape and proximal shape of the maxillary second premolar?
occlusal is rectangular
proximal is trapezoidal
difference between the groves between maxillary first and second premolar?
first has long central groove without pits
second has a short central groove with more supplemental grooves
on the maxillary first premolar, which cusp is taller?
buccal cusp is longer than lingual
on the maxillary second premolar, which cusp is taller?
nearly the same heights
on the maxillary second premolar how are the two cusps positioned?
both cusps are slightly mesial
which tooth occludes with mandibular second premolar and first molar?
maxillary second premolar
what is the largest permanent tooth?
maxillary first molar
what is the only tooth that is broader lingually than bucally?
maxillary first molar
what is the only tooth with a pronounced distal concavity at the CEJ?
maxillary first molar
of the maxillary first molar, what is the occlusal shape and proximal shape?
occlusal is rhomboidal
proximal is trapezoidal
what is the largest and smallest cusps on the maxillary first molar?
largest is ML
smallest is DL
which cusps make up the primary cusp triangle on maxillary molars?
formed by ML, MB, DB
which set of teeth has the most prominent oblique ridge?
maxillary molars
what does the transverse groove connect on the maxillary molar?
transverse groove connects the central and distal pits
what are the three roots on a maxillary first molar?
MB DB (shortest) palatal (longest)
what teeth roots are most likely to perforate the maxillary sinus?
maxillary first molar
which root on the maxillary first molar has the deepest concavity?
MB 94% has a deeper concavity
what tooth occludes with the mandibular first and second molars?
maxillary first molar
how many primary teeth are there?
20 (10 per arch)
what letters are used to label primary teeth?
A thru T
are primary teeth darker or lighter than permanent teeth?
primary teeth are lighter
do primary teeth have more or less grooves and pits?
primary teeth have fewer grooves and pits (shallower and smoother)
are primary teeth more or less bulbous than permanent teeth?
primary crowns are more bulbous
is enamel thicker or thinner on permanent teeth?
primary teeth have less enamel (1mm)
are anterior primary crowns widder or narrower mesiodistally? longer or shorter incisocervically?
wider mesiodistally
shorter incisocervically
are posterior primary crowns wider or narrower mesiodistally? longer or shorter incisocervically?
narrower mesiodistally
shorter occlusocervically
what is the primate space? where is it located?
allows for proper alignment of the permanent incisors, occurs 50% of primary dentition
max: between lateral incisors and canines
mand: between canines and first molars
the two most common teeth to have cervical enamel projections?
first - mandibular second molar
second - maxillary second molar
the tooth closest to the opening of stensons duct?
maxillary second molar
of the maxillary second molar, what’s its occlusal shape and whats its proximal shape?
occlusal table is rhomboidal but can be heart shaped if the DL cusp is absent
proximal shape is trapezoidal
which tooth has a longer root trunk, max first molar or second molar?
second molar has a longer root trunk that the maxillary first
does the maxillary second molar typically have long or short root trunk and which direction to the roots turn?
roots are closer together than the maxillary first and typically turn distally
what tooth occludes with the mandibular second and third molars?
maxillary second molar
what are the arc lengths for primary teeth?
maxillary 68.2mm
mandibular 61.8mm
what tooth has the most variable shape?
third maxillary molar then third mandibular molar
what is the shortest permanent tooth?
maxillary third molar
what are the two most common teeth to have enamel pearls?
maxillary third then mandibular third
on the maxillary third molar which direction does the crown taper?
lingually
maxillary third only has 3 cusps, what are they?
MB, DB, lingual
what is the smallest cusp on the maxillary third molar and sometimes absent?
DB cusp
t/f roots of maxillary third molar are never fused
FALSE roots are often fused
what tooth occludes only with the mandibular third molar?
maxillary third molar
number of cusps and roots on a primary maxillary central incisor?
1 cusp
1 root
number of cusps and roots on a primary maxillary lateral incisor?
1 cusp
1 root
number of cusps and roots on a primary maxillary canine?
1 cusp
1 root
number of cusps and roots on a primary maxillary first molar?
4 cusps
3 roots
number of cusps and roots on a primary maxillary second molar?
4 or 5 cusps
3 roots
number of cusps and roots on a primary mandibular incisor?
1 cusp
1 root
number of cusps and roots on a primary mandibular lateral incisor?
1 cusp
1 root
number of cusps and roots on a primary mandibular canine?
1 cusp
1 root
number of cusps and roots on a primary mandibular first molar
4 cusps
2 roots
number of cusps and roots on a primary mandibular second molar?
