Dental 2- Fixed in Google Sheet Flashcards
macule
lesion of the mucous membrane not above skins surface
polydipsia
abnormally incresed thirst
vesicant
substance that can broduce blistering on direct blistering on direct contact with skin or mucous membrane
basion
midline point at the anterior margin of the occipital foramen
accretions
accumulation of foreign material such as plaque and calculus on teeth
asynergy
lack of special muscular coordination
hypnic
inducing or pertaining to sleep
eupnea
easy or normal respirations
hypophysis
pituitary gland
parulis
a gumboil
nasion
root of the nose at the median sagittal plane
mucositis
inflammation of the mucous membrane
pronasion
prominent point on the tip of the nose
typodont
artificial model of teeth used for teaching technique esercises
condyle
rounded surface at a bone’s articular end
fluoridate
add fluoride to a water supply
hemangioma
a benign neoplasm
infradentale
most anterior point of the alveolar mandibular process
adjunct
a drug or other substance that serves a supplemental purpose in therapy
xanthoma
small yellow nodules tha generally occur in subcutaneous tissue
vestibuloplasty
surgical procedure to restore alveolar ridge height
alopecia
deficiency of hair; baldness
apraxia
inability to act purposefully due to selective damage to brain centers
iodophor
a loose compound of iodine
leukoplakia
white plaque formed on the oral mucous membranes
kyphosis
humpback
kaolin
a fine, pure-white clay
hydrocelphalus
abnormal accumulation of fluid in the cranial vault
Abducens
sixth cranial nerve, used for lateral eye sense and movement
Abfraction
loss of tooth surface in the cervical area, caused by tooth grinding compression forces
acetaminophen
drug used as an aspirin replacement in children
acidifier
a chemical ingredient that maintains the required acidity of the fixer and stop-bath solutions
acidity
condition of being sour; makes litmus paper red
acquired pellicle
little skin; thin covering on teeth, plaque
activate
to adjust an appliance so that it will exert effective force on the teeth and jaws
activator
substance that reacts with the initiator to start polymerization
acute radiation exposure
radiation resulting from a massive, short-term, ionizing dose, such as an accidental exposure or explosion of radiation material
adenoid
lymphatic tissue found in the nasopharynx area
adjunctive orthodontics
procedures necessary to correct or restore function
adrenocorticosteroids
byproducts from the adrenal cortex; drugs to treat inflamed conditions, allergies, and emergencies
ala-tragus line
imaginary line from the ala (wing) of the nose to the ear meatus (center)
allograft
human bone graft from a person other than the patient
allopexia
deficiency of hair, baldness
alternating pulse sound
alternate weak and strong pulsations
alveolectomy
surgical removal of alveolar bone crests
alveolitis
infection or inflammation of the alveolar bone; a dry socket
alveolus
bone growth on the border of maxilla and mandible; makes up and forms the tooth sockets
alveoplastomy
surgical reshaping or contouring of alveolar bone
AMBU bag
bag placed over the nose and mouth of the victim to force air into the lungs
amoxicillin
anti-infective antibiotic drug (ex. Amosil, Larotid)
ampicillin
anti-infective antibiotic type of drug (ex. Polucillin, Omnipen)
analgesia
without pain
aneroid
dial-type blood pressure device using air pressure readings
aneurysm
dilation of a blood vessel due to wall weakness, possible rupture
anodyne
agent or drug for pain relief (mild drug)
angina pectoris
pain or pressure around the heart
ankyloglossia
shortness of the lingual frenum, “tongue-tied”, limited tongue movement
ankylosis
stiff joint caused by bone fusion; tooth fixation, retention of a deciduous tooth
anopsia
blindness
anosmia
loss of sense of smell
anoxia
total lack of oxygen
antagonism
opposite or contrary action of a drug
antagonist
opposing tooth; tooth that occludes or counteracts
antecubital fossa
interior depression of the elbow; blood pressure site
anticoagulants
drugs used to delay or prevent the clotting of blood
antiflux
material, usually graphite, applied to retard the forward advance of melted solder
antihyperlipids
drugs that decrease or prevent high blood lipid plasma
antipyretic
drug used to reduce a fever
aperture
opening or port in the lead collimator disk that regulates the size of the beam
apexification
treatment of a nonvital tooth to stimulate closure
aphthous ulcer
canker sore
aplasia
failure of an organ or body part to develop
apposition
addition of parts; fourth stage of tooth development
armamentarium
layout of dental equipment and material
arrested caries
decay showing no progressive tendencies
arteriosclerosis
small artery closing; may be caused by plaque but usually over the course of time, arteries begin to harden and not be as elastic
arthrotomy
cutting into a joint
articular eminence
forms anterior boundary of the glenoid fossa and helps to maintain the mandible in position
articulate
