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NBDE > Dental anatomy > Flashcards

Dental anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

A stray crown is found in your office. It is an anterior tooth and has a cingulum
that is offset from center. What tooth is it most likely to be?
• maxillary canine
• maxillary lateral incisor
• mandibular lateral incisor
• mandibular central incisor

A

mandibular lateral incisor

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2
Q

Cingulum:

A

Max: OCC
Mand: COO

12 total

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3
Q

Which characteristic below is common to all mandibular anterior teeth?
• distinct cingula with grooves and pits
• incisal edges that are facial to the root axis line
• facial surfaces that are marked by pronounced labial ridges
• continuous convexity incisoapically on the facial surface

A

continuous convexity incisoapically on facial surface

mandibular anteriors:
indistinct cingula
incisal edges lingual to root axis
continuous incisoapical convexity on facial

mandibular central incisors: occlude only with one other tooth

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4
Q

Labial ridges

A

only on canines

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5
Q

Characteristics of mandibular anteriors:

A

indistinct cingula
incisal edges lingual to root axis (all mandibular teeth tilted lingually)
continuous incisoapical convexity on facial

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6
Q

CEJ curvature

A

mesial > distal
ant > molars

facial and lingual - apically; MD - coronally

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7
Q

Lateral vs central mandibular incisors:

  • difference in root length
  • difference in ratio of crown length to root length
  • degree of slope of the incisal edge when viewed facially
  • difference in rotation of the crown on the root
A

rotation of crown

mandibular lateral incisor crown tips slightly to distal = distolingual twist

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8
Q

Lateral vs central mandibular incisors:

A

laterals are larger, not as symmetrical, cingulum on lateral is off-center (slightly distal)

distal proximal contacts on laterals are more apical
distoincisal angles more rounded

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9
Q

Which tooth occludes only with one tooth?

A

mandibular central

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10
Q

The mesial and distal aspects oft he anterior teeth- central incisors, lateral incisors,
and canines, maxillary and mandibular - may be included within triangles.
The base of the triangle is represented by the cervical portion of the crown
and the apex by the incisal ridge.
• both statements are true
• both statements are fa lse
• the first statement is true, the second is fa lse
• the first statement is fa lse, the second is true
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DENTAL

A

both true

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11
Q

anterior proximal shapes

A

triangles

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12
Q

maxillary posterior proximal shapes

A

trapezoid

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13
Q

mandibular posterior proximal shapes

A

rhomboid

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14
Q

Which of the following statements best describes the pulp canal of the
mandibular lateral incisor?
• an elliptical shape, consistently wider in the mesiodistal direction
• an elliptical shape, consistently wider in the facio lingual direction
• an elliptical shape, wider in the mesiodistal direction in the pulp chamber, but wider
in the faciolingual direction in the mid-root area
• an elliptical shape, wider in the facio lingual direction in the pulp chamber, but wider
in the mesiodistal direction in the mid-root area
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DENTAL

A

an elliptical shape, wider in the mesiodistal direction in the pulp chamber,
but wider in the faciolingual direction in the mid-root area

compared to central, larger in all directions

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15
Q

Which of the following line angles is least “square”?
• mesioincisal of the mandibular lateral incisor
• distoincisal of the mandibular lateral incisor
• mesioincisal of the mandibular central incisor
• distoincisal of the mandibular central incisor
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DENTAL

A

• distoincisal of the mandibular lateral incisor

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16
Q 
Which tooth has a pulp chamber that is least like the others?
• maxillary central incisor
• mandibular central incisor
• maxillary lateral incisor
• mandibular lateral incisor
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DENTAL
A

maxillary central

pulp chamber wider MD than FL
widest at cervical, centered

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17
Q 
When looking at the facial or lingual aspect of all anterior teeth, they have a:
• trapezoidal outline
• triangular outline
• rhomboidal outline
• square outline
A

trapezoidal, shortest toward occlusal

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18
Q 
In maximum intercuspation, which anterior tooth is unique in that it contacts
with both anterior and posterior segments of the opposite arch?
• maxillary first premolar
• maxillary canine
• mandibular first premolar
• mandibular canine
copynght 0 20 13·2014 Dental Decks
DENTAL
A

maxillary canine

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19
Q

A hockey player comes into your office with his six upper anterior teeth in his
hand. How can you distinguish the right canine from the left canine?
• the root always curves to the distal in the apical one-third
• the distal surface is fuller and more convex than the mesial surface
•labially, the cusp tip is placed distal to a line which bisects the crown and root
•lingually, the cervical line slopes mesially
10
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D

A

• the distal surface is fuller and more convex than the mesial surface

mesial surface is straighter than distal surface
distal cusp ridge is longer
tip displaced labially and mesially to long axis

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20
Q

maxillary canine: compare cusp ridges and proximal surfaces

A

distal: surface more bulged, cusp ridge longer

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21
Q 
Which of the following terms is specific to canines?
•labial ridge
• lingua I fossa
• mamelons
• cingulum
A

labial ridge

developmental depressions mesial and distal to labial ridge

mandibular ridge less pronounced

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22
Q

maxillary canines

A

largest cingulum
distal bulge
thickest FL of all anterior teeth

LONGEST overall tooth (root + crown)

root has labial ridge = canine emience

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23
Q

longest tooth overall

A

maxillary canine

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24
Q

longest crown

A

mandibular canine

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25
Q

A mother brings her three kids to your office for their annual check-ups. Which
of the following statements is most likely to be true?
• the middle child is 11 and has no adult canine teeth
• the youngest child is 10 and has adult mandibular canines only
• the oldest child is 12 and has maxillary canines only
• the youngest child is 10 and has adult maxillary canines only
• the oldest child is 12 and has mandibular canines only
12
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DENTAL

A

• the youngest child is 10 and has adult mandibular canines only

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26
Q

Permanent maxillary and mandibular canines: eruption

A

maxillary after premolars (11-12)

mandibular before premolars (9-10)

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27
Q

Permanent maxillary eruptions:

A

M1 6-7
CI 7-8
LI 8-9

PM1 10-11
PM2 10-12
C 11-12

M2 12-13
M3 17-21

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28
Q

Permanent mandibular eruptionsL

A

M1 6-7
CI 6-7
LI 7-8

C 9-10
PM1 10-12
PM2 11-12

M2 11-13

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29
Q

A hockey player comes into your office holding his friend’s right canines (maxillary
and mandibular) in his hand. His friend, a lacrosse player, got hit by a
ball flying under his mask. Which of the following would you look for in the
maxillary canine as compared to the mandibular canine?
Select all that apply.
• it is narrower mesiodistally
• it has a more pronounced cingulum
• it is wider mesiodistally
• it has a shorter root
13
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DENTAL

A
  • it has a more pronounced cingulum

* it is wider mesiodistally

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30
Q

mandibular vs maxillary canine

A

maxillary canine longest tooth overall

eruptions: maxillary (11-12) is after PM1 (which is 10-11)
mandibular (9-10) is before PM1 (10-12)

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31
Q

max vs mand canines

shape: proximal, MD dimension, length
cingulum, crown and overall size
contact areas

A

mesial border on mandibular is much straighter (almost parallel to axis of tooth)

IJ JM JM on maxillary
II II IM on mandibular

mandibular is narrower MD and continuous convex incisofacially (like all lower anteriors)

maxillary is longer, but mandibular has longer crown
on mandibular cingulum is off-center and labial ridge is less distinct

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32
Q

anterior teeth cusp tips relative to long axis

A

maxillary: cusp tip facial to axis
mandibular: cusp tip lingual to axis

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33
Q 
Which cusp ridge is the longest on the permanent canines?
· labial
• lingual
• mesial
• distal
A

distal

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34
Q

What is usual MD vs FL and what are exceptions?

A

usually FL > MD except maxillary incisors and mandibular molars

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35
Q

Nonsuccedaneous teeth include all of the following EXCEPT one? Which one
is the EXCEPTION?
• the permanent maxillary and mandibular premolars
• the permanent maxillary and mandibular first molars
• the permanent maxillary and mandibular second molars
• the permanent maxillary and mandibular third molars
15
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DENTAL

A

• the permanent maxillary and mandibular premolars

nonsuccednaeous are all permanent molars

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36
Q

A mother brings her 1-year-old into your office the day after his first birthday.
She says the pediatrician said to have the first dental check-up by this time.
What primary teeth are you expecting to see when the child opens?
• mandibular incisors only
• maxillary incisors only
• mandibular and maxillary incisors
• all incisors and maxillary canines
• all incisors and mandibular canines
• all anterior teeth

A

• mandibular and maxillary incisors

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37
Q

When is calcification of milk roots complete?

A

3-4

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38
Q

Primary dentition till

A

6 yrs

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39
Q

Mixed dentition

A

6-12 yrs

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40
Q

Full permanent dentition

A

12 yrs

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41
Q

how much of root is formed when tooth begins to erupt?

A

2/3

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42
Q

General primary eruption sequence

A

CI LI M1 C M2

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43
Q

What are teeth in primary dentition?