5 cusps
2 roots
does a primary maxillary central incisor have mamelons?
no
what are the two cervical ridges that are prominent in a primary maxillary central incisor?
prominent facial and lingual cervical ridges
what primary tooth occludes with mandibular central and lateral incisors?
primary maxillary central incisor
the mesiodistal width of the primary molars is […]mm greater than the width of the permanent molars
the mesiodistal width of the primary molars is 2-5 mm greater than the width of the permanent molars
do primary maxillary incisors have mamelons?
no
what are the prominent cervical ridges on primary maxillary lateral incisor?
prominent facial and lingual cervical ridges
what primary tooth occludes with the mandibular lateral incisor and canine?
primary maxillary lateral incisor
what is the smallest permament tooth?
mandibular central incisor
what is the most symmetrical tooth?
mandibular central incisor
which dimension is greater on the mandibular central incisor, faciolingual or mesiodistal?
faciolingual; mesiodistal
on the mandibular central incisor which marginal ridge is longer?
both marginal ridges are the same length
on the mandibular central incisor is the incisal edge more buccal or lingual to the long axis?
the incisal edge is lingual (same as mandibular lateral)
on the mandibular central incisor which direction is the cingulum positioned?
centrally
what is the only anterior tooth to occlude with one tooth? which is it?
mandibular central only occludes with maxillary central
what is the facial shape of the primary maxillary canine?
facial shape is pentagonal
which primary canine has a longer and sharper cusp?
primary maxillary canine is longer and sharper
which cusp ridge is larger on the primary maxillary canine?
mesial cusp ridge is longer than the distal cusp ridge
what primary tooth occludes with the mandibular canine and first molar?
maxillary canine
what is the main difference between the mandibular central and lateral incisor?
lateral is not as symmetrical, the crown is tilted distally on the root
from the occlusal on the mandibular lateral incisor which dimension is larger? faciolingual or mesiodistal?
faciolingual; mesiodistal
which marginal ridge is longer on the mandibular lateral incisor?
mesial marginal ridge is longer than the distal
how is the cingulum positioned on the mandibular lateral?
positioned slightly distally
in which direction is the mandibular lateral incisor twisted?
distolingually
is the root concavity on the mesial of distal on the mandibular lateral?
root has mesial and distal concavity (hourglass shaped)
which tooth occludes with the maxillary central and lateral incisors?
mandibular lateral incisor
what tooth has the longest crown of any permanent tooth?
mandibular canine
what is the longest tooth in the mandible?
mandibular canine
what are the two teeth least likely to be extracted?
both canines
on the mandibular canine which dimension is larger? mesiodistal or faciolingual?
faciolingual; mesiodistal
on the mandibular canine? which surface is parallel with the long axis?
the mesial surface
mandibular canine, the cusp tisp is on which aspect of the crown?
the lingual aspect of the crown
mandibular canine, which cusp ridge is longer?
distal is longer than mesial
mandibular canine? in which direction is the cingulum positioned?
slightly distal
what shape is the mandibular canine root?
oval, flattened mesiodistally
where is the root depression on mandibular canine?
mesial depression (may be bifuricated)
what tooth occludes with the maxillary lateral incisor and canine?
mandibular canine
what is usually the smallest premolar?
mandibular first premolar
what is the occlusal shape of the mandibular first premolar?
square
what the is the proximal shape of the mandibular first premolar?
rhomboidal (tilted lingually)
what is the most promienet groove on the mandibular first premolar?
mesiolingual developmental groove
what is the only posterior tooth with an occlusal plane tilted lingually?
mandibular first premolar
what tooth has a promient transverse ridge w/o a central groove?
mandibular first premolar
which marginal ridge is shorter on the mandibular first premolar?
mesial marginal ridge is shorter and less prominent than the distal marginal ridge
how many cusps are on the mandibular first premolar?
two (buccal is 2/3 the occlusal table, lingual 1/3)
mandibular first premolar, is the root broader on the lingual or facial?
root is broader facially than lingually and may have proximal concavities
what tooth occludes with the maxillary canine and first premolar?
mandibular first premolar
between what two teeth is the gingival papilla between the first and second premolar the shortest?
mandibular second premolar
what is the occlusal shape of the mandibular second premolar?
square
what is the proximal shape of the mandibular second premolar?
rhomboidal
what is the only premolar with 5 lobes?
mandibular second premolar
three buccal
two lingual
what are the names of the three occlusal configurations of the mandibular second premolar? which is most common?
Y (most common)
H
U
what is the Y configuration on the mandibular second premolar?
three cusps buccal (non-functional)
ML and DL with a central pit
what is the H configuration on the mandibular second premolar?
two cusps - buccal and lingual with a short central groove
what is the U configuration on the mandibular second premolar?
two cusps - buccal and lingual with crescent-shaped central groove
mandibular second premolar, which cusp is shorter?
buccal cusp is shorter and blunter than lingual cusps
which cusp is larger on the distal mandibular second premolar?
ML cusp is larger than the DL cusp
which marginal ridge has a concavity on the mandibular second premolar?
mesial marginal ridge has slight concavity
which root is longer, mandibular first or second premolar?
second premolar root is longer
which root tip is closest to the mental foramen?
mandibular second premolar
which tooth occludes with maxillary first and second premolars?
mandibular second premolar
what is the largest mandibular tooth?
mandibular first molar
what is the occlusal shape of the mandibular first molar?
trapezoidal
what is the proximal shape of mandibular first molar?
rhomboidal
which tooth has the largest mesiodistal dimension of any tooth?
mandibular first molar
what is the largest and smallest cusp on the mandibular first molar?
MB (largest)
distal cusps are smallest
a mandibular first molar has how many tranverse ridges?
two
who root on mandibular first molar is broadest?
mesial root
both roots on the mandibular first molar have concavities, which is more prominent?
mesial
which tooth occludes with the maxillary second premolar and first molar?
mandibular first molar