coming together in a pattern of design, to place in a connected sequence
articulating paper
colored paper strip for testing level of occlusion
articulation
movement of teeth of the lower jaw in and up-and-down, tooth position relationship
articulator
mechanical device that simulates jaw joint actions
asculate
to listen to movement
asphyxiation
not breathing, results from oxygen imbalance
aspirating tips
tip ends placed into suction tubes; used to remove mouth moisture
atherosclerosis
narrowed arteries caused by buildup of plaque; preventable
atrioventricular
valve situation between the atrium and the ventricle
attenuated
diluted or reduced virulence of a pathogenic microbe
auditory meatus
large opening in temporal bone for passage of the auditory nerve
auditory ossicles
small bones in the ear; not considered part of the face or skull
augmentation
buildup of gingival and bone tissue in collapsed area, resulting from tooth extraction
aural
pertaining to the ear; site for taking temperature
autogenous
in transplantation, moving a tooth from one area to another in the same cavity
autograft
bone graft from another site in the same patient
auxiliary springs
stainless steel attachment used to apply force for directional pull
axial surface
long-length surface of a tooth; axis
axillary
under the armpit; site for taking temperature
biteplane
a removable appliance that covers the occlusal surface of the teeth to prevent twit articulation
bromopnea
bad breath (aka halitosis)
calculus
(aka tartar) hardened plaque caused by the accumulation of minerals (e.g.calcium salts) from saliva on plaque
canine
one of the four pointed teeth in humans; cuspids
cassette
a lightweight container in which x-ray films are placed for radiation exposure
carotid
either one of the two main arteries of the neck
cherubism
genetic disorder resulting in enlargement of cheek tissue and other facial structures
dens in dente
tooth within a tooth
dentinogenesis imperfecta
incomplete or improper development of dentin tissue, between enamel and cementum
early tooth exfoliation
tooth loss resulting in shifting of teeth and loss of position
ejector
an aspirator; device used to remove debris and fluids
enameloplasty
reshaping of a tooth/removin a small amount of the enamel by grinding
fibroma
a hard fibrous/connective tissue tumor in the jaw/mouth, benign
flexion
bending of a joint, opposite of extension
foramen
a natural opening in a bone
forceps
used to grasp tissue and clamp blood vessels
fossa
a pit, hollow or depression
gangrene
death of tissue (necrosis) en masse, caused by lack of blood supply
gemination
division of a single tooth into 2
gingivosis
desquamative gingivitis (red, ulcerated, shedding gums)
glenoid
the fossa in the temporal bone in which condyles of the mandible articulate with the skull
handpieces
help aid dentist in tooth preparation and remove dental decay
hematoma
mass of blood in tissue
hemostasis
arrest of bleeding
hemostat
stops bleeding by clamping the blood vessel
howe pliers
(aka 110) straight and includes beaks that have a flat rounded end, making them useful for holding items
humectant
substance that prevents moisture loss
hyperdontia
supernumerary teeth; teeth that appear in addition to the regular number of teeth
hyperemia
excessive amount of blood flow to a tissue
hypodontia
missing teeth due to lack of growth
intrinsic
internal discoloration of teeth resulting from diet, medication, or excessive fluoride intake during tooth development
keratosis
type of wart
lentula
a flexible spiral-wire instrument
linear applicator
place calcium hydroxide in or glass ionomer in cavity preparation
lipoma
benign fatty tumor
lymphangioma
tumor made up of lymphatic vessels
mendula
lower jaw
ostectomy
removal/excision of all or part of a bone surrounding a tooth
osteoma
a benign neoplasm of bone tissue
papilloma
neoplasm arising from epithelial cells; benign tumor
periodontium
specialized tissue that surrounds and supports the teeth
positioner
removable elastic orthodontic appliance
pulp
area of tooth that holds the nerves and blood vessels of the tooth
radicular
pertaining to the tooth root
ranula
muococele in the floor of the mouth in the sublingual duct
refractory
ability to withstand high temperatures used in procedures
retraction
laying back of tissues to expose a given part
scorbutic
lacking vitamin C
silica
quartz; used to make dental porcelain
subperiosteal
implant plate or frame placed under the periodontium and stabilized on the mandibular bone; used when bone height/width is insufficient; rests on top of bone
titration
increase in drug dosage for optimal therapeutic effect
transosteal
implant; large plate stabilized on the lower border of the mandibular bone with posts extending through the gingiva; used to anchor prostheses in difficult situations
vasodilator
agent causing dilation of blood vessels
vasomotor
causing expansion or contraction of blood vessel walls
verucca vulgaris
benign growth; wart on skin due to viral infection of epidermal cells