A

incisors, canines, molars

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44
Q

Rule of primary eruption:

A 
7 months - 4 
max + mand centrals
11 mos - 8
laterals
15 mos - 12
1sr molars
19 mos - 16 
canines
23 mos - 20
2 molars

root complete 1 yr after eruption

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45
Q

Tommy, a pediatric patient of yours, says he lost his top vampire tooth last
week and the tooth fairy gave him a dollar for it. What is Tommy’s most
likely age range when he lost his maxillary canine tooth?
• 6-7 years old
• 7-8 years old
• 10-12 years old
• 14-16 years old
17
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DENTAL

A

10-12

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46
Q

Which of the following are the cardinal rules regarding the eruption of
teeth?
Select all that apply.
• boys’ teeth usually erupt before girls’ teeth of the same age
• girls’ teeth usually erupt before boys’ teeth of the same age
• maxillary teeth usually erupt before mandibular teeth
• mandibular teeth usually erupt before maxillary teeth
• the teeth of slender children usually erupt before the teeth of stocky children
• the teeth of stocky children usually erupt before the teeth of slender children

A

girls
mandibular
slender

often permanent mandibular anterior teeth erupt lingual to primary –> two rows of teeth

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47
Q 
As soon as a child gets his/her \_\_\_\_\_ he/she is considered to be in the
mixed dentition.
• permanent canines
• permanent first molars
• permanent first premolars
• permanent second premolars
21
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A

• permanent first molars

usually mandibular

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48
Q 
A 15-month-old child walks into your office and begins to cry and hold his
mouth in pain. Which teeth have probably not been traumatized, as they are
not usually present at 15 months of age?
• primary lateral incisors and canines
• primary canines and first molars
• primary canines and second molars
• primary central and lateral incisors
• primary first and second molars
A

• primary canines and second molars

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49
Q

A pediatric patient of yours complains of severe pain on chewing. On clinical
exam, you see an eruption cyst in the place of the mandibular second molar.
What is the most likely age of this patient?
·8
·10
·12
·14

A

12

erupt 11-13

(maxillary 12-13)

apex fully developed 2-3 yrs after eruption

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50
Q 
At 9 years of age how many primary teeth are present in the mouth?
·0
·8
4
·12
·18
A

12

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51
Q 
A 1-year-old child is expected to have erupted which of the following primary
maxillary and mandibular teeth?
Select all that apply.
• central incisors
•lateral incisors
•canines
• first molars
• second molars
A

CI + LI

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52
Q 
A patient with erupted teeth #8, 7, C, B, A, 3 and unerupted 2 and 1 is most
likely what age?
·5
6
· 8
· 10
· 12
A

8?

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53
Q

A patient comes in with a chief complaint of, “My wife says I wake her up at
night with scraping noises from my mouth:’ On clinical exam you will expect
to find which of the following characteristics of his occlusal contacts?
• point-to-point
• point-to-area
• edge-to-edge
• edge-to-area
• area-to-area

A

• area-to-area

not normal, but in bruxism

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54
Q

All posterior teeth have proximal contacts in the:
• middle third
• junction of the occlusal and middle third
• occlusal third
• cervical third

A

middle third

for any tooth, mesial contact is more incisal/occlusal than distal EXCEPT mand PM1 which can have it vv

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55
Q

The location of the height of contour on the facial and lingual surfaces of the
crowns of teeth can best be seen from the mesial and distal views and is usually
located in either the cervical third or the middle third (never the occlusal
or incisal third).
The location of the height of contour on the facial surface of all crowns is
located in or near the cervical third.
• both statements are true
• both statements are fa lse
• the first statement is true, the second is fa lse
• the first statement is fa lse, the second is t rue

A

both true

proximal heights are at contacts

anterior facial & lingual - cervical
posterior facial cervical, lingual middle

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56
Q

Which three mandibular teeth are so aligned that, when viewed from the
occlusal, a straight line may be drawn that will bisect all contact areas?
• central incisor, lateral incisor, and canine
• canine, first premolar, and second premolar
• second premolar, first molar, and second molar
• lateral incisor, canine, and first premolar
30
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DENTAL

A

• second premolar, first molar, and second molar

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57
Q

Cervical line (or CEJ) contours are closely related to the attachment of the
gingiva at the neck of the tooth. When doing a crown prep, your margin will
slope with the contours of the cervical lines and gingival attachments. On
which surfaces will your greatest contour be found?
• distal surfaces of anterior teeth
• distal surfaces of posterior teeth
• mesial surfaces of anterior teeth
• mesial surfaces of posterior teeth
31
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DENTAL

A

mesial of anterior

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58
Q 
You are fabricating an interim bridge from 19 to 21. The contact areas on
the pontic when viewed from the occlusal view, should be \_\_ of the tooth
midline buccolingually.
• directly in line
• slightly to the lingual
• slightly to the facial
32
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D
A

• slightly to the facial

directly in midline only that straight ling on mandibular - starting at PM2

otherwise all are a little facial

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59
Q

The mesial contact area of a permanent maxillary lateral incisor is usually
located:
• in the incisal third
• in the middle third
• at the junction of the incisal and middle thirds
33
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A

J

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60
Q

From a facial view, mesial and distal contact areas of mandibular central
incisors are located:
• in the middle third
• at the junction of incisal and middle thirds
• at the junction of cervical and middle thirds
• cervical to the junction of incisal and middle thirds
• incisal to the junction of incisal and middle thirds
34
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DE

A

• incisal to the junction of incisal and middle thirds

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61
Q 
The contact area on the mesial surface of a mandibular canine is located at
the:
• middle third
• incisal third
• cervical third
• junction of the middle and cervical thirds
35
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DENTAL
A

• incisal third

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62
Q

The lingual height of contour on a permanent mandibular second molar is
located:
• in the middle third
• in the cervical third
• in the occlusal third
• at the junction of the cervical and middle thirds
• at the junction of the middle and occlusal thirds

A

middle third
only lingual posteriors
all others (lingual and facial anterior and facial posterior) - are cervical

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63
Q 
Which of the following teeth has its mesial contact located within the incisal
or the occlusal one third?
• maxillary canine
• maxillary first molar
• mandibular second premolar
• mandibular central incisor
37
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A

• mandibular central incisor

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64
Q

The height of contour occlusocervically is located within the middle third of
the:
• facial surface of a permanent mandibular fi rst molar
•lingual surface of a permanent maxillary first molar
• distal surface of a permanent central incisor
• mesial surface of a permanent canine
38
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A

•lingual surface of a permanent maxillary first molar

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65
Q

A supernumerary tooth between the

maxillary central incisors

A

mesiodens

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66
Q

Excessive formation of cementum around

the root of a tooth after the tooth has erupted

A

Hypercementosis

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67
Q

Disorder characterized by the fusion of the

tooth to the bone

A

Ankylosis

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68
Q

Disorder characterized by the fusion or
growing together of two adjacent teeth at
the root through the cementum only

A

Concrescence

occurs at apposition stage

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69
Q

The length of the mandibular arch is longer than the maxillary arch.
The difference is only about 2 mm.
• both statements are true
• both statements are fa lse
• the first statement is true, the second is fa lse
• the first statement is fa lse, the second is true
40
copyright Cl 20 13-2014 Dental Decks

A

first false, second true

maxillary is slightly longer

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70
Q 
Which of the following is the loss of tooth structure from non-mechanical
means?
• attrition
• abrasion
• ankylosis
• erosion
A

erosion

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71
Q 
TERATOGEN
1. Aspirin, valium, dilantin, and
cigarette smoke (hypoxia)
2. Cytomegalovirus, toxoplasma
3. Ethyl alcohol
4. Rubella virus
5. X-radiation
6. Vitamin D excess
EFFECT
A. Microcephaly
B. Central mid-face discrepancy
C. Premature suture closure
D. Cleft lip and palate
E. Microcephaly, hydrocephaly,
microphthalmia
F. Microphthalmia, cataracts,
deafness
A 
1 - D
2 - E
3 - B
4 - F
5 - A
6 -C

1st trimestser greatest sensitivity

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72
Q 
Aspirin, valium, dilantin, and
cigarette smoke (hypoxia) as teratogen
A

cleft lip and palate

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73
Q

Ethanol as teratogen

A

midface discrepancy

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74
Q

CMV and toxo as teratogen

A

microcephaly, hydrocephaly, microphthalmia

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75
Q

Rubella virus as teratogen

A

Microphthalmia, cataracts, deafness

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76
Q

Vit D excess as teratogen

A

premature suture closures

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77
Q

X-radiation as teratogen

A

microcephaly

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78
Q

As you know, there are several kinds of teeth in the human mouth. They all
serve different functions. You are in an argument with your friend, a law
student, and you test his vocabulary. You call him a , which simply
means he has teeth with different morphologies and functions.
• polyphyodont
• monophyodont
• heterodont
• diphyodont

A

heterodont

diphyodont - two sets of teeth

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79
Q 
Which of the following refers to the congenital absence of many, but not all,
teeth?
• hypodontia
• anodontia
• oligodontia
• hypsodontia
A

oligodontia

hypodontia - absence of only a few teeth

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80
Q 
A child has maxillary incisor protrusion, an anterior open bite, crowded lower
anteriors, and a high palatal vault. Which of the following most likely caused
this problem?
• mouth breathing
• thumb sucking
• tongue thrusting
• using a pacifier
• nocturnal bruxism
A

• thumb sucking (or any other sucking habit)

usually anterior is asymmetrical but posterior is normal

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81
Q 
A patient of yours has enamel hypocalcification. You would expect \_\_
quantity of enamel and would describe it as \_\_ .
• less than normal; hard
• less than normal; soft
• normal; soft
• normal; hard
• more than normal; hard
• more than normal; soft
A

normal, soft

compare to hypoplasia: quantitative problem

fluorosis –> mottled discoloration and pitting

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82
Q 
Which ofthe following teeth have the most variability in form?
• mandibular fi rst premolars
• maxillary first molars
• mandibular second molars
• maxillary lateral incisors
• maxillary second premolars
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DENTAL
A

• maxillary lateral incisors

can be peg-shaped

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83
Q 
A mental foramen would be found on X-ray closest to the root of which tooth?
·19
·14
• 29
• 22
4

copyright Cl 20 13-2014 Dental Decks

A

29

PM1!

