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X Pediatrics Exam 2 > Dental > Flashcards

Dental Flashcards

1
Q

First dental visit

A

when teeth erupt (by age 1)

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2
Q

Number of primary teeth

A

20

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3
Q

When do all primary teeth erupt by

A

age 3

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4
Q

Spacing is good in primary teeth because

A

allows room for larger permanent teeth

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5
Q

Enamel in primary teeth

A

thin; teeth can decay quickly

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6
Q

Timing for eruption of primary teeth

A

3 mo (as late as 14) - 3 YO

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7
Q

Premature baby tooth eruption

A

May be delayed; may have enamel defects

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8
Q

Exfoliation/shedding

A

loosing primary teeth; starts with lower incisors

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9
Q

1st permanent molar eruption

A

age 6

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10
Q

Eruption of permanent dentition

A

age 6 until age 12

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11
Q

Decalcification

A

white spots that don’t wipe off; sign of early decay; reversible with plaque removal and fluoride; refer to dentist

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12
Q

Caries progression

A

Decalcification, moderate, severe

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13
Q

Moderate careis

A

brown/black spots, smooth and/or chewing surfaces, dental refer ASAP

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14
Q

Severe caries

A

risk of fracture; affects chewing and self-esteem; often requires tx in OR under anesthesia; refer ASAP; places child at risk for serious infection

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15
Q

Early Childhood caries (ECC)

A

transmissible (<5), decay/destruction; dependent on refined carbs; virulent

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16
Q

High risk for caries

A 
premature/low birth weight
low SES/education
caregiver with cavities
siblings with cavities
children w/ special health care needs
children who use a bottle after 15 months or have sweets/starchy snack more than 3 times a day
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17
Q

Breast milk

A

not cariogenic unless combined with carbs

18
Q

Teeth care

A

must be cleaned following feedings whether breast or bottle

19
Q

Eliminate bottle

A

by 1 year old

20
Q

Introduce sippy cup

A

as soon as child can sit up unsupported

21
Q

Drinks at bed or nap tim

A

ONLY WATER

22
Q

When can kids have juice

A

meals only (water and milk between meals)

23
Q

Feeding guidelines

A

healthy foods, avoid pre-tasting/pre-chewing (shares bacteria), avoid stick foods, discourage grazing (especially carbs)

24
Q

Teething tips

A

something cold, teething ring, clean finger to rub gums, dispense acetmainophen

25
Q

Most discontinue sucking habit

A

2-4 YO (causes teeth and jaw problems if not)

26
Q

Toothbrushing

A

<1: clean w/ soft toothbrush
1-2 y: parents should brush w/ smear of fluoride toothpaste 2x/day
2-6 y: pea-sized fluoride 2x/day parent performed/supervise
>6 y: brush with fluoride 2x/day

27
Q

Fluoride

A

prevents decay; found in tap water and some bottled water

28
Q

Fluorosis

A

excessive system fluoride; causes brown spots on teeth

29
Q

Threat of fluorosis disappears

A

age 8

30
Q

When to begin flossing

A

as soon as teeth touch; assist children until 8-10 yo

31
Q

Number 1 chronic infectious disease

A

childhood caries

32
Q

Most common structural birth defect

A

orofacial clefts (more common in males)

33
Q

Types of clefts

A

unilateral vs. bilateral
cleft palate, cleft lip and palate
bifid uvula

34
Q

Risk factor for clefts

A

maternal smoking, alcohol use, diabetes and obesity

35
Q

Feeding babies with cleft

A

have difficult forming negative pressure to suck; overcome by using longer nipples; frequent burping due to baby swallowing air; feed more upright (>45 degrees)

36
Q

Ear problems with cleft

A

slack palate muscles close middle ear space leaving no mechanism for drainage; bacteria from nasopharynx accumulate in fluid leading to infection myringotomy may be required; chronic inflammation leads to impairment and possible permanent damage

37
Q

Four speech problems with cleft

A
  • retardation of consonant sounds
  • hypernasality may remain after surgical repair
  • dental malocclusion (abnormal bite) and abnormal tongue placement may produce an articulation problem
  • hearing problem
38
Q

Associated anomalies with cleft

A

clubefoot/neuro disturbances (30%), congenital heart disease (10%), mental retardation (10%)

39
Q

Goals of tx for cleft

A

produce face that does not attract attention, create vocal apparatus that permits intelligent speech, dentition that allows optimal funciton and aesthetics

40
Q

Nasoalveolar Molding (NAM)

A

shapes nose and improves nose as early as 1st week; worn 24 hrs a day; unilateral clefts (3 months) and bilateral clefts (6 months); precursor for surgery; aids with feeding

41
Q

Dental problems with cleft

A

absence of teeth or supernumaris (extra teeth); can affect development of upper jaw

42
Q

How often should you have a dental visit

A

every 6 months

X Pediatrics Exam 2 (3 decks)

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