vesicle
a small blister-like elevation of the skin
periradicular
around the root
objective signs
conditions observed by someone other than the patient; Ex: hyperextension, putrefaction
tooth hyperextension
condition in which the tooth arises out of the socket
putrefaction
noticeable, unpleasant odor
subjective symptoms
conditions as described by the patient; Ex: hypersensitivity, pulpalgia
palpation
application of finger pressure to body tissues, including gingiva
mobility
movement of a tooth in its socket during outside force or application of pressure
transillumination
light refraction test to reveal fractured tooth tissue
thermal
pulp sensitivity test with reaction to application of heat and/or cold to tooth surface
direct dentin stimulation
scratching the exposed dentin with an explorer; presence of pain indicates inflamed/irritated pulp tissue
suppurative
producing pus
pericementitis
inflammation and necrosis of alveoli of the tooth
root end resection
surgical amputation of a root apex; may be necessary where there is a radical cyst
anesthesia
local injection to relieve pain occurring during the procedure; first step of root canal treatment
estirpation
removal of the pulpal tissue after the pulpal opening; third step of root canal treatment
irrigation and cleansing
use of chemicals and instruments to remove tissue dust and material matter from the pulp and pulp canals; fifth step of root canal treatment
obturation
fillling and closing of the canal area; may consist of filling from the pulp to the apex or may be complete in a retrograde; sixth step of root canal treatment
retrograde
process of filling a root canal beginning from the apex of the tooth to the pulp
retrofill endodontic restoration
process of filling a root canal beginning from the apex of the tooth to the pulp
restoration
returning of tooth to normal function and purpose; last step of root canal treatment
dental dam
used to isolate the endodontic site
dental dam material
thin sheet of latex or non-latex rubber that varies in thickness, color, and size; component of a dental dam
dental dam frame
device used to hold dental dam material in place; may be metal or plastic, rigid or adjustable
dental dam punch
device used to place selected holes in dam material for isolating a tooth/teeth
dental dam forceps
hand device used to transport and place clamps/retainers around a tooth being isolated with a dental dam
rubber dam stamp and pad
marking stamper and pad devices used to indicated alignment spots for puncturing dental dam material with the punch
dental dam clamp
retaining device used to hold dental dam material around the tooth; may be metal or resin and vary in size, shape, and style
dental dam ligature
material used to hold and secure dam material in the mouth; Ex: dental floss, latex stabilizing cord, small piece of dental dam
file
Thin, rough-edged instrument used to plane and smooth pulpal wall
flex file
stainless steel or nickel titanium alloy file that is stronger and more flexible; used in narrow, curved root canals
pesso reamer
thicker, engine-driven reamer with larger and longer parallel cutting edges for use in root canal openings
paper points
small, narrow, absorbent paper tips that may be inserted into an obturated root canal; used to dry the prep site or to carry medication to the area; available in various gauges and lengths or may have tips cut off to accommodate needed size
stopper
small piece of elastic band or commercial plug that is moved up or down the shaft of an endodontic instrument; used to mark and indicated the length of penetration
rotary burs and stones
friction grip burs with diamond or carbide tips used to gain access to a root canal through restoration and crowns
root canal plugger
longer-shanked with a flat tipped nib; used to condense and adapt root canal filling material
root canal condenser
handled, long-tip instrument that may be heated and used to condense gutta-percha to root canal walls
Lentulo spiral drill
thin, twisted wire, latch-type rotary instrument used to spread calcium hydroxide or cement into a root canal
apex locator machine
used to determine the proximity of the test file to the root apex and relate the information to PC board screen during preparation of a root canal
heat carrier machine
provides adjustable heat to soften, deliver, and condense gutta-percha to a root canal
electric endodontic handpiece
permits the use of instruments at slow speeds for finger instrumentation
Luer-loc syringe
barrel-type syringe with piston force plunger; used to inject fluids into the cavity
silver points
tapered silver points comparable in size to files and reamers; used to fill a root canal
cement pastes and fillers
zinc oxide and eugenol mixes with commercial materials; used to cement points in a root canal
sodium hypochlorite
chemical used to clean and sterilize
hydrogen peroxide
chemical used to clean and sterilize
glycerin
used to lubricate root canal
chelator
chemical ion softener used to soften tissue