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84
Q 
Extreme curvature or angulation of tooth roots describes which of the fol lowing
conditions?
• fusion
• gemination
• concrescence
• dilaceration
• dens invaginatus
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A

• dilacerations

gemination: two crowns w one root canal
fusion: two germs joined

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85
Q

Pure rotation of the mandible involves which two planes of movement?
• frontal
• horizontal
• sagittal

A
  • frontal (up and down)

* sagittal (forward and backward)

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86
Q

Border movements are the limits to which the mandible can move, whereas
functional movements generally occur within the border movements.
The maximum opening movement is 50 to 60 mm, depending on the age and
size of the individual.
• both statements are true
• both statements are fa lse
• the first statement is true, the second is fa lse
• the first statement is fa lse, the second is true

A

both true

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87
Q

In the natural dentition, centric occlusion is, in a majority of people, __ to
centric relation contact and on the average approximately __ mm.
• posterior; 2
• anterior; 1
• medial; 2
•lateral; 1

A

• anterior; 1

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88
Q 
During sleep, the mandible is in its physiologic rest or postural position. The
contact of teeth is:
• maximum
• not present
• premature
• slight
A

•not present

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89
Q 
Which jaw position is a ligament-guided position?
• centric occlusion (CO)
• centric relation (CR)
• rest position of the mandible
• none of the above
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A

• centric relation (CR)

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90
Q

centric occlusion is guided by

A

teeth

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91
Q

rest position of mandible is guided by

A

muscles

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92
Q

centric relation (terminal hinge) is guided by

A

ligaments

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93
Q

terminal hinge =

A

centric relation

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94
Q

A dental patient is complaining of unilateral jaw pain when chewing. You
notice that she only chews on her right side. When a mandibular movement
to the right is performed, which condyle moves forward, downward, and
medially?
• working condyle (right)
• non-working condyle (left)
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A

• non-working condyle (left)

working side - towards which mandible moves

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95
Q

A 7-year-old male patient with a history of thumb-sucking comes into the
orthodontist’s office presenting with an anterior open bite. Doing swallowing
tests, the orthodontist discovers that the patient needs to involve his
tongue to close the freeway space between his teeth. During typical empty
mouth swallowing, the mandible is braced in which jaw position to allow
for proper stabilization?
• centric relation (CR)
• intercuspal position (IC)
• retruded contact position (RCP)
• protruded contact position (PCP)

A

intercuspal position (aka centric occlusion)

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96
Q

During a right working side movement, the right side molar teeth may
contact along the buccal inclines of the maxillary buccal cusps and the
lingual inclines of the mandibular buccal cusps.
Mandibular protrusion will result in the mesiolingual cusp of the maxillary
first molar passing through the central groove toward the distal marginal
ridge ofthe mandibular molar.
• both statements are true
• both statements are fa lse
• the first statement is true, the second is fa lse
• the first statement is fa lse, the second is true

A

1 false, 2 true

basic contact relationship of maxillary 1st molar:

lingually: ML cusp into C fossa of mandibular M1
DL cusp into distal ridge of M1

buccally: MB into mesiofacial groove; DB into distofacial groove

==> in protrusion: ML cusp of maxillary slides along central groove distally and meets distal ridge

in working side movement, contact along lingual inclines of buccal maxillary and buccal of buccal mandibular

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97
Q

Retrusive movement requires the condyles to move backward and upward.
In protrusive movement, the condyles of the mandible have moved in a
downward and forward direction.
• both statements are true
• both statements are fa lse
• the first statement is true, the second is fa lse
• the first statement is fa lse, the second is true
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A

both true

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98
Q

Anterior guidance is a result of:
• horizontal and vertical overlap
• vertical and posterior cusp height
• horizontal overlap and posterior cusp height
• intercondylar distance and free way space
• intercondylar distance and postural vertical dimension
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A

• horizontal and vertical overlap

provided by anterior teeth when mandible goes into lateral or protrusive mvmt

determined by vertical overbite and horizontal overjet

provides disclusion of posterior teeth when mandible protrudes or moves to side

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99
Q

what provides disclusion of posterior teeth when mandible protrudes

A

anterior guidance: overjet and overbite

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100
Q

In a patient with a left canine protection, the mesiolingual surface of the
maxillary right first molar contacts the distofacial surface of the mandibular
right first molar during a left lateral excursion. This contact is:
• normal
• evidence of group function
• a working side interference
• a non-working side interference
• normal, and a non-working side interference
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A

a non-working side interference

canine protection - left side contact of canine during left working movement
all other left teeth are out of contact at this point
before protection reached, may be some contacts on left side = group function

in all cases of left working movement, right nonworking side teeth SHOULD NOT be in contact –> not normal, interferences

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101
Q

An endodontist is performing root canal therapy on a permanent maxillary
first molar. Since he is a very thorough endodontist, he knows he should
look for a fourth canal. Which root of a maxillary first molar commonly has
two root canals?
• the palata I root
• the distobuccal root
• the mesiobuccal root
• none of the above

A

mesiobuccal root

maxillary first usually three roots and four canals

palatal usually largest
mesiobuccal usually very wide

in all molar, root canals join the pulp chamber apical to CEJ

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102
Q 
In which teeth will we most likely see a bifurcation in the apical third of the
root?
• mandibular molars
• maxillary first molars
• maxillary second molars
• maxillary first premolars
• maxillary second premolars
• mandibular premolars
A

• maxillary first premolars

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103
Q

bifurcating or two roots

A 
mandibular molars (M and D, split in cervical or middle third) 
and maxillary 1pm (palatal and buccal, split in apical third)
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104
Q

During a surgical extraction of the maxillary first molar, a rough oral surgeon
accidentally perforates the maxillary sinus. If he perforated the sinus with
one of the roots of the first molar, which root is the most likely candidate,
given that it is the largest, longest, and strongest ofthe three roots?
• mesiobuccal
• distobuccal
• palatal

A

palatal

distobuccal is smallest!
palatal root is wider FL than MD

on maxillary M2s, less divergent

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105
Q

From a developmental viewpoint, all mandibular molars have __ major
cusps, whereas maxillary molars have only __ major cusps .
• 6; 5
• 5; 4
• 4; 3
-3;2

A

4, 3

maxillary molars have oblique ridge from ML to DB

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106
Q

Max vs mand molars: lingual cusps

A

almost equal size on mandibular; one big and one small on maxillary

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107
Q

oblique ridge

A

on maxillary molars, b/w ML and DB cusps

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108
Q 
A fissured groove is most frequently found on the:
• facial surface of maxillary molars
• lingual surface of maxillary molars
• facial surface of mandibular molars
• lingual surface of mandibular molars
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A

• lingual surface of maxillary molars

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109
Q

Stensen duct

A

2 max molar

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110
Q

Mandibular first molar pulp

A

usually two canals in mesial root (small and circular),

one kidney-shaped in distal

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111
Q

A dental student is performing root canal therapy on an extracted maxillary
molar in her preclinical endodontics course. Her pre-operative radiograph
shows four canals (two canals in the MB root). She should expect the shape
of the floor of the pulp chamber in this maxillary molar to be roughly:
• square
• rhomboidal
• triangular
• circular

A

triangular floor
rhomboidal on cervical cross-section

MB acute, DB obtuse

112
Q 
From a mesial or distal aspect, all mandibular posterior teeth have a:
• triangular outline
• rhomboidal outline
•trapezoidal outline
• square outline
• rectangular outline
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A

rhomboidal

maxillay posteriors are trapezoid

113
Q 
The distolingual cusp on the permanent maxillary molars is also called a:
• cusp of Carabelli
• talon cusp
• dens evaginatus
• trigone
A

talon cusp

primary cusps make trigon (triangle, w/oblique ridge)

carabelli is on ML cusp

114
Q

where is carabelli?

A

ML cusp of maxillary molars

115
Q

A dentist is completing a disto-occlusal restoration on a permanent maxillary
first molar. He is carving the distal marginal ridge. He makes sure to give it
width for support and must round it to create an embrasure. In order to get
the correct height occlusocervically, he should match the distal marginal ridge
of the maxillary first molar to the:
• mesial marginal ridge of the maxillary second premolar
• mesial marginal ridge of the mandibular first molar
• mesial marginal ridge of the maxillary second molar
• distal marginal ridge of t he maxillary second premolar

A

• mesial marg inal ridge of the maxillary second molar

116
Q 
How many roots are visible from the buccal aspect of a maxillary first molar?
• one root
• two roots
• three roots
• four roots
A

three

117
Q

Fibers from the ventral ramus of Cl travel with the hypoglossal nerve (CN XII)
to the geniohyoid and thyrohyoid.
Fibers from the ventral rami of C1 -C3 combine to form the ansa cervicalis,
which gives off branches to the omohyoid, sternohyoid, and sternothyroid.
• both statements are true
• both statements are fa lse
• the first statement is true, the second is fa lse
• the first statement is fa lse, the second is true
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DENTAL

A

both true

118
Q 
Which of the following suprahyoid muscles are innervated by the facial
nerve?
Select all that apply.
• mylohyoid muscle
• anterior belly of digastric muscle
• posterior belly of digastric muscle
• stylohyoid muscle
• geniohyoid muscle
A

posterior digastric

stylohyoid

119
Q 
There are two sets of lingual muscles: extrinsic and intrinsic. The extrinsic
muscles:
• alter the shape of the tongue
• move the tongue as a whole
• all originate from the mandible
• are all innervated by the hypoglossal nerve
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A

• move the tongue as a whole

120
Q 
Which muscle presses the cheek against molar teeth, working with the
tongue to keep food between the occlusal surfaces and out of the oral
vestibule?
• zygomaticus major
• depressor labii inferi oris
• buccinator
•levator anguli oris
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A

• buccinator

121
Q 
A new patient comes in with a history of malignant cancer. When the patient
opens, the mandible deviates to the left. You suspect a tumor blocking
nervous innervation to which muscle?
• right medial pterygoid
•left medial pterygoid
• right lateral pterygoid
• left lateral pterygoid
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A

• left lateral pterygoid

122
Q

After seating a new crown on tooth #19 you need to check excursive movements.
You ask the patient to slide her jaw to the right to make sure there are
contacts on #19 during this movement. What muscle does the patient use to
move her jaw like this?
• right medial pterygoid
•left medial pterygoid
• right lateral pterygoid
• left lateral pterygoid

A

• left lateral pterygoid

123
Q

Retrusion (retruding the jaw) results from:
• the bil ateral contraction of the anterior (vertical) fibers of the temporalis muscle
• the bilateral contraction of the posterior (horizontal) fibers of the temporalis muscle
• the unilateral contraction of the anterior (vertica l) fibers of the temporal is muscle
• the unil ateral contraction of the posterior (horizontal) fibers of the temporalis
muscle

A

• the bilateral contraction of the posterior (horizontal) fibers of the temporalis muscle

124
Q

A 22-year-old female dental student comes into your dental practice for a
regular check-up. She states that she has never had any problems with her
teeth, and upon examination you notice that only one pair of teeth seem to
have contact during lateral movements ofthe mandible. Which teeth should
ideally provide the predominant guidance through the full range of
movement in lateral mandibular excursions?
• premolars
• first molars
• incisors
• canines

A

• canines

125
Q

In an ideal intercuspal position, the mesiobuccal cusp of the permanent
maxillary first molar opposes the:
• the distobuccal groove of the mandibular first molar
• the buccal groove of the mandibular second molar
• the mesiobuccal groove of the mandibular first molar
• the developmental groove between the distobuccal and the distal cusps of the
mandibular first molar
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A

• the mesiobuccal groove of the mandibular first molar

126
Q

Class I occlusion:

A

mandibular first molar is slightly anterior to maxillary first molar

MB cusp of maxillary first in buccofacial groove of mand first

max canine in embrasure between mandib canine and 1st premolar

127
Q

Class II Div I occlusion

occurrence of II?

A

maxillary arch is mesial to mandibular

MB cusp at embrasure between PM2 and M1
+ max canine is anterior to mandib canine

excessive overjet

II occurrence is 25%

128
Q

Class II Div II occlusion

how different from Div I?

A

maxillary arch is mesial to mandibular
MB cusp of maxillary M1 is in embrasure between PM2 and M1
+ max canine is anterior to mand canine

maxillary anteriors are retroclined –> deeper overbite but smaller overjet

129
Q

Class III occlusion

occurrence?

A

mandible is mesial to maxilla

prognathism

MB max cusp is in distofacial groove of mandib M1
max canine is behind or on mandib PM1

LEAST COMMON
5%

130
Q

An archaeologist consults a dentist about some findings he had on a dig. The
teeth the archeologist finds have four cusps - two of them taller and pointed,
two of them shorter, rounded, and dull. The dentist tells the archaeologist
that these teeth are similar to our human molars. The broader, more rounded
cusps are:
• non-supporting and working
• supporting and balancing
• supporting and working
• non-supporting and balancing

A

• supporting and working

131
Q 
Which permanent teeth occlude with only one tooth in the opposite jaw,
assuming ideal relations exist?
• maxillary canines
• maxillary central incisors
• mandibular central incisors
• mandibular third molars
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A

• mandibular central incisors

also upper third molars

132
Q

In an ideal intercuspal position, the facial cusp tip of a maxillary first
premolar opposes the:
• facial embrasure between the mandibular first and second premolars
• facial embrasure between the mandibular second premolar and the mandibular
first molar
• opposing central fossa
• opposing mesial marginal ridge
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A

• facial embrasure between the mandibular first and second premolars

133
Q

In the intercuspal position, where does the mesiolingual cusp of a permanent
maxillary first molar occlude?
• the distal triangular fossa of f irst premolar
• the distal triangular fossa of second premolar
• the central fossa of the mandibular fi rst molar
• the distal marginal ridge of mandibular first molar
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A

• the central fossa of the mandibular fi rst molar

134
Q

In the intercuspal position, where does the distal cusp of a permanent
mandibular first molar occlude?
• the distal triangular fossa of the maxillary second premolar
• the distal fossa of the maxillary fi rst molar
• the central fossa of the maxillary second molar
• the mesial marginal ridge of the maxillary first molar and distal marginal ridge of the
maxillary second premolar
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A

• the distal fossa of the maxillary fi rst molar

135
Q

In an ideal intercuspal position, the mesiolingual cusp of a permanent
mandibular molar opposes:
• the opposing central fossae
•the lingual embrasure between their class counterpart and the tooth distal to it
• the opposing distal marginal ridge
• the lingual embrasure between their class counterpart and the tooth mesial to it
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A

• the lingual embrasure between their class counterpart and the tooth mesial to it

136
Q 
Which of the following positions would yield the smallest measurement of
vertical dimension?
• reverse overlap
• edge-to-edge
• retruded contact
• maximum intercuspation
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A

• maximum intercuspation

137
Q

A patient presents to the dentist for examination and bites into centric
occlusion. The permanent maxillary canine is found to be mesial to the
mandibular canine. This type of occlusion is classified as:
• cl ass I
• cl ass II
• cl ass Ill
• cl ass IV

A

II

138
Q

There are four theoretical determinants needed to restore a complete and
functional occlusal surface. They include all of the following EXCEPT one.
Which one is the EXCEPTION?
• the amount of vertical overlap of the anterior teeth
• the contour of the articu lar eminence
• the relative strength of the muscles of mastication
• the amount and direction of lateral shift in the working side condyle
• the position of the tooth in the arch
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A

• the relative strength of the muscles of mastication

139
Q

The basic principles for occlusal adjustment include all of the following
EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION?
• the maximum distribution of occlusal stresses in centric relation
• the forces of occlusion should be borne as much as possible by the long axis of the
teeth
• when there is surface-to-surface contact of flat cusps, it should be changed to a
point-to-surface contact
• once centric occlusion is established, never take the teeth out of centric occlusion
• when a slide from CR to ICP is natural, it should never be modified

A

• when a slide from CR to ICP is natural, it should never be modified

The basic principles for occlu sal adjustment include:
• The maximum distribution of occlusal stresses in centric relation
• The forces of occlusion should be borne as much as possible by the long axis of the teeth
• When there is surface-to-surface contact of flat cusps, it should be changed to a point-to surface
contact
• Once centric occlusion is established, never take the teeth out of centric occlusion

140
Q 
The determinant factors of occlusion include all of the following EXCEPT
one. Which one is the EXCEPTION?
• the temporomandibular joint
• the masticatory muscles
• the tongue and buccal mucosa position
• the biomechanics of the temporomandibular joint
• the dentition and the occlusal table
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A

• the tongue and buccal mucosa position

141
Q

Determinants of occlusion, ant/post and variability

A

TMJs and ligaments = posterior determinants, fixed

teeth - anterior, variable

neuromuscular - determined by teeth

142
Q

Five requirements for occlusal stability:

A
  1. Stable stops on all teeth when the condyles are in centric occlusion.
  2. Anterior guidance in harmony with the border movement of the envelope of function.
  3. Disclusion of all posterior teeth in protrusive movements.
  4. Disclu sion of all posterior teeth on the nonworking (ba lancing) side.
  5. Noninterference of all posterior teeth on the working side, with either the lateral anterior guidance,
    or the border movements of the condyle. The working-side posterior teeth may contact in
    lateral group function if they are in precise harmony with anterior guidance and condylar guidance,
    or they may be discluded from working-side contacts by the lateral anterior guidance.
143
Q

The centric relation (CR) is the most unstrained, retruded anatomic and
functional position of the heads of the condyles or the mandible in the
__ of the temporomandibular joints. This is a relationship of the __ of
the upper and lower jaws __ tooth contact. The presence or absence of
teeth, or the type of occlusion or malocclusion, __ factors.
• mandibular fossae/ bones/independent of/are not
• mandibular fo ramen/teeth/dependent on/are
• mandibular fossae/bones/dependent on/are
• mandibular fossae/teeth/dependent on/are
• mandibular fo ramen/bones/independent of/are not
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A

mandibular fossae/ bones/ independent / are not

compare to centric OCCLUSION - which depends on teeth and not condyles

144
Q

Anterior guidance (anterior coupling) is the guidance provided by the anterior
teeth when the mandible goes into a lateral or protrusive movement.
If anterior guidance can be accomplished, the least amount of force will be
placed on the posterior teeth during lateral and protrusive movements.
• both statements are t rue
• both statements are false
• the first statement is true, the second is false
• the first statement is fa lse, the second is true
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A

both true

145
Q

A patient’s mother comes in to complain that her child’s upper front teeth rest
in front of his lower lip. You explain to her that this is called __ _
• overjet
• overbite
• underjet
• open bite

A

overjet

146
Q

Generally, the deeper the curve of Spee, the more difficult it is to make and
adjust interocclusal appliances that are used in the treatment of bruxism.
Increasing the curve of Spee can reduce the vertical overlap of the teeth.
• both statements are t rue
• both statements are false
• the first statement is true, the second is false
• the first statement is fa lse, the second is true
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A

first is true, second is false

reducing spee can reduce overlap

Two curves:

curve of spee:
anteroposterior curvature of occlusal surfaces; begins at tip of lower canine to anterior border of ramus; ideally extends through condyles.

curve of Wilson: mediolateral curve that contacts buccal and ligual cusps on each side. results from inward incline of lower posteriors

spee+wilson = monson

147
Q

Curve of Spee:

A

anteroposterior

148
Q

Curve of Wilson

A

mediolateral

149
Q

Monson curve

A

Spee + Wilson

150
Q 
The mandible functions as a:
• class I lever
• class II lever
• class Ill lever
A

class III

151
Q 
Which of the following types of oral mucosa are keratinized under normal
conditions?
Select all that apply.
• vermillion border of the lips
• hard palate
• gingiva
• buccal mucosa
• dorsa l surface of the tongue
A

vermillion border
hard palate
some gingiva
dorsal toongue

152
Q

The principal fibers of the periodontal ligament are arranged in four groups.
The molecular configuration of collagen fibers in the periodontal ligament
provides them with a tensile strength greater than that of steel.
• both statements are true
• both statements are fa lse
• the fi rst statement is true, the second is false
• the first statement is fa lse, the second is true
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A

first false, second true

five groups of fibers! (don’t forget interradicular)

gingival also 5 groups

153
Q 
The gingival fibers are arranged in five groups. Which of the following is
NOT one of those groups?
• circular group
• dentogingival group
• apical group
• transseptal group
• dentoperiosteal group
• alveologingival group
A

• apical group

154
Q

The junctional epithelium consists of a collar-like band of stratified squamous
keratinized epithelium.
The reduced enamel epithelium is not essential for its formation.
• both statements are true
• both statements are fa lse
• the first statement is true, the second is fa lse
• the first statement is fa lse, the second is true
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A

1 false 2 true

jct epithelium: collar of stratified squamous nonkeratinized

REE non-essential, can form without and later and everything

155
Q

Bone consists of:
• two-thirds organic matter and one-third inorganic matrix
• one-third organic matter and two-thirds inorganic matrix
• one-half organic matter and one-half inorganic matrix
• two-thirds inorganic matter and one-third organic matrix
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A

• two-thirds inorganic matter and one-third organic matrix

156
Q

Although the average width of the periodontal ligament space is documented
to be about , considerable variation exists.
•0.002mm
•0.2mm
•2.0mm
•20mm

A

•0.2mm

has free endings (noci)
Ruffini (apical)
Meissner (mechano, midroot)
vibration spindles

157
Q 
\_\_\_ are the most common cells in the periodontal ligament and appear
as ovoid or elongated cells oriented along the principal fibers, exhibiting
pseudopodia-like processes.
• cementoblasts
• osteoblasts
• fibroblasts
• macro phages
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A

f/bl

158
Q

Of the choices listed below, which one describes the boundaries that define
the attached gingiva?
• from the gingiva l margin to the interdental groove
• from the free gingiva l groove to the gingiva l margin
• from the mucogingival junction to the free gingiva l groove
• from the epitheli al attachment to the cementoenamel junction
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A

• from the mucogingival junction to the free gingiva l groove

159
Q 
The attachment apparatus is composed of all of the following EXCEPT one.
Which one is the EXCEPTION?
• periodontal ligament
• cementum
• alveolar process of the maxillae and mandible
• gingiva
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A

• gingiva

160
Q

The principal fibers of the periodontal ligament are composed mainly of collagen
type I.
The amount of collagen in a tissue can be determined by its glycine content.
• both statements are true
• both statements are fa lse
• the first statement is true, the second is fa lse
• the first statement is fa lse, the second is true
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A

1 true 2 false

amt of collagen - hydroxyproline content

PDL also has oxytalan and elaunin but no elastic

161
Q

Because of the high turnover rate, the connective tissue of the gingiva has a
remarkably good healing and regenerative capacity.
The reparative capacity of the gingival connective tissues is better than that
of the periodontal ligament and the epithelial tissue.
• both statements are true
• both statements are fa lse
• the first statement is true, the second is fa lse
• the first statement is fa lse, the second is true
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A

1 true 2 wrong

162
Q

The narrowest band of attached gingiva is found:
• on the lingual surfaces of maxillary incisors and the facia l surfaces of maxillary first
molars
• on the facial surfaces of mandibular second premolars and the lingual surface of
canines
• on the facial surfaces of the mandibular canine and first premolar and the lingual
surfaces adjacent to the mandibular incisors and canines
• none of the above
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A

on the facial surfaces of the mandibular canine and first premolar and
the lingual surfaces adjacent to the mandibular incisors and canines

facial generally greatest in incisor regions

163
Q 
Which tooth is most likely to be unnecessarily endodontically treated by a
novice dentist who sees a radiolucency on the radiograph?
• mandibular canine
• mandibular second premolar
• mandibular f irst molar
• maxillary first premolar
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A

• mandibular second premolar

most common type - 5 lobes, 3 cusps

164
Q 
Which tooth has a mesial marginal ridge that is distinctly shorter in length
and less prominent in height than the distal marginal ridge?
• maxillary second premolar
• mandibular fi rst premolar
• mandibular second premolar
• maxillary first premolar
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A

• mandibular fi rst premolar

165
Q

On mandibular premolars, the lingual cusps are much smaller than the buccal
cusps.
On maxillary premolars, the buccal cusps are smaller than the lingual
cusps.
• both statements are t rue
• both statements are false
• the first statement is t rue, the second is false
• the first statement is fa lse, the second is true
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A

1 true 2 false

on maxillary, lingual cusps are smaller, but only slightly

166
Q 
Which premolar is the only one that has a mesial buccal cusp ridge that is
longer than its distal buccal cusp ridge?
• mandibular first premolar
• mandibular second premolar
• maxillary first premolar
• maxillary second premolar
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A

• maxillary first premolar

167
Q

prominent feature of max first premolar

A

mediobuccal cusp ridge longer than distal;; opposite for every other PM

has mesial marginal groove

largest of PMs

168
Q

prominent feature of mand first premolar

A

mesial marginal is lower and shorter than distal marginal

smallest of PMs

mesio-lingual groove!

169
Q 
The largest of all the premolars are the \_\_\_ and the smallest are the
• maxillary first, mandibular first
• maxillary first, mandibular second
• maxillary second, mandibular first
• maxillary second, mandibular second
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A

• maxillary first, mandibular first

170
Q

A hockey player comes into your office with both of his maxillary right premolars
in hand. Which ofthe following characteristics would you NOT use to
distinguish the first from the second maxillary premolar?
• number of roots
• symmetry (one is more symmetrical t han the other)
• mesial to distal cusp ridge ratio
• presence of mesic-lingual developmental groove
• central groove size and supplemental groove number
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A

• presence of mesio-lingual developmental groove

this is on mandibular 1st PM

171
Q

max PMs: 1 vs 2

A

1st - 2 roots;
2nd - more ovoid and regular

DBCR>MBCR on PM2 (vv on PM1)

2nd doesn’t have mesial developmental depression
shorter central groove with more supplementals

172
Q

The dental lamina is a horseshoe-shaped band of epithelial tissue that arises
from the ____ and is surrounded by mesenchymal cells.
• basement membrane
• basal lamina
• ectomesenchyme
• oral epithelium

A

• oral epithelium

173
Q

Enamel matrix is an ectodermal product because ameloblasts are derived
from the inner enamel epithelium of the enamel organ, which was originally
derived from the ectodermal layer of the embryo.
Enamel matrix is first formed in the incisal/occlusal portion of the future
crown near the forming DEJ.
• both statements are t rue
• both statements are false
• the first statement is t rue, the second is false
• the first statement is fa lse, the second is true

A

both true

174
Q

Mature enamel is by weight:
• 74% mineralized or inorganic materi al, 20% organic material, and 6% water
• 80% mineralized or inorganic materi al, 18% organic material, and 2% water
• 90% mineralized or inorganic materi al, 9% o rganic material, and 1% water
• 96% mineralized or inorganic materi al, 1% organic material, and 3% water
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A

• 96% mineralized or inorganic material, 1% organic material, and 3% water

175
Q 
Which of the following are partially calcified vertical defects in the enamel
resembling cracks or fractures that traverse the entire length of the crown
from the surface to the DEJ.
• enamel tufts
• enamel spindles
• enamel rods
• enamel lamellae
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A

lamellae

176
Q 
The mesenchymal cells in the dental papilla adjacent to the inner enamel
epithelium differentiate into:
• ameloblasts
• odontoblasts
• cementoblasts
• fibroblasts
A

• odontoblasts

177
Q 
Which structure is the central core and fills the bulk of the enamel organ?
• outer enamel epithelium
• inner enamel epithelium
• stratum intermedium
• stellate reticu lum
A

• stellate reticu lum

178
Q

A patient comes into your dental clinic holding a bag of ice to the side of his
face and a sliver of ice tucked between his cheek and teeth. He says the cold
relieves the pain in his tooth. This is almost indicative of partial necrosis of
the structure which innervates the whole tooth. This structure is a connective
tissue that develops from the:
• enamel organ
• dental papilla
• epithelial rests of Malassez
• dental sac

A

• dental papilla

179
Q

Which ofthe following statements concerning dentin are true?
Select all that apply.
• it is hard, elastic, 70% inorganic, 20% organic, and 10% water
• the main cell type is the odontoblast, which is derived from ectomesenchyme
• the inorganic component consists of mainly calcium hydroxyapatite
• it is less mineralized than cementum or bone but more mineralized than enamel
128

A
  • it is hard, elastic, 70% inorganic, 20% organic, and 10% water
  • the main cell type is the odontoblast, which is derived from ectomesenchyme
  • the inorganic component consists of mainly calcium hydroxyapatite
180
Q

A 3-year-old boy is being rushed by his mother to finish up his ice-cream. He
is unwilling to bite into it because it hurts his teeth. The reason the teeth of
children are more sensitive to thermal changes than those of an adult is that:
• newly erupted teeth have more dentin than older teeth
• newly erupted teeth have larger dental pulps
• newly erupted teeth have more differentiated mesenchymal cells
• newly erupted teeth have less ground substance
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A

• newly erupted teeth have larger dental pulps

181
Q 
Gemination and fusion occur during which stage of tooth development?
• initiation
• bud stage
• cap stage
• bell stage
• appositional stage
• maturation stage
A

• cap stage (all weird shapes here)

size discrepancies - in bell stage

dysplasia, concrescence and pearls in apposition

182
Q

A 14-year-old boy comes into the dental office for a prophylaxis. A diet evaluation
reveals that he consumes 3-4 cans of soda a day and eats a box of fruit
snacks every week. Radiographs show multiple incipient interproximal carious
lesions and one cavitated carious lesion in his premolar. The cavitated lesion
in the premolar is beginning to encroach on the pulpal tissue. Reparative
dentin is usually formed in response to injury. The primary function of which
tissue is responsible for forming this reparative dentin?
• enamel
• hertwig’s epithelial root sheath
• dental pulp
• cementum

A

• dental pulp

183
Q 
The dental tissue which most closely mimics bone is:
• enamel
• dentin
• dental pulp
• cementum
A

• cementum

184
Q

Which of the following statements concerning cementum are true?
Select all that apply.
• it is formed by cementoblasts from the periodontal ligament
• the organic portion is primarily composed of co llagen and protein
• cellular cementum occurs more frequently on the coronal two-thirds of the root
• it is avascular

A
  • it is formed by cementoblasts from the periodontal ligament
  • the organic portion is primarily composed of co llagen and protein
  • it is avascular

Note: The composition of bone is roughly 50% inorganic, 25% collagen, and 25% water.

185
Q

The junction between primary and secondary dentin is characterized by a
sharp change in the direction of dentinal tubules.
Tertiary dentin is the dentin formed in a tooth before the completion of the
apical foramen of the root.
• both statements are t rue
• both statements are false
• the first statement is t rue, the second is false
• the first statement is fa lse, the second is true
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A

1 true 2 false

186
Q 
Which of the following is formed inside the walls of the dentinal tubules?
• tertiary dentin
• mantle dentin
• peritubular dentin
• intertubula
A

• peritubular dentin

187
Q 
After the lEE differentiates into preameloblasts, the outer cells of the dental
papilla are induced by the preameloblasts to differentiate into:
• fibroblasts
• osteoblasts
• odontoblasts
• cementoblasts
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D
A

• odontoblasts

188
Q

The application of excessive heat to a tooth results in pain because:
• excessive stimulation of a heat receptor always resu lts in pain
• heat receptors in the pulp have a low threshold to pain
• all stimuli to the pulp resu lts in a pain sensation
• blood vessels of the pulp expand and cause strangulation of the t issue
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DENTAL

A

• all stimuli to the pulp results in a pain sensation

the only nerve ending in pulp is free nerve endings which are NOCI

located in Raschkow (cell-rich)

189
Q 
Which of the following is a shallow groove or line between the primary parts
of the crown or root?
• fossa
• su lcus
• developmental groove
• supplemental groove
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A

• developmental groove

sulcus has groove on its bottom

supplemental doesn’t mark jxn of primary parts

190
Q

When two teeth in the same arch are in contact, their curvatures adjacent to
the contact areas form spillway spaces called embrasures.
The design of contact areas, interproximal spaces, and embrasures varies
with the form and alignment of the various teeth; each section of the two
arches shows similarity ofform.
• both statements are t rue
• both statements are false
• the first statement is t rue, the second is false
• the first statement is fa lse, the second is true
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A

both true

191
Q

When viewed from the facial, all posterior teeth have proximal contacts in
the middle third.
The more posterior teeth (the molars) have contacts higher in the middle
third than the premolars.
• both statements are t rue
• both statements are false
• the first statement is t rue, the second is false
• the first statement is fa lse, the second is true
140
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DENTAL

A

1 true 2 wrong

192
Q

A 16-year-old patient is referred to the orthodontist’s office needing work to
fix her malocclusion. Before the patient’s first appointment, the orthodontist
reviews the clinical photographs of the patient and notices mamelons.
Mamelons are unusual in older patients and would indicate that the patient
most likely has which ofthe following malocclusions?
• posterior cross bite
• posterior open bite
• anterior open bite
• edge-to-edge class Ill dental occlusion
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DENTAL

A

• anterior open bite

193
Q

Which ofthe following are true concerning developmental grooves?
Select all that apply.
• they are formed during tooth development
• they usually separate the primary parts of the crown or root
• they are important escape ways for cusps during lateral and protrusive jaw motions
and for food particles during mastication
• they are broad, deep, linear depressions
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DENTAL

A

• they are formed during tooth development
• they usually separate the primary parts of the crown or root
+ they are important escape ways for cusps during lateral and protrusive
jaw motions and for food particles during mastication

they are shallow
pits are at junctions or termination of grooves

194
Q

In many older individuals, gingival recession leads to an unaesthetic problem
affectionately known as “black triangle disease:’ This is caused by the Joss of
gingival tissue in the interdental space. The interdental space is the:
• occlusal (incisal) border at which the gingiva meets the tooth
• portion of the gingiva that fil ls the interproximal space
• collar of t issue that is not attached to the tooth or alveolar bone
• band or zone of gray to light or coral pink keratinized masticatory mucosa that is
firmly bound down to the underlying bone

A

• portion of the gingiva that fil ls the interproximal space

195
Q 
Which of the following types of ridges is unique to permanent maxillary
molars?
• a labial ridge
• a marginal ridge
• an oblique ridge
• a t ransverse ridge
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DENTAL
A

• an oblique ridge

196
Q 
Transverse ridges are very common on which of the following?
Select all that apply.
• mandibular premolars
• mandibular molars
• maxillary premolars
• maxillary molars
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A
  • mandibular molars
  • maxillary premolars

transverse ridge = buccal + lingual triangular ridges

197
Q

A 7-year-old patient comes into your pediatric practice for a routine prophylaxis.
When conducting an intra-oral exam you comment to him that you
notice that he has just eaten something sticky like gummy worms or fruit
snacks. The chewing surface of posterior teeth, and the likely location of
sticky food deposits in this patient, is referred to as the:
• cl inical crown
• incisal edge
• occlusal surface
• anatomic crown

A

• occlusal surface

198
Q 
All anterior teeth show traces of:
• one lobe
• two lobes
• three lobes
• four lobes
A

four

exceptions: 5 lobes in mand PM2 and M1

199
Q

A young patient comes to the clinic complaining that he gets too much food
stuck behind his front tooth when he bites. On examination, the dentist notes
an anomalous, claw-shaped cusp which projects from the cingulum of tooth
#9. This small elevation of enamel found on the crown portion of a tooth
would be classified as a:
• tubercle
•mamelon
• ridge
• developmental depression

A

• tubercle

200
Q 
Each tooth has:
• two point angles
• four point angles
• six point angles
• eight point angles
tooth terms
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DENTAL
A

• four point angles

line angles - 8 in posterior, 6 in anterior

201
Q 
Any linear elevation on the surface of a tooth is called:
• an incline
• a prominence
• a ridge
• a tuberosity
A

ridge

202
Q 
Which tooth in the mouth has the greatest axial inclination relative to the
occlusal plane?
• maxillary canine
• maxillary lateral incisor
• maxillary central incisor
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A

• maxillary central incisor

203
Q 
Which teeth have the most variable crown shape of all permanent teeth?
• maxillary lateral incisors
• mandibular lateral incisors
• maxillary third molars
• mandibular second premolars
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A

• maxillary third molars

mandibulars not as often anomalous

204
Q

Which of the following statements concerning the mandibular lateral incisor
are true?
Select all that apply.
• the mandibular lateral incisor is a little larger in all dimensions than the mandibular
central incisor
• the crown of the mandibular lateral incisor is not as bilaterally symmetri cal as the
mandibular central incisor
• the cingulum is directly in the center of the lingual surface
• the single root is usually straight, slightly longer and wider than that of a mandibular
central

A

• the mandibular lateral incisor is a little larger in all dimensions than the mandibular
central incisor
• the crown of the mandibular lateral incisor is not as bilaterally symmetri cal as the
mandibular central incisor
• the single root is usually straight, slightly longer and wider than that of a mandibular central

205
Q 
Which tooth is considered the"cornerstone" ofthe permanent dentition?
• maxillary canine
• maxillary second molar
• mandibular canine
• mandibular first molar
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DENTAL
A

• mandibular first molar

bc first to erupt

206
Q

A patient walks into your office holding three crowns in her hand and claims
that they fell out during a car accident. You notice that one of the crowns has
a mesiolingual developmental groove. This is a dead giveaway that this
tooth is a:
• maxillary first premolar
• mandibular first premolar
• maxillary second premolar
• mandibular second premolar
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A

• mandibular first premolar

207
Q

You are sifting through extracted teeth to practice a root canal. Since you will
rarely do a third molar root canal in practice, you throw those out right away.
What is the most reliable distinguishing feature of the mandibular third
molar?
• fused and compressed root system
• short, bulbous outline of the crown
• marginal ridge forming a smooth circle
• marked distal inclination of the root trunk
• great morphologic resemblance to the first molar

A

• marked distal inclination of the root trunk

208
Q 
The most distinguishable difference between the maxillary first and second
permanent premolars is:
• the size of the crown
• the number of roots
• the curvature of the facial surface
• the length of the lingual cusp
A

• the number of roots

209
Q

The maxillary first molar is the largest tooth in the maxillary arch and also has
the largest crown in the permanent dentition.
All maxillary molars are wider buccolingually than mesiodistally; in comparison,
the mandibular molars are wider mesiodistally.
• both statements are t rue
• both statements are false
• the first statement is t rue, the second is false
• the first statement is fa lse, the second is true
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A

both true

210
Q 
The \_\_\_\_\_ are the only teeth in the permanent dentition with a vertical
and centrally placed labial ridge.
• central incisors
• lateral incisors
• canines
• premolars
A

canines

211
Q

A linguogingival groove may be present on the root (and possibly on the
crown) of the maxillary lateral incisor.
A maxillary lateral incisor has a single conical root that is relatively smooth
and straight but may curve slightly to the distal.
• both statements are true
• both statements are false
• the first statement is true, the second is fa lse
• the first statement is fa lse, the second is t rue
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A

both true

212
Q

linguogingival groove

A

max lateral incisor

213
Q

When filling a Class II amalgam you are having trouble fitting the matrix band
perfectly and keep getting an overhang in the cervical area. What surfaces
are you preparing?
• mesio-occlusal of a maxillary first premolar
• disto-occlusal of a maxillary first premolar
• mesio-occlusal of a maxillary second premolar
• disto-occlusal of a maxillary second premolar
• mesio-occlusal of a mandibular first premolar
• disto-occlusal of a mandibular first premolar

A

• mesio-occlusal of a maxillary first premolar

bc pronounced mesial concavity + mesial developmental depression

214
Q

pronounced mesial concavity

A

max PM1 + mesial developmental depression

215
Q

A mandibular canine is wider labiolingually and mesiodistally than a maxillary
canine.
The crown of the mandibular canine can be as long or even longer than that
of a maxillary canine.
• both statements are true
• both statements are false
• the first statement is true, the second is fa lse
• the first statement is fa lse, the second is t rue

A

1 wrong 2 right

mandibular canine is narrower FL and MD

216
Q 
Which tooth has two forms: the three-cusp type and the two-cusp type?
• maxillary first premolar
• mandibular second premolar
• mandibular first premolar
• maxillary second premolar
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A

• mandibular second premolar

217
Q

The outline of the crown of a maxillary second molar is narrower mesiodistally
than that of a maxillary first molar but is about the same width buccolingually.
Two crown outline types are possible on the maxillary second molar when
viewed from the occlusal: rhomboidal and heart-shaped.
• both statements are true
• both statements are fa lse
• the first statement is true, the second is fa lse
• the first statement is fa lse, the second is t rue

A

both true

218
Q

compare maxillary molars crown

A

1 wider MD, but about same FL
2 may miss 4th cusp –> looks like heart

2 is more angular; buccal longer than lingual

1 buccal similar to lingual in length

219
Q

You buy a batch of pre-fabricated temporary crown restorations for your office
for the first time. Your assistant drops the entire box on the ground and
they all get mixed up. The hardest tooth to distinguish left from right will be
the:
• maxillary second molar
• maxillary first molar
• mandibular first molar
• mandibular second molar

A

• mandibular second molar (it is the most symmetrical molar)

super symmetrical, looks like squares with + groove

220
Q

+ groove

A

mand M2

221
Q

The mandibular central incisors are the smallest and simplest teeth of the
permanent dentition.
The mandibular central has a simple root, which is very narrow labiolingually
and wide mesiodistally.
• both statements are true
• both statements are false
• the first statement is true, the second is fa lse
• the first statement is fa lse, the second is t rue

A

1 true 2 false

root v narrow MD, wider FL

222
Q

A permanent maxillary central incisor usually has how many mamelons and
developmental lobes?
• two mamelons and two developmental lobes
• two mamelons and three developmental lobes
• three mamelons and two developmental lobes
• three mamelons and four developmental lobes
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A

• three mamelons and four developmental lobes

223
Q

plier handle roots

A

max M1

224
Q

pentagonal occlusal shape

A

mandib M1

225
Q

inclination of lingual cusp on maxillary PMs?

A

mesial

226
Q

root of mandibular canine

A

ovoid, longer FL, wider MD on labial

227
Q 
Which ligaments below are considered to be accessory ligaments of the TMJ?
Select all that apply.
• sphenomandibular ligament
• temporomandibular ligament
• stylomandibular ligament
•lateral discal ligament
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DENTAL
A
  • sphenomandibular ligament
  • stylomandibular ligament

temporomandibular = lateral ligament = main stabilizing

228
Q

A patient comes into your dental office complaining of chewing difficulties.
When you ask him to protrude his mandible, the mandible markedly
deviates to the right. Which muscle, which inserts fibers into the capsule and
articular disc of the TMJ, is most likely damaged?
• right medial pterygoid muscle
• left medial pterygoid muscle
• right lateral pterygoid muscle
• left lateral pterygoid muscle
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A

• right lateral pterygoid muscle

229
Q

A patient with constant, unexplained headaches is referred to a TMJ specialist
by his physician. In order to check for tenderness, the specialist must palpate
the joint. What is the best way to palpate the posterior aspect of the
mandibular condyle?
• intraorally
• externally over the posterior surface of the condyle with the mouth open
• through the external auditory meatus
• any of the above

A

• externally over the posterior surface of the condyle with the mouth open

230
Q

A 56-year-old man comes into the ER with his mouth wide open. His wife
explains that he can’t close his mouth. The resident on-call quickly diagnoses
this as a bilateral dislocation of the TMJ and treats it promptly with reduction.
Dislocation of the TMJ is almost always:
• posteriorly and occurs while sleeping
• anteriorly and occurs while laughing or yawning
• anteriorly and occurs while chewing food
• posteriorly and occurs while laughing or yawning

A

• anteriorly and occurs while laughing or yawning

condyle translates anterior to eminence and becomes trapped

231
Q 
Which component of the TMJ has the most vasculature and innervation?
• articu lar fossa
• anterior band of the articu lar disc
• posterior band of the articular disc
• articu lar eminence
• retrodiscal tissue
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A

• retrodiscal tissue

232
Q

A relatively unsuccessful treatment option for individuals suffering from
osteoarthritis is to inject or implant hyaline cartilage into areas of articular
cartilage degeneration. If osteoarthritis were to involve the TMJ, this treatment
modality would definitely be unsuccessful because the articular surfaces
of the TMJ are covered with:
• dense fibrous connective tissue
• periosteum
• elastic cartilage
• periosteum and elastic cartilage

A

• dense fibrous connective tissue

233
Q

A patient with chronic TMJ inflammation is being treated by a dental TMJ
expert. To supplement his examination, the dentist wants to image the soft
tissues of this patient’s TMJ. Which of the following is the best imaging
modality for identifying the position of the articular disc in the temporomandibular
joint?
• panoramic radiograph
• magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
• computerized axial tomography (CAT Scan)
•lateral t ranscranial radiograph

A

MRI

CAT is better for bones

234
Q

Reciprocal clicking is always a sign of damage to the ligaments that fasten
the disc in place.
A disc cannot click if the posterior and collateral ligaments are intact.
• both statements are true
• both statements are fa lse
• the first statement is true, the second is fa lse
• the first statement is fa lse, the second is t rue

A

both true

235
Q

A patient with temporomandibular disorder comes to the dental office for
treatment. He has bilateral “clicking” of the condyles upon opening and
tenderness on palpation of the joint. An MRI shows damaged collateral
ligaments. The most common direction in which the articular disc in the TMJ
will be displaced in this patient is:
•laterally
• medially
• posteriorly
• anteromedially

A

anteromedially

bc of anteromedial pull of lateral pterygoid

236
Q

The TMJ is a(an):
• arthrodi al joint
• ginglymus joint
• ginglymoarthrodial joint

A

• ginglymoarthrodial joint

means it glides and rotates

237
Q 
All of the following structures make up the articulating parts of each temporomandibular
joint EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION?
• mandibular condyle
• articular fossa and articular eminence
• retrodiscal tissue
• articular disc (meniscus)
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DENTAL
A

• retrodiscal tissue

238
Q

Which of the following structures secretes the fluid which lubricates the TMJ?
• retrodiscal tissue
• internal synovial layer of the fibrous capsule
• outer fibrous layer of the fibrous capsule
• articular disc

A

• internal synovial layer of the fibrous capsule

239
Q

Translatory movements take place in which compartment of the TMJ?
• upper (mandibular fossa -articular disc) compartment
•lower (condyle- articular disc) compartment
• both the upper and lower compartments

A

• upper (mandibular fossa -articular disc) compartment

rotatiom around condyle heads in lower part (hinge)

upper - only sliding = translation; protrusion

240
Q

All of the following statements are true EXCEPT one. Which one is the
EXCEPTION?
• the crowns of the primary anterior teeth are wider mesiodistally and shorter incisocervically
than their permanent counterparts
• the crowns of the primary molars are shorter and more narrow mesiodistally at the cervical
third as compared to the permanent molars
• the pulpal horns are lower in primary molars, especially the distal horns, and the pulp chambers
are proportionately smaller
• the roots of the primary anterior teeth taper more rapidly than do those of the permanent
anteriors
• the roots of the primary molars are longer and more slender than those of the permanent
molars
• the enamel ends abruptly at the cervical line on primary teeth, rather than becoming thinner,
which occurs on permanent teeth

A

• the pulpal horns are lower in primary molars, especially the distal horns, and the pulp chambers
are proportionately smaller\

pulpal horns are lower, pulp chambers are larger

longer and slender roots, flare out closer to cervix

241
Q

Stainless steel crowns are often used in pediatric dentistry. Also common in
pediatric dentistry are kids throwing temper tantrums. One day a 4-year-old
patient throws a tantrum and knocks over your case of stainless steel
crowns. When picking out the primary mandibular first molars you
remember which of the following statements?
• they resemble the permanent mandibular first premolar
• they resemble the permanent mandibular first molar
• they resemble the permanent maxillary second molar
• they resemble the primary mandibular second molar
• none of the above; their anatomy is unlike any other tooth in the mouth (primary or
permanent)

A

• none of the above; their anatomy is unlike any other

tooth in the mouth (primary or permanent)

242
Q 
A frantic mother calls you on the phone asking what to do about her child's
first tooth. You want to impress her. Before she can say it, you tell her what
tooth it is. It is a:
• primary mandibular central incisor
• primary mandibular first molar
• primary maxillary central incisor
• primary maxillary fi rst molar
You got that right, and now you really impress her and tell her how old her
child is. She is about:
• 4-Y2 months old
• 6-Y2 months old
• 1 O-Y2 months old
• 1 year old
A

• primary mandibular central incisor

6-1/2 months old

243
Q

A 10-1/ 2- year-old patient comes into your office. You are not sure whether
his maxillary canines are permanent or primary. Which of the following
statements will help you determine which they are?
• the cusp on the primary maxillary canine is much shorter than the cusp on the
permanent maxillary canine
• the mesial cusp ridge on the primary maxillary canine is shorter than the distal cusp
ridge; this is the opposite of all other canines
• the cusp on the primary maxillary canine is much longer and sharper than the cusp
on the permanent maxillary canine
• the primary maxillary canine is much narrower and longer than the permanent
maxilla ry canine

A

the cusp on the primary maxillary canine is much longer and
sharper than the cusp on the permanent maxillary canine

mesial cusp ridge is longer than distal - opposite on all other canines

244
Q

deciduous primary molars look like

A

max M1 - unique, 3 cusps
max M2 looks like adult M2

mand M1 unique, 4 cusps
mand M2 looks like adult M2

245
Q

When attempting a MO Class II amalgam preparation and filling on a primary
tooth, you encounter a very large mesial marginal ridge that resembles
a cusp. You also notice a transverse ridge that runs from the mesiolingual
cusp to the mesiobuccal cusp that is rather large. This tooth often proves
difficult to restore, which tooth is it?
• mandibular fi rst molar
• maxillary first molar
• mandibular second molar
• maxillary second molar

A

• mandibular first molar

  • The mesial marginal ridge is very well developed and resembles a cusp
  • It has no central fossa
246
Q

How many lobes develop to form a primary canine tooth?

A

4

247
Q

A 10-year-old patient comes into your office with his mother. They are
concerned about affording orthodontic treatment for his slightly crowded
anterior teeth. He has not lost his primary molars yet. From this information
alone, you tell his mother …
• don’t worry, the premolar teeth that replace these primary molars take up less space
in the arch, so we can expect to see more room in a few years
• get a second job, the premolar teeth that replace these primary molars take up more
space in the arch so we can expect to see even less room than there is now
• the premolar teeth that replace these primary molars take up the same amount of
space in the arch. Based on this we cannot tell at this point whether your son will
need orthodontic t reatment

A

• don’t worry, the premolar teeth that replace these primary molars take up less space
in the arch, so we can expect to see more room in a few years

248
Q

Although it usually isn’t much of a problem, which of the following criteria
would NOT be used to distinguish primary maxillary central incisors from
their permanent counterparts?
• they are shorter incisocervically
• they are wider mesiodista lly than incisocervically
• there are no mamelons present
• the incisal edge is straighter
• the distal flare of the root is greater

A

• the distal flare of the root is greater

249
Q 
The crowns of all 20 primary teeth begin to calcify between:
• 1 to 2 months in utero
• 2 to 3 months in utero
• 4 to 6 months in utero
• 8 to 9 months in utero
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DENTAL
A

• 4 to 6 months in utero

250
Q

Sally and Annie, ages six and eight respectively, come into your office and get
their picture put up on the “Cavity-Free Board:’ On the back of each picture,
your assistant writes how many baby teeth they have lost and how many adult
teeth they have. Which numbers are correct?
• Sally (0, 4); Annie (2, 6)
• Sally (2, 6); Annie (4, 1 0)
• Sally (2, 6); Annie (2, 6)
• Sally (0, 4); Annie (8, 12)
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A

• Sally (0, 4); Annie (8, 12)

251
Q

what teeth would a 8yo have ordinarily?

A

12 perm and 12 primary

252
Q

what teeth would a 6yo have ordinarily?

A

all 20 primary + 4 permanent

253
Q

largest primary tooth?

A

mandibular second molar

254
Q

largest permanent tooth

A

maxillary 1 molar

255
Q

The mesiolingual cusp is the most prominent cusp on the primary maxillary
first molar.
The mesiolingual cusp is the longest and sharpest cusp on the primary maxillary
first molar.
• both statements are t rue
• both statements are false
• the first statement is t rue, the second is false
• the first statement is fa lse, the second is true

A

both true

256
Q

which cusp on max molar is largest and sharpest?

A

MB

257
Q

Spaces between maxillary lateral incisor and canine and mandibular canine and 1 primary molar is called _____ spaces; allows for the space to be filled by permanent teeth as they erupt

  • primitive
  • private
  • primate
  • hawley
A

primate spaces

caused by growth of arches

258
Q

primate spaces appear

A

before max canine and behind mandib canine

259
Q

A neophyte dental student, only about two weeks into the program, gets
scared when her 10-year-old cousin gets hit in the face and loses a tooth.
She calls you up and says that her cousin lost his permanent mandibular first
molar. Once she tells you more about the root morphology of the tooth, you
realize it is primary and the child simply lost his …
• primary mandibular fi rst molar
• primary mandibular second molar
• primary maxillary first molar
• primary maxillary second molar

A

• primary mandibular second molar

260
Q 
Morphologically, the primary maxillary second molar strikingly resembles
the:
• permanent maxillary third molar
• permanent maxillary second molar
• permanent maxillary first molar
• permanent mandibular second molar
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A

• permanent maxillary first molar

261
Q 
Primary molar relationships are known as:
• class relationships
• step relationships
• primitive relationships
• occlusion relationships
primary dentition
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A

• step relationships

262
Q 
Both the mesial-step and flush-terminal -plane relationships usually result in
the development of a:
• class I permanent molar occlusion
• cl ass II permanent molar occlusion
• cl ass Ill permanent molar occlusion
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DENTAL
A

• class I permanent molar occlusion

263
Q

possible primary molar occlusions and which are normal

A

flush, mesial-step (these two ok) and distal step ( –> III)

264
Q

Largest FL of all teeth

A

Max M1

265
Q

Largest MD of all teeth

A

Mand M1

266
Q

Largest cusp in mandibular first molar

A

MB in adult, ML in primary

267
Q

Acute angles in maxillary molar

A

ML and DB

268
Q

Cusps of maxillary PM1 offsets

A

But also to distal, lingual to medial

269
Q

PM with one horn

A

Mand PM1

270
Q

Thickest root FL

A

Mesial of mandivular M1

271
Q

Shortest interdental papilla

A

Mandubular PM2 and M1

272
Q

Greatest root inclination

A

Mand M3

273
Q

Centric relation vs central occlusion, what guides

A

Relation ligaments, occlusion teeth

274
Q

Anterior most likely to have two roots

A

Mand canine

275
Q

Nonmolar mist likely to take three roots

A

Max PM1

NBDE (15 decks)

